The Social-Ecological Model: Faith and the Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Risk in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

This paper examined how the use of the social-ecological model may facilitate best practices while integrating faith in targeted prevention and management of cardiovascular risk in low- and middle-income countries as most faith-based health institutions in developing countries promote the integration of faith in their population-level disease prevention programs. Given the rigid practice of faith in low- and middle-income countries, we recommend the adoption of the social-ecological model, which emphasizes the consideration of the various levels of influence (such as intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy) and the concept that people’s social environment influences their behaviors. Our recommendation is based on studies from diverse cultures that suggest that targeted prevention and management of risk factors, such as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, might reduce morbidities and mortalities from cardiovascular diseases. This model is sustainable in low- and middle-income countries and aligns with the patients’ relationship with their creator and their neighbors while promoting best practices.   Received: 20 April 2023 / Accepted: 23 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023