Journal of International Cooperation and Development最新文献

{"title":"Drinking Water Contamination and Treatment Techniques","authors":"Waqar Ahmad Khan, Sanab Jan","doi":"10.36941/jicd-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"The earth's survival depends critically on water. Water is necessary for the body's metabolism as well as the synthesis, structure, and movement of cellular components, nutrients, and waste products. The contaminants in water disrupt the mechanism's spontaneity and cause long- and short-term diseases. In this review, the likely contaminations and their potential pathways are explored. Processes and methods to purify water are the product of ongoing scientific efforts. The review presents the technologies' concepts and potentials in an understandable way. Additionally, it contains some significant hybrid technologies and upcoming technologies that look promising. \u0000  \u0000Received: 13 March 2023 / Accepted: 29 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023","PeriodicalId":302999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Cooperation and Development","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122383830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European Union’s Integration through Democracy: A Different Sort of Europe","authors":"Ali Shaukat, Tian Ye","doi":"10.36941/jicd-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"The most pressing issue the European Union must address is how to best resolve tensions regarding integration in the areas of foreign policy, economics, and culture. The essay makes the case that one specific type of democratic integration is preferable to the two standard methods. This strategy is based on the actual democratic conciliation of integration practices that inhabitants actually participate in every day, but which are typically ignored and suppressed in the mainstream strategies. \u0000  \u0000Received: 25 October 2022 / Accepted: 30 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023","PeriodicalId":302999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Cooperation and Development","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127856616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Social-Ecological Model: Faith and the Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Risk in Low- and Middle-Income Countries","authors":"E. E. Obisike, Justina N. Adalikwu-Obisike","doi":"10.36941/jicd-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examined how the use of the social-ecological model may facilitate best practices while integrating faith in targeted prevention and management of cardiovascular risk in low- and middle-income countries as most faith-based health institutions in developing countries promote the integration of faith in their population-level disease prevention programs. Given the rigid practice of faith in low- and middle-income countries, we recommend the adoption of the social-ecological model, which emphasizes the consideration of the various levels of influence (such as intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy) and the concept that people’s social environment influences their behaviors. Our recommendation is based on studies from diverse cultures that suggest that targeted prevention and management of risk factors, such as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, might reduce morbidities and mortalities from cardiovascular diseases. This model is sustainable in low- and middle-income countries and aligns with the patients’ relationship with their creator and their neighbors while promoting best practices. \u0000  \u0000Received: 20 April 2023 / Accepted: 23 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023","PeriodicalId":302999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Cooperation and Development","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134123034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School-Based Assessment Practice of Junior High School Teachers in Bawku Municipality in the Upper East Region of Ghana","authors":"Fataw Sule Akugri","doi":"10.36941/jicd-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated teachers’ Classroom assessment practice in the Bawku Municipality in the Upper East Region of Ghana. The design the study adopted was descriptive. A Census survey was used and a total of 313 Junior High School teachers in the Bawku Municipality were involved. A questionnaire was used for the data collection. The statistical tools used for the analysis of the data were independent t-tests and ANOVA. The findings revealed no difference in the nature of SBA practices with regard to gender in the Bawku municipality. The findings also indicated that years of teaching did not influence the nature of SBA practices. The results also revealed that teachers’ academic qualification does not influence the nature of SBA practices. The study, therefore, recommended that Junior High School head teachers and supervisors of the schools in Bawku municipality should encourage teachers to continue to learn more about current development on SBA to be well informed with current guidelines regarding SBA. Finally, Bawku Municipality Education Directorate should continue to organize in-service training on SBA practices so teachers to further have more opportunities to design and explore the various component of Class Assessment Tasks (CATS). \u0000  \u0000Received: 13 March 2023 / Accepted: 27 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023","PeriodicalId":302999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Cooperation and Development","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122026589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Economic Determinants of Food Preferences and Dietary Diversity among People Living with HIV in Zimbabwe","authors":"T. Mushipe, L. Musemwa, V. Munyati, S. Ndhleve, M. Sibanda","doi":"10.36941/jicd-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Pandemics, droughts, natural disasters, global economic recession, hyperinflation and political chaos have resulted in unprecedented waves of food insecurity globally. In Zimbabwe, vulnerable populations suffer the most. Experiences of the interactions between natural disasters, HIV/AIDS and food security provide a useful framework to resolve complex challenges associated with pandemics. Pandemics’ impacts manifest in different ways in different contexts. The common factors of vulnerability are demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and these are closely associated with the degree of the impact of disasters and pandemics. Thus, a need for a thorough and deeper understanding of the nature of the vulnerable populations’ socioeconomic aspect, particularly in the relation to persistent global pandemics and disasters. HIV/AIDS have strong interactions with malnutrition and food security. Consumption of a nutritious balanced diet improves the well-being of people living with HIV. Using people living with HIV in Zimbabwe as a case, this study seeks to determine the associates of food preferences and dietary diversity that have important implications for vulnerable people living with HIV. A cross-sectional survey through randomly sampling 150 adults living with HIV from clinic ART registers from two major HIV prevalent hotspot Districts of Zimbabwe namely Makonde and Chegutu. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, food consumption patterns, preferences, dietary diversity and other socio-economic issues of the interviewed households. Frequency summaries were used to explain the food preferred by the respondents. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine socio-economic factors that determine food preferences and dietary diversity. Sadza, a staple food prepared with ground maize meal emerged as the most preferred food item (80,40%) and is a carbohydrate and beef was the most preferred source of protein (18.20%). The respondents show a lower preference for goat and sheep meat, freshly processed milk, sour milk and wild fruits with only 0.7% of the respondents showing a high preference for these food items. Food preferences vary between rural and urban areas (p<0.05). Urban dwellers had a higher DDS of 6 and their rural counterparts had a score of 3. The most common reason for the food preferences of urban respondents was the nutrient value of food whereas, for the rural respondents, it was affordability. Household size significantly affects food preference at a 10% significant level. As household size increased, food preference increased (p=0.099). Programmes that target improving health outcomes among households with people living with HIV should put into consideration the household location and size with a bias towards larger households in rural areas. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000Received: 13 March 2023 / Accepted: 25 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023","PeriodicalId":302999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Cooperation and Development","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126471369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Household Decisions on the Socio-Economic and Fertility Behaviour of Women in Rural Nigeria","authors":"C. Mbah, U. Isiugo-abanihe, E. Nwokocha","doi":"10.36941/jicd-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Household decisions are a major determinant of socio-economic and fertility behaviour of women in several parts of the world. In Nigeria, women’s participation in household decisions is low and accounts for negligible involvement of women in critical decision-making processes at the household level. Women in Nigeria, face discrimination, subordination, exploitation and relegation in several spheres of life. It has been observed that this discrimination against women is more pronunced in the developing African countries, Nigeria inclusive. In Nigeria, the culture of Patriarchy has aways set the parameters for unequal relationship between women and men regarding economic and reproductive health. It has been adjudged that women constitute about half of the population of Nigeria, yet there is inherently a pronounced level of discrimination of women's participation in the decision-making process regarding socio-economic and fertility behaviour of women themselves. This paper therefore attempts to x-ray the conceptual clarification of decision-making, overview of women's Participation in decision-making process, factors influencing women’s decision-making process, influence of household decisions on socio-economic roles of women, relationship between Household Decisions and Contraceptive use among Women, influence of household decisions on fertility outcomes of women, theoretical underpin of influence of household decisions on socio-economic and fertility behaviour of women, factors that supports significant changes in the influence of men’s dominance on women’s fertility, conclusion and as well proffer practical solutions to this ugly situation faced by Nigerian women. This papar therefore, argues that if the recommendations proffered in this papar are considered by the government as policy framework it will go a long way in the actualization of the global agenda on reproductive health and women empowerment by 2020. \u0000  \u0000Received: 30 May 2023 / Accepted: 28 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023","PeriodicalId":302999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Cooperation and Development","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129151229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Internet Adoption on International Trade: Evidence from Nigeria and Its Major Trading Partners","authors":"Abodunde Temitope Titus","doi":"10.36941/jicd-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the effects of internet adoption on international trade among Nigeria and its major trading partner. The study adopted a gravity model and sourced data from world development indicators (WDI) database between 1960 to 2020. Empirical findings from the study reveal that with regards to trade volume and trade intensity, on the average, United states of America is Nigeria’s largest trading partner followed by India, France, United Kingdom and China. Furthermore, the study revealed that the effects of distance, language, colony and contagion on international trade were insignificant. A plausible explanation could be that internet adoption to a large extent has made the world a global village and brought global technological transformation that has permeated all sectors of the economy. The study further found out that the gross domestic product of Nigeria and those of its major five trading partners significantly influence total export and import of goods and services. \u0000  \u0000Received: 27 May 2023 / Accepted: 27 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023","PeriodicalId":302999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Cooperation and Development","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122361026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practice of Continuous Assessment in Learning Business Studies in High Schools of Lubombo Region, Eswatini","authors":"Y. A. Faremi, S. Thwala, Nosipho T. Maziya","doi":"10.36941/jicd-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous assessment (CA) is designed to improve learners’ performance in their area of specialization and improve the teaching-learning process. The present study aimed to examine how the learners perceive the practice of continuous assessment in learning business studies in high schools in the Lubombo region of Eswatini. The study adopted a qualitative research approach using a phenomenological research design. Twelve participants were purposefully selected for the study. Data were generated using a semi-structured in-depth interview guide and analysed using content analysis in which the responses of the participants were categorized into themes and sub-themes. The results disclosed that learners had a positive perception of CA practice, and learning was improved through CA. Some of the learners perceive that continuous assessment creates an extra workload and is not frequently administered in recording their performance for the teacher to understand the learners' strengths in business studies before the final examinations at the end of the academic year. Based on the findings, it was concluded that learners had positive perceptions of continuous assessment in the learning of business studies and sensed continuous assessment as an effective way to learn business studies. A recommendation was made for teachers to administer continuous assessment regularly before the end of year examination. \u0000  \u0000Received: 4 January 2023 / Accepted: 29 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023","PeriodicalId":302999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Cooperation and Development","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122365632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of University Lecturers on the Availability and Accessibility of New Naira Notes in Nigeria","authors":"Atah Cletus Akpo, M. Chukwurah, Ushie Godwin Beshibeshebe, R. Y. Godwin, I. M. Idike, Ititim Donatus Ugbadu, Ochui Moses Orim","doi":"10.36941/jicd-2023-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2023-0017","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed the perceptions of university lecturers on the availability and accessibility of new naira notes in Nigeria. Two research questions and two research hypotheses were developed to guide the study in order to achieve the study's objectives. For the study, a survey research design was used. The study's population consists of 280 university lecturers from the three universities across the eighteen local governments in Cross River State who responded accidentally to the instrument. An 18-item questionnaire titled \"Perception of University Lecturers on the Availability and Accessibility of New Naira Notes in Nigeria\" (PULAANNNIN) was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by two experts, and the overall reliability index for the instrument was 0.92, which was obtained by using Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients. The collected data were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, percentage, and independent t-test. The findings of the study show that new naira notes were not available across bank counters, bank ATMs, and POS cash points. The findings also showed that there was no accessibility of new naira notes across bank counters, bank ATMs, and POS cash points in Cross River State, Nigeria. It was concluded that CBN should make the new naira notes available in commercial banks, bank ATMs, and POS cash points for easy accessibility by bank customers. Among others, it was recommended that the Central Bank of Nigeria increase its weekly withdrawal limit to the commercial banks to ensure the availability and accessibility of new naira notes in circulation. \u0000  \u0000Received: 15 March 2023 / Accepted: 28 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023","PeriodicalId":302999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Cooperation and Development","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128348993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Education Reform in Morocco Beyond the Imperatives of Determinism","authors":"Nabil Morchid","doi":"10.36941/jicd-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"The deterministic tradition abides by the principles of intuitionistic logic, in which the current state of all systems is determined by prior versions of what they are. Systemic determinism, where the present simultaneously substantiates pre-existing conditions and predicts imminent realities, has long championed the logic of the natural sciences, providing substance and legitimacy for an infallible cause-effect agency. Advocacy for deterministic agency is well sensed in the organization and administration of education. Many educational reforms are conceived with practices that espouse the logic of linear progression. The intent of this paper is to interrogate the legitimacy of the deterministic approach to educational reform in Morocco against its capacity to predict change. In particular, the outputs from five educational reforms carried out in Morocco over the 1999-2022 period were subjected to content analysis for obtaining data on the statistical distribution of changes in relation to three research dimensions: access to primary education, adult literacy and gender equality . In a later stage, the outputs from the quantitative analysis were optimized to enable inferential modes of analysis. The findings from this study revealed that systemic determinism is incapacitated by the principle of cause-effect agency that hyperbolizes the influences of the past on the imperatives of the present. \u0000  \u0000Received: 25 October 2022 / Accepted: 24 February 2022 / Published: 6 March 2023","PeriodicalId":302999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Cooperation and Development","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116511193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}