Tuberculosis Research and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"Patient Health Seeking and Diagnostic Delay in Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: A Hospital Based Study from Central India.","authors":"Manju Raj Purohit,&nbsp;Rajvi Purohit,&nbsp;Tehmina Mustafa","doi":"10.1155/2019/4840561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4840561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate the awareness, health care seeking behavior, and diagnostic delay in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in a resource-constrained setting from Central India.</p><p><strong>Setting and method: </strong>Questionnaire based interview of 1220 EPTB patients ≥14 years of age was conducted between July 2004 and August 2012 at Ujjain charitable Hospital, Ujjain, India.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 15% of patients had ever heard about EPTB and 2-4% knew about its prevention or treatment. Only 12% patients first sought medical advice while 49% patients practiced self-medication, 28% consulted traditional healers and 11% drug store/pharmacy. The median patient delay was 8 weeks (4.6-21.4 weeks). Majority (78%) of patients visited ≥3 health centers. Thirty-eight percent patients first visited any government health facility. Majority (97%) who first visited district and primary public health center were referred to private sector for investigations and 82% patients changed the consultation to private doctor after initial visit to public hospital. The median health system delay was 7 weeks (0.6-16.4 weeks).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients had very poor awareness of EPTB. Patients were referred from public to private sector in search of diagnostic facilities. Improvement of public awareness about EPTB and better public-private partnership may contribute towards reduction in diagnostic delay.</p>","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2019 ","pages":"4840561"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/4840561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37203118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Frailty Survival Model for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Mortality in Amhara Region, Ethiopia.","authors":"Ashenafi Abate Woya,&nbsp;Abay Kassa Tekile,&nbsp;Garoma Wakjira Basha","doi":"10.1155/2019/8742363","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2019/8742363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (MTB), is the main cause of death. It disproportionally affects those living in the different regions of countries and within the region. The aim of this study was to examine spatial variation of mortality and the risk factor of death on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients treated in different MDR-TB hospitals of Amhara region. The data for this study was used from multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients' record charts and analyzed using STATA software. The result of this study shows that 61 (29.47%) of the patients died, and the rest, 146 (70.53%), of the patients were censored at the time of the study. Out of 207 MDR-TB, 146 (70.53%) were males and 61 (29.5%) were females. This study revealed that there was no heterogeneity for death in patients treated in different hospitals. Older patients, therapeutic delay, alcohol use, any clinical complication previously not treated, HIV coinfection, and presence of any chronic disease were the risk factors that influenced the death of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2019 ","pages":"8742363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/8742363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36907776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematological Abnormalities of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients with and without HIV at the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Feven Abay,&nbsp;Aregawi Yalew,&nbsp;Agumas Shibabaw,&nbsp;Bamlaku Enawgaw","doi":"10.1155/2018/5740951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5740951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hematological abnormalities are common in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients, which is one of the major public health problems worldwide. However, there is paucity of information about the hematological profile of PTB patients with and without HIV in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess hematological abnormalities of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with and without HIV at the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Hospital. Sociodemographic data was collected using a pretested, structured questionnaire. Five milliliters of venous blood sample was collected and divided into a 3 ml EDTA tube for complete blood count with the Cell Dyn 1800 hematological analyzer and a 2 ml citrated tube for erythrocyte sedimentation rate determination. Data were entered into Epi Info version 3.5.3 and then transferred to SPSS 20 for analysis. The independent samples <i>t</i>-test was used to compare the mean values of hematological parameters between PTB patients and PTB-HIV coinfected patients.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 100 study subjects (50 PTB and 50 PTB-HIV coinfected) were included with a mean age of 31.3 ± 10.3 years for PTB patients and 32.1 ± 9.2 years for PTB-HIV coinfected patients. In this study, there were significantly lower mean values of Hgb (<i>P</i> = 0.049), platelet count (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and neutrophils counts (<i>P</i> = 0.007) among PTB-HIV coinfected patients when compared with PTB patients. Of the PTB infected patients 46% were anemic, 6% leukopenic, 22% neutropenic, 8% lymphopenic, and 8% thrombocytopenic. On the other hand, of the PTB-HIV coinfected patients 60% were anemic, 14% leukopenic, 66% neutropenic, 12% lymphopenic, and 20% thrombocytopenic. ESR value was increased in all patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated high prevalence of neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia among PTB-HIV coinfected patients. HIV coinfection worsens hematological abnormalities of PTB patients. Assessment of hematological parameters can be used as an indicator in the diagnosis and follow-up of PTB patients coinfected with HIV. We recommended assessment of PTB patients with or without HIV for various hematological disorders such as neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2018 ","pages":"5740951"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/5740951","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36907775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Next-Generation Whole Genome Sequencing: Opportunities and Challenges.","authors":"Thato Iketleng,&nbsp;Richard Lessells,&nbsp;Mlungisi Thabiso Dlamini,&nbsp;Tuelo Mogashoa,&nbsp;Lucy Mupfumi,&nbsp;Sikhulile Moyo,&nbsp;Simani Gaseitsiwe,&nbsp;Tulio de Oliveira","doi":"10.1155/2018/1298542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1298542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> drug resistance is a threat to global tuberculosis (TB) control. Comprehensive and timely drug susceptibility determination is critical to inform appropriate treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) is the gold standard for <i>M. tuberculosis</i> drug resistance determination. <i>M. tuberculosis</i> whole genome sequencing (WGS) has the potential to be a one-stop method for both comprehensive DST and epidemiological investigations. We discuss in this review the tremendous opportunities that next-generation WGS presents in terms of understanding the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis and mechanisms of drug resistance. The potential clinical value and public health impact in the areas of DST for patient management and tracing of transmission chains for timely public health intervention are also discussed. We present the current challenges for the implementation of WGS in low and middle-income settings. WGS analysis has already been adapted routinely in laboratories to inform patient management and public health interventions in low burden high-income settings such as the United Kingdom. We predict that the technology will be adapted similarly in high burden settings where the impact on the epidemic will be greatest.</p>","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2018 ","pages":"1298542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/1298542","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36853326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating an Education Program to Reduce Indeterminate QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube Results.","authors":"Saroochi Agarwal,&nbsp;Duc T Nguyen,&nbsp;Justin D Lew,&nbsp;Brenda Campbell,&nbsp;Edward A Graviss","doi":"10.1155/2018/7906846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7906846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube (QFT-G) assay is used to identify individuals with tuberculosis infection and gives quantitative and qualitative results including positive, negative, or indeterminate results (that cannot be interpreted clinically). Several factors, including immunosuppression and preanalytical factors, have been suggested to be significantly associated with indeterminate QFT-G results. An online education program was designed and implemented to reduce the rate of indeterminate QFT-G test results at Houston Methodist Hospital (HMH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from patients' electronic medical records having indeterminate QFT-G results between 01/2015 and 05/2016 at HMH in Houston, TX, were administratively extracted for (1) medical unit where QFT-G phlebotomy was performed, (2) demographics, and (3) ICD-9/10 diagnosis codes. Unit nurses identified with high proportions of indeterminate QFT-G results were emailed a link to an online pretest educational program with a QFT-G blood collection and handling presentation, and a posttest assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 332 nurses emailed, 94 (28.4%) voluntarily completed both tests within the 6-month time allotted. The nurses that completed the education program had a significantly higher posteducation test score than on the pretest (70.2% versus 55.3%, <i>p</i><0.001, effect size=0.82). Improved posttest score was seen in 67.0% of participants. No reduction in the proportion of indeterminate test results was seen overall at HMH in the 6 months after education.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A targeted education program was able to successfully increase nurses' knowledge of blood collection and handling procedures for the QFT-G test, but no association was found between the improvement of posttest score and indeterminate QFT-G test results.</p>","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2018 ","pages":"7906846"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/7906846","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36657904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of Dysglycaemia among Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patients in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ernest Yorke, Vincent Boima, Ida Dzifa Dey, Yacoba Atiase, Josephine Akpalu, Alfred Edwin Yawson, Vincent Ganu, Audrey Forson, C Charles Mate-Kole","doi":"10.1155/2018/1830372","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/1830372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The burden of both tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus in developing countries including Ghana is high; often, the two coexist and impact each other negatively. <i>Objective</i>. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictive factors of dysglycaemia among newly diagnosed smear positive tuberculosis patients at a tertiary tuberculosis treatment centre in Ghana. <i>Methods</i>. Dysglycaemia at diagnosis was determined by the use of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), while sputum smear microscopy was used to assess the sputum status. Only smear positive patients were included in the study. Information on sociodemographic, anthropometrical, clinical, and medication history was also obtained. <i>Results</i>. In all, 146 participants, aged 18 to 75 years with a mean age of 38.7 years comprising 115 (78.8%) males and 31 (21.2%) females, were involved in the analysis. Upon initial screening, using fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 91.1 % had normal fasting level, 5.5 % had impaired fasting, and 3.4% were diagnosed with diabetes. Using 2-hour postprandial values (2HPP), 59.6% had normal plasma glucose, 28.8 % had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 11.6 % were diagnosed with diabetes. Overall, the prevalence of dysglycaemia (i.e., impaired fasting and diabetes) was 8.9% (95% CI: 5.21-14.82%) with FPG test and 40.4% (95% CI: 32.68-48.65%) with 2HPP test. The analysis revealed that 2HPP was associated with high mean age compared to FPG (36.67 ± 13.97 versus 41.69 ± 13.97, p-value = 0.033). In addition, marital status was significantly associated with FPG status of patients (p = 0.028). <i>Conclusion</i>. The prevalence of dysglycaemia was high among smear positive TB patients in Ghana. Higher mean age and marital status were associated with abnormal glucose tolerance and fasting plasma glucose, respectively. Clinical management of patients with tuberculosis should include screening for diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2018 ","pages":"1830372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6174760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36647511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Fluoroquinolones for Tuberculosis in Victoria between 2011 and 2016.","authors":"Hugh Murray,&nbsp;Ee Laine Tay,&nbsp;Sarah Dinh,&nbsp;Helen Matthews,&nbsp;Alan Street,&nbsp;Justin T Denholm","doi":"10.1155/2018/6860479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6860479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Setting.</i> Tuberculosis treatment requires long regimens with multiple antibiotics and is complicated by antibiotic resistance and intolerance. Fluoroquinolones were introduced for the treatment of multidrug resistant TB and have become a vital part of therapy. <i>Objective.</i> Reviewing the indications for fluoroquinolones use in the treatment of active TB in Victoria, Australia. <i>Design.</i> This was a retrospective case-control study of Victorian patients prescribed fluoroquinolones for active tuberculosis, from January 2011 to December 2016. Indications for fluoroquinolone use were extracted from an existing public health database. <i>Results.</i> There were 2268 patients notified to have tuberculosis in Victoria between 2011 and 2016, 276 (12.2%) of whom received a fluoroquinolone. The indications were substitution when intolerance was present (33.3%) or anticipated (21.0%), proven drug resistance (22.5%), suspected drug resistance (13.0%), and site of disease (10.1%). Where fluoroquinolones were prescribed for suspected drug resistance, only a minority of isolates (13%) had resistance confirmed. <i>Conclusion.</i> Fluoroquinolones were most commonly used as replacement for first-line therapy related to adverse effects, when either present or anticipated. Where fluoroquinolones were prescribed for suspected drug resistance, only a minority of isolates ultimately had resistance confirmed. These findings reinforce the importance of fluoroquinolones in TB therapy and the need for ongoing pharmacovigilance to ensure appropriate use.</p>","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2018 ","pages":"6860479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/6860479","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36352828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smear Microscopy for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Eastern Sudan.","authors":"Yassir A Shuaib,&nbsp;Eltahir A G Khalil,&nbsp;Ulrich E Schaible,&nbsp;Lothar H Wieler,&nbsp;Mohammed A M Bakheit,&nbsp;Saad E Mohamed-Noor,&nbsp;Mohamed A Abdalla,&nbsp;Susanne Homolka,&nbsp;Sönke Andres,&nbsp;Doris Hillemann,&nbsp;Knut Lonnroth,&nbsp;Elvira Richter,&nbsp;Stefan Niemann,&nbsp;Katharina Kranzer","doi":"10.1155/2018/8038137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8038137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Sudan, tuberculosis diagnosis largely relies on clinical symptoms and smear microscopy as in many other low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the positive predictive value of a positive sputum smear in patients investigated for pulmonary tuberculosis in Eastern Sudan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two sputum samples from patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis were investigated using direct Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining and light microscopy between June to October 2014 and January to July 2016. If one of the samples was smear positive, both samples were pooled, stored at -20°C, and sent to the National Reference Laboratory (NRL), Germany. Following decontamination, samples underwent repeat microscopy and culture. Culture negative/contaminated samples were investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 383 samples were investigated. Repeat microscopy categorized 123 (32.1%) as negative, among which 31 were culture positive. This increased to 80 when PCR and culture results were considered together. A total of 196 samples were culture positive, of which 171 (87.3%), 14 (7.1%), and 11 (5.6%) were <i>M. tuberculosis, M. intracellulare</i>, and mixed species. Overall, 15.6% (57/365) of the samples had no evidence of <i>M. tuberculosis</i>, resulting in a positive predictive value of 84.4%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was a discordance between the results of smear microscopy performed at local laboratories in the Sudan and at the NRL, Germany; besides, a considerable number of samples had no evidence of <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. Improved quality control for smear microscopy and more specific diagnostics are crucial to avoid possible overtreatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2018 ","pages":"8038137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/8038137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36316845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Uptake and Associated Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Francine Mwayuma Birungi, Stephen Graham, Jeannine Uwimana, Brian van Wyk","doi":"10.1155/2018/8690714","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/8690714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the uptake of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) by eligible children in Kigali, Rwanda, and associated individual, households, and healthcare systems characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among child contacts of index cases having sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Data were collected from 13 selected primary health centres. Descriptive statistics were used to generate frequency tables and figures. Logistic regression models were performed to determine characteristics associated with IPT uptake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 270 children (under 15 years), who were household contacts of 136 index cases, 94 (35%) children were less than 5 years old and eligible for IPT; and 84 (89%, 95% CI 81-94) were initiated on IPT. The reasons for not initiating IPT in the remaining 10 children were parents/caregivers' lack of information on the need for IPT, refusal to give IPT to their children, and poor quality services offered at health centres. Factors associated with no uptake of IPT included children older than 3 years, unfriendly healthcare providers, HIV infected index cases, and the index case not being the child's parent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The National Tuberculosis Program's policy on IPT delivery was effectively implemented. Future interventions should find strategies to manage factors associated with IPT uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2018 ","pages":"8690714"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5960530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36181978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Chemoprophylaxis for Child Contacts of Drug-Resistant TB Patients Beneficial? A Systematic Review.","authors":"C Padmapriyadarsini,&nbsp;Mrinalini Das,&nbsp;Sharath Burugina Nagaraja,&nbsp;Mahalakshmi Rajendran,&nbsp;Richard Kirubakaran,&nbsp;Sarabjit Chadha,&nbsp;Prathap Tharyan","doi":"10.1155/2018/3905890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3905890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preventive therapy for child contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients is poorly studied, and no consensus about the role and the rationale of chemoprophylaxis has been reached.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct systematic review with an aim to determine the effectiveness of TB preventive therapy in reducing the incidence of TB disease in pediatric contacts of MDR-TB patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a literature search for randomized control trials, cohort studies, and case reports of chemoprophylaxis for pediatric contacts of MDR-TB patients in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Databases of Systematic Reviews, metaRegister of Controlled Trials, and other clinical registries through March 2017, using appropriate search strategy. In addition we searched abstracts from international conferences and references of published articles and reviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 153 references assessed from various databases, seven studies were identified as relevant after adaption of eligibility criteria and assessed for systematic review. Of these, only two studies contributed data for the pooled meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Though the available evidences suggest that the chemoprophylaxis for child contacts of MDR-TB patients is beneficial, data to support or reject preventive therapy is very limited. Further clinical research, in Tb endemic settings like India, needs to be performed to prove the beneficial effect of chemoprophylaxis for pediatric contacts of MDR-TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":30261,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment","volume":"2018 ","pages":"3905890"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/3905890","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36138555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}