Dyes and PigmentsPub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112771
Yanjie Sun , Yinuo Wang , Fengbo Sun , Ruize Zhou , Xiang Gao , Qi Zhang , Jianhong Gao , Zhitian Liu
{"title":"Biphenyl core boosts the photovoltaic performance of ether-bonded perylene diimides based nonfullerene acceptors","authors":"Yanjie Sun , Yinuo Wang , Fengbo Sun , Ruize Zhou , Xiang Gao , Qi Zhang , Jianhong Gao , Zhitian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One novel ether-bonded non-fullerene acceptor (NFA), named as NAJ-2-o is easily obtained through the reaction of monobrominated perylene diimides (PDI) with catechol employing the Williamson reaction, which does not require a metal catalyst. Furthermore, its dimer, named as NAJ-4-o is synthesized via Suzuki reaction. The biphenyl core in NAJ-4-o twists the “double-decker” configuration of NAJ-2-o, therefore exhibits a weaker aggregation and a more suitable film morphology, thus a ∼2.5 times higher power conversion efficiency (PCE). The PCE value of the PBDB-T:NAJ-4-o based blend was 4.73 %, with a <em>V</em><sub><em>oc</em></sub> of 0.92 V, a <em>J</em><sub><em>sc</em></sub> of 10.10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, and a FF of 50.87 %. This paper demonstrates that the beneficial effects of biphenyl-core on improving the photovoltaic performance of PDI-based NFAs and presents an easy method for synthesizing 3D geometric PDI molecules with optimal intramolecular orientations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 112771"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dyes and PigmentsPub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112770
Shangru Li , Xiao-Long Liu , Jia-Xiong Chen , Congcong Kai , Zhichao Mao , Longjiang Xing , Yong-Zhi Chen , Yao-Zu Su , Weiqiang Li , Wen-Cheng Chen , Yanping Huo
{"title":"Highly efficient multi-resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter based on carbonyl-nitrogen derivative","authors":"Shangru Li , Xiao-Long Liu , Jia-Xiong Chen , Congcong Kai , Zhichao Mao , Longjiang Xing , Yong-Zhi Chen , Yao-Zu Su , Weiqiang Li , Wen-Cheng Chen , Yanping Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of multi-resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials to achieve a small full width at half maximum (FWHM) and high external quantum efficiency (EQE) in highly doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is highly desirable. In this study, we designed a novel MR-TADF emitter, 3,11-di-<em>tert</em>-butyl-7-(10-phenyl-10<em>H</em>-spiro[acridine-9,9′-fluoren]-3′-yl)quinolino[3, 2, 1 -de]acridine-5,9-dione (tBuCON-ST), by incorporating a spirofluorene triphenylamine (ST) group into the MR-TADF framework of tBuCON. The ST group introduces steric hindrance, effectively suppressing exciton quenching. Consequently, tBuCON-ST demonstrated high exciton utilization at elevated doping ratios while maintaining a narrow FWHM of 34 nm. Moreover, tBuCON-ST-based OLEDs achieved high EQEs exceeding 19.1 % at doping concentrations of 10 wt%, significantly outperforming tBuCON-based OLEDs at the same doping levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 112770"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dyes and PigmentsPub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112766
Wei Lei, Siyuan Chen, Yan Zeng, Xuewen Wang, Qianfu Luo
{"title":"A tricolor photochromic hybrid tetra-arylethene with > 99 % E-Z isomerization and photocyclization/cycloreversion","authors":"Wei Lei, Siyuan Chen, Yan Zeng, Xuewen Wang, Qianfu Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present the rational design and synthesis of an innovative tricolor photochromic switch featuring a unique molecular architecture combining an <em>E</em>-tetra-arylethene core with dual benzophenone moieties. The system demonstrates exceptional bidirectional photoresponsive behavior, achieving near-quantitative <em>E-Z</em> isomerization (yields >99%) and efficient photoinduced cyclization/cycloreversion reactions in tetrahydrofuran solution. This sophisticated photochromic interplay enables precise tricolor modulation through controlled light irradiation. Notably, the system exhibits light-regulated thermal reversibility, offering unprecedented control over its relaxation dynamics. The photochromic performance remains robust across different matrices, including PMMA polymer films and cellulose filter paper substrates. This multi-addressable color-switching platform demonstrates promising potential for advanced optical applications, particularly in dynamic information encryption systems and multi-level anti-counterfeiting technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 112766"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dyes and PigmentsPub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112767
Qiutong Chen , Jiaxing Li , Yiting Wang , Mingyu Tian , Tianyu Liang , Keli Zhong , Xiaomei Yan , Lijun Tang
{"title":"A quinolinium-based colorimetric and NIR fluorescent dual-channel sensing platform for specific detection of bisulfite in food, traditional Chinese medicine and living cells","authors":"Qiutong Chen , Jiaxing Li , Yiting Wang , Mingyu Tian , Tianyu Liang , Keli Zhong , Xiaomei Yan , Lijun Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) and its derivatives are commonly used in food processing, but excessive exposure to SO<sub>2</sub> and its derivatives can pose serious health risks. In this study, we present a near-infrared “turn-on” probe, <strong>QSB-M</strong>, for the highly selective and sensitive detection of HSO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>. The recognition of HSO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> by the probe results in a marked color change and a significant enhancement in near-infrared fluorescence, offering high sensitivity (limit of detection = 95.12 nM), rapid response, and minimal interference from environmental background signals. The recognition mechanism involves the specific addition of HSO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> to the 4-position of the quinolinium moiety, triggering an intramolecular charge transfer effect that leads to both colorimetric and fluorescence dual responses. <strong>QSB-M</strong> was also successfully applied for <em>in situ</em> visualization of HSO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> in various foods and traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), with recoveries ranging from 90 % to 115 %. Additionally, test strips and a smartphone-assisted sensing platform were developed, enabling direct detection of HSO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> levels in foods and TCM without the need for complex instrumentation. Importantly, <strong>QSB-M</strong> exhibits low cytotoxicity, good mitochondrial-targeting ability, and has been successfully used for the <em>in situ</em> detection of both endogenous and exogenous HSO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> in live MCF-7 cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 112767"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dyes and PigmentsPub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112772
Anna Kusior , Kinga Michalec , Marta Radecka , Victoria Beltran , Karolien De Wael
{"title":"When the past meets the present: New insights into the synthesis and photoelectrochemical stability of mosaic gold","authors":"Anna Kusior , Kinga Michalec , Marta Radecka , Victoria Beltran , Karolien De Wael","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tin sulfides are widely used in various applications, such as lithium-ion batteries, photodetectors, photocatalysts, and photovoltaic cells. SnS<sub>2</sub> (mosaic gold) is mainly known for its stability and effectiveness as a reductive photocatalyst. However, it is vulnerable to corrosion from light exposure and environmental factors, but the mechanism behind these reactions are not well understood. In this study, SnS<sub>2</sub> synthesized by three methods, salt melting, hydrothermal synthesis, and solid-state reaction, were investigated, and their morphological and phase composition were studied. The stability of the materials under different light sources and environmental conditions was analyzed by electrochemical measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), spectroscopy and Raman imaging. The results demonstrate that the photostability of SnS<sub>2</sub> pigments is influenced by their composition and morphology, with non-stoichiometric and flower-like structures exhibiting enhanced resistance. This research contributes to understanding the pigment's stability. Raman spectroscopy spot analysis revealed the presence of a multiphase composition, suggesting local changes in structure. However, the overall photostability is guaranteed by the geometry and purity of the mosaic gold particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 112772"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dyes and PigmentsPub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112761
Vladislav M. Korshunov , Timofey N. Chmovzh , Ivan V. Shlykov , Mikhail E. Minyaev , Ilya V. Taydakov , Oleg A. Rakitin
{"title":"Investigation of molecular rotation's influence on twisted ICT states in a series of D-A-A1 organic dyes","authors":"Vladislav M. Korshunov , Timofey N. Chmovzh , Ivan V. Shlykov , Mikhail E. Minyaev , Ilya V. Taydakov , Oleg A. Rakitin","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer (TICT) phenomenon can, in some cases, lead to the formation of highly luminescent molecules. Such emitters require donor and acceptor units to be rotationally displaced in the ground state. However, the impact of molecular rotation in the excited state on the photophysical properties of compounds remains insufficiently understood. To bridge this gap, we synthesized and studied a series of donor-acceptor-acceptor (D-A-A<sup>1</sup>) organic dyes incorporating various chalcogenadiazole acceptors (A) and a cyanoacrylic acid acceptor (A<sup>1</sup>). Using spectroscopic analysis and TD-DFT calculations, we examined changes in electronic and geometric structures induced by subtle modifications in the acceptor units. Our findings reveal that compounds featuring an additional nitrogen atom in the ortho-position adopt a planar geometry in the first excited singlet state, leading to a blue shift in the emission spectrum while maintaining a high luminescence quantum yield of up to 63 % in cyclohexane. The results demonstrate that a planar excited-state geometry enhances ICT emission efficiency compared to a twisted configuration. Additionally, we identified a distinct solvatochromic behavior in the studied dyes. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the TICT mechanism and provide a new strategy for designing highly luminescent organic dyes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 112761"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of proton acceptors on the excited-state intermolecular proton transfer reaction of fluoranthene–urea compounds","authors":"Tatsuki Hoshino, Mahiro Okada, Yoshinobu Nishimura","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the effect of proton acceptors on the excited-state intermolecular proton transfer (ESPT) reaction of fluoranthene–urea compounds, three fluoranthene–urea compounds with different substituents were prepared. Photoexcitation of complexes composed of these compounds and proton acceptors in the ground state produced a normal form (N∗), and subsequent ESPT generated a tautomer form (T∗). Spectroscopic measurements of these complexes in the presence of tetrabutylammonium acetate (TBAAc) as a source of CH<sub>3</sub>COO<sup>−</sup> and tetrabutylammonium phosphate (TBAP) as a H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> source were performed. <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra showed that the 1-(fluoranthene-3-yl)-3-phenylurea <strong>(3FU</strong>) derivatives formed complexes with CH<sub>3</sub>COO<sup>−</sup> and H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> in the ground state through hydrogen bonding interactions. Time-resolved fluorescence spectra showed that the maximum fluorescence wavelength of the T∗ species containing CH<sub>3</sub>COO<sup>−</sup> did not change with time, whereas that of the T∗ species containing H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> shifted to a longer wavelength. These results indicated that in the excited state, the structure of T∗ with H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> might be different from that of T∗ with CH<sub>3</sub>COO<sup>−</sup>. Furthermore, the distribution of electron density of T∗ might be delocalized from the fluorescent moiety to the proton acceptor rather than being localized on the fluorescent moiety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 112763"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dyes and PigmentsPub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112769
Ziyan Wang, Changhai Yi, Lan Peng
{"title":"Direct electrochemical reduction enables sustainable, high-concentration dyeing of vat dyes","authors":"Ziyan Wang, Changhai Yi, Lan Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional vat dyeing methods are environmentally harmful, and low electron transfer rates limit the industrial adoption of green direct electrochemical reduction. Current electrochemical dyeing with vat dyes remains at the laboratory scale, with dye concentrations under 1 g/L. Here, we design a plate-and-frame electrochemical cell filled with carbon felt, achieving direct electrochemical reduction of CI Vat Yellow 1 at concentrations up to 100 g/L under simulated factory conditions. We analyze the effects of the cell structure and reduction conditions by examining the coloration of fabrics dyed with the reduced solution. After optimizing reaction parameters, we compare fabrics dyed with the electrochemically reduced solution to those dyed using traditional methods. The results show that the flow-through electrolytic cell effectively enables direct reduction of high-concentration dyes without reducing agents. Dyeing experiments reveal that the K/S value of fabrics dyed with the electrochemically reduced dye reaches 20.17, consistent with traditional dyeing outcomes. Additionally, the electrochemical method improves the fabrics' mechanical properties and reduces the dyeing cost by 8.6 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 112769"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dyes and PigmentsPub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112764
Zan Sun , Yinong Liang , Yarong Xu , Kaixin Zhang
{"title":"Synthesis, crystal structure, and sensing properties for Fe3+, Al3+, Cu2+, MnO4−, Cr2O72− and p-nitroaniline based on a 2D Cd coordination polymer","authors":"Zan Sun , Yinong Liang , Yarong Xu , Kaixin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A two dimension Cd coordination polymer, namely [Cd(CPPCA) (H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>n</sub> (<strong>Cd-CPPCA</strong>, H<sub>2</sub>CPPCA = 1-(4-carbxoylphenyl)piperidine-4-caboylic acid) has been synthesized under a simple one-step solvothermal process. <strong>Cd-CPPCA</strong> crystallizes in monoclinic crystal system <em>P</em>2<sub>1</sub>/<em>c</em> space group with <em>a</em> = 14.1188 (6) Å, <em>b</em> = 7.7599 (4) Å, <em>c</em> = 12.7353 (6) Å and <em>β</em> = 93.505 (4) °. <strong>Cd-CPPCA</strong> adopts a 2-nodal 2D net with a schläfli symbol of {8<sup>4</sup>.12<sup>2</sup>}{8}<sub>2</sub>. The 3D supramolecular structure of <strong>Cd-CPPCA</strong> was constructed <em>via</em> hydrogen bond (O–H⋯O) and π<strong>···</strong>π interaction between adjacent layers. As a promising sensing material, <strong>Cd-CPPCA</strong> exhibit excellent sensing ability for Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup>, MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>, Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2−</sup>, <em>p</em>-nitroaniline (<em>p</em>-NA) with highly sensitivity, excellent recyclability and lower detection limits. The possible sensing mechanism was also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 112764"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ACQ-to-AIE modulation through delicate donor-acceptor switch strategy for multi-functional AIEgens applications","authors":"Weiwei Zhang , Yu Cheng , Bing Xu , Yuejie Luo , Xuejing Su , Jingming Zhou , Xia Wang , Tong Wu , Nannan Chen , Hongqiang Qiu , Xiaoping Wu , Lijun Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of novel aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) has been a hot research topic due to their promising applications in biosensors, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and data storage, etc. In this study, two new rofecoxib derivatives, <strong>QE-DA</strong> and <strong>QE-D</strong> were successfully developed as novel AIEgens by exchanging the donor-acceptor (D-A) position or migrating the position of electron donor (D) group based on the fluorescent aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) structure of (<em>Z</em>)-5-benzylidene-3-(4-isocyanophenyl)-4-phenylfuran-2(5<em>H</em>)-one (<strong>QE</strong>). Next, single crystal X-ray analysis of <strong>QE, QE-DA</strong> and <strong>QE-D</strong> revealed that their molecular conformations and packing modes were mainly responsible for the AIE or ACQ behavior. Specifically, <strong>QE</strong> exhibits ACQ behavior, while <strong>QE-DA</strong> and <strong>QE-D</strong> display AIE behavior. These differences are determined based on key parameters such as the displacement angle (<em>θ</em><sub>1</sub>) and vertical distance (<em>d</em>). In addition, <strong>QE-DA</strong> and <strong>QE-D</strong> also showed solvatochromic effects as well as acidochromic properties with good reversible multi-stimulus behaviors. Moreover, their potential applications such as pH and water sensors as well as specific probes targeting lipid droplets (R = 0.98) were fully investigated. Taken together, this study provides two new design philosophies for achieving ACQ-to-AIE conversion by migrating the position of the D group or switching the position of D and A groups, and further presents the potential of these targets to be developed as water sensors, security ink and LDs-targeting probes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 112750"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}