Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture最新文献

{"title":"SCIENTIFIC RESTORATION OF WORKS OF DECORATIVE AND APPLIED ART IN THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER ART EDUCATION","authors":"Natalia Revenok","doi":"10.33838/naoma.30.2021.92-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33838/naoma.30.2021.92-106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The article is devoted to the issues of scientific restoration of works of decorative and applied art in the system of art education at the National Academy of Fine Arts and Architecture. The processes of formation and improvement of the experience of the artist-restorer for the preservation of historical and cultural monuments are defined. The importance of solving the cultural and professional development of the future artist-restorer in the field of restoration of works of decorative and applied art is emphasized. The topic studied by the author raises a number of issues of the methodology of studying works of decorative and applied arts in the research work of future artists-restorers. The purpose of the study is to develop and substantiate basic theoretical know­ledge in the field of research, restoration, conservation and storage of works of decorative and applied arts from metal, ceramics and organic materials. Training of restoration specialists is carried out in various educational and scientific institutions of Ukraine. At the present stage of development of scientific restoration, this industry needs innovative approaches and updating of old methods. Thus, at the National Academy of Fine Arts and Architecture you can get a specialty artist-restorer of monumental painting, artist-restorer of sculptures and decorative arts from metal, ceramics, organic materials (fabrics, leather and bone). Restoration occupies the most important place in museum work and combines a set of knowledge and skills that provide storage of works of art made of metal, ceramics and organic materials. Disciplines on the restoration of sculpture and works of decorative and applied art are part of the training of specialists in the specialty «Restoration of works of art» within the acquisition of practical skills in research, restoration, conservation and storage. Training of future artists-restorers in the system of higher professional education taking into account modern requirements of conservation and restoration is based on such principles as scientific, connection of theory with practice should be carried out on authentic monuments — museum exhibits that promotes formation of professional competences, acquisition of professional experience, responsible attitude to historical and cultural monuments. The obtained results deepen the idea of research methods, restoration and conservation of works of decorative and applied arts from metal, ceramics and organic materials. Theoretical provisions are important at the problem-theoretical level, because the training of restorers requires a strong scientific and methodological base.","PeriodicalId":302327,"journal":{"name":"Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132473392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CANONICAL STRUCTURE OF CONSTRUCTION OF ORTHODOX CHURCHES","authors":"V. Kutsevych","doi":"10.33838/naoma.30.2021.5-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33838/naoma.30.2021.5-13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Orthodox Church in a number of other Christian denominations is characterized by the stability of dogma and rituals, which in turn determines the symbolic significance of the subject environment of the church, the canonization of church paraphernalia and iconography. Thus, the canon, created on the requirements of the liturgy — the main action in the church, determines the structure of the church and the purpose of its premises. The article considers the creation of modern Orthodox churches based on the use of traditions and the formation of temple action in them as a synthesis of arts. Gaining Independence of Ukraine, the growth of self-awareness and the restoration of religious life put forward a number of major architectural tasks of building new, reconstruction of destroyed and restoration of temples adapted to other functions in the period of \"militant atheism\". Serious typo­logical problems are faced by architects who design modern sacred buildings and structures, as well as by urban planners, as this process has a significant impact on the urban situation in cities and villages, changes the public microclimate and infrastructure in the vicinity of temples areas. Despite the fact that the construction \"boom\" of the 90s of the twentieth century-calmed down a bit, the issues of typology and imagery of modern temple building remain relevant. The new urban policy on the development of spirituality and meeting the needs of religious orga­nizations is carried out in accordance with the Law of Ukraine \"On Freedom of Conscience and Principles of Democracy\" of April 23, 1991. № 988 (as amended in 1992–2019). Temple construction, as a special, but at the same time once significant part of the architectural activity of architects of Ukraine (pre-October period), is being restored. But this is a very complex process, based on the still insufficient practice of designing and building modern Orthodox churches, which requires the improvement of their typological and figurative solutions. On the basis of the author's research, practice of design and construction of sacred buildings and structures will be prepared the third edition of the design manual \"Cult houses and buildings of different denominations\", the provisions and requirements of which will contribute to the development of modern Ukrainian church building.","PeriodicalId":302327,"journal":{"name":"Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115702947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PARTICULARITY OF ARTWORKS BY VASYL KORCHOVYI VASYL","authors":"Ludmyla Lysenko, Olha Shpanko","doi":"10.33838/naoma.30.2021.52-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33838/naoma.30.2021.52-58","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This article explores Vasyl Korchovyi’s artistic heritage, his unparalleled style, and notable manner of working. Vasyl Korchovyi is a Ukrainian sculptor, graduate from National Academy of Fine Arts and Architecture, representative of the Academic school of sculpture creation. This sculptor has not been neglected today and is an often and widely recognizable guest and/or participant of/in numerous exhibitions, art competitions, and sculpture symposiums including the latest one, the Xth Kaniv International Sculptural Symposium (September–October, 2021). Despite that, his artworks have been discussed in a quite occasional and random way in artistic articles and other kind of publications. This is the reason of why this study focuses on the major subjects and gentres used by Korchovyi for his artworks, as well as on his manner and techniques for working with stone. The studу is one of the first-ever attempts to use the art criticism approach to evaluate three sculpture works by Korchovyi: with two of them being complete and one piece still unfinished: the work from the Kaniv sculptural symposium above. First, Altar of Dionysus, an indoor sculpture, carved of sandstone, is discussed. It depicts a bacchante, a woman who holds a bowl and a grapevine, with her hair ingrown in the branches and the two goat heads that flank the composition on both sides; the attributes associated with fer­tility, sweet delight and also with wild Dionysian origin, while calm or even being asleep at the moment. Second sculptural work is the tombstone of Vasyl Korchovyi’s father, Ivan Sobko. For this reason, its design is marked with Korchovyi’s personal feelings and sentiments. The composition of the sandstone-made sculptural part of the tombstone represents an angel with outstretched wings, inscribed in the area of a trefoil cross. The openwork pattern of weaves of winding shoots with remains of leaves in some places adds depth to the background framed with smoothly polished parts of the surface, where the figure of angel is located, and carefully surround the upper part of the medallion with a photo of the deceased one; the composition that brings the feeling of a deep anguish and imminence, the painful emotions to be eventually accepted.","PeriodicalId":302327,"journal":{"name":"Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130188984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EMPLOYING THE MATERIALS OF MUSEUMS OF THE WORLD FOR MASTERING VOCATIONAL VOCABULARY BY STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF THEORY AND HISTORY OF ART","authors":"S. Smolianinova","doi":"10.33838/naoma.30.2021.107-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33838/naoma.30.2021.107-113","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Involving exhibits of the world-famous museums in studying professional vocabulary at the lessons of foreign language for art critics. This article researches the process of modernizing traditional teaching methods and teaching methodology in the current situation of changes in education system of Ukraine and new laws and reforms, issued recently. Due to the fact, that Ukraine have been integrating into European society, alterations involve evaluation and main principles of teaching in the universities of Ukraine. One of them is targeting at studying vocational vocabulary rather than general English. This generates the need for researching and finding the new ways for teaching the students of a certain faculty and certain specialization. In order to make lessons of foreign language contemporary and increase their effectiveness and studying results, the general ways of teaching should be adapted for the students of different professions. The particularities of the profession must be taken into consideration and the chain of new exercises must be developed. This will lead to the increase of motivation and will make studying process more various and topical. The article contributes in the developing of teaching methods for the students of art critic faculty. It is based on the practical work and practical study. The ideas, given in the article, have been put into practice, developed and improved during the practical lessons. One of the fundamental differences between professional direction and teaching general English is involving real professional situations in studying process. The novelty of the article is in the fact that as the profession of art criticism is quite rare, so far very little information could have been be found and very little research has been made. Practical exercises, considered in the article, involve the work with exhibits of the most prominent world museums and galleries. These ideas are based on the fact that a museum should be an expected place of work for the future art critic. Painting analysis is the most important skill, which should be acquired while studying. Direct work with the texts, attached to museum exhibits has been suggested, analysis of the rare exhibits from private collections has been offered in the article. Exercises, involving various types of memorizing material and developing such language skills as speaking, listening, information proceeding have been researched.","PeriodicalId":302327,"journal":{"name":"Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131050344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AN IMMORTAL POEM IN THE WORKS OF UKRAINIAN ARTISTS","authors":"Petro Nesterenko","doi":"10.33838/naoma.30.2021.83-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33838/naoma.30.2021.83-91","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. For the first time, the article highlights the continued interest of researchers and artists in the memorial of ancient Russian literature of the end of the 12th century, \"The Tale of Igor’s Campaign\" at the present stage. The peculiarities of the decoration of editions dedicated to the poem performed by domestic artists in the second half of XX — beginning of XXI centuries are investigated. The pearl of ancient Russian literature of the end of the XII century, «The Tale of Igor’s Campaign» does not leave many generations of its admirers indifferent. The 200 th anniversary of the release of the monument of Ukrainian culture has passed, and the interest in the «The Tale of Igor’s Campaign» has not subsided. The magic of this work continues to attract new researchers and artists. Anniversary dates helped to increase interest in the landmark. On the occasion of the 150 th anniversary of the first printing of the poem, J. Hnizdovsky in New York illustrated and artfully decorated the anniversary edition. A quarter of a century the design and illustrations for the poem were performed by Kyiv’s I. Selivanov. G. Yakutovich’s editions, created in the Dnipro publishing house as souvenirs, look like real masterpieces. The engravings of G. Yakutovich were already heard in another edition of «The Tale of Igor’s Campaign», which came out of print in the Kiev publishing house Veselka in 2008. In 1989, the publishing house «Soviet School» published a thorough edition of «The Tale of Igor’s Campaign», illustrations, layout and decoration of which were made by V. Lopata, and the editing and notes by O. Mishanych. The artist’s works are multifaceted in composition and imbued with special drama and symbolism with expression. Equally interesting was the 2015 edition, commissioned by the State Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting of Ukraine under the Ukrainian Book program. Particularly noteworthy are the graphic works by V. Yefimov from Odessa and M. Bondarenko from Sumy region, who embodied their preferences and unique manners in the work on the poem.","PeriodicalId":302327,"journal":{"name":"Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131866372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SCENOGRAPHY AND COSTUME IN JAPANESE KABUKI THEATER: TRADITIONS AND MODERNITY","authors":"Olena Kovalchuk, Daryna Bogdan","doi":"10.33838/naoma.30.2021.45-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33838/naoma.30.2021.45-51","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The article explores the history of traditional Japanese Kabuki theater, the stages of its formation and the basic principles of dramaturgy in retrospective and in modern times, the role and symbolic value of costumes, as well as the general features of theater performances. The modern trends of the theater were analyzed and issues of the space of its scene were investigated. Obvious conservatism of kabuki and its fundamental dissimilarity to the theater of the European model were noted. The process of evolution of the Kabuki theater was studied, which responding to the challenges of modernity, acquires new elements and features, together give rise to the fundamentally new phenomenon in the theatrical art. It has been determined that the logic of construction and development of the theater and stage space in Japanese traditional Kabuki theater derived from the need for specific interaction between the performer and the audience. With the formation of the theater, its audience expanded at the same time, in particular due to the privileged strata. The premises of theater and its stage also evolved. Eventually, the design features of Kabuki theater space became not only a prominent element in the interaction between the performers and spectators, but also an important factor that predominantly determined the characteristics of dramaturgy. In Japanese Kabuki theater, such methods as makeup, hair pieces and costumes are simultaneously those means of expression that are necessarily included in the process of staging a performance, and determine its content and storyline, as well as determine the nature of the performer’s acting. These means are kind of sign and symbolic system, which has to be read by the spectator in order to fully understand the nature of performance. The peculiarities of the costume allow us to read in advance nature of the character in performance, to guess his or her actions, etc. The peculiarity of Kabuki is that the play script is dictated by the performers themselves, but not by the scriptwriter. The director as an independent figure in Kabuki theater comes to the first plan only in the modern era, and it is mostly characteristic of innovative and experimental theaters. It is worth noting that given the challenges of modernity, Kabuki still acquires new elements and features, together generating a fundamentally new phenomenon in the art of theater, and in general, Kabuki remains a traditional theater.","PeriodicalId":302327,"journal":{"name":"Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129821696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GRAPHIC LITERATURE: DEFINITIONS, HISTORY, COMPONENTS","authors":"Nataliia Belichko, Nadiia Marchenko","doi":"10.33838/naoma.30.2021.29-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33838/naoma.30.2021.29-37","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The article defines for the first time the concept of graphic literature a special kind of book and magazine graphics, which has become widespread in world art practice over the past century. It emphasizes that graphic literature combines elements of fine arts, literature, and cinema. It reveals the essence of graphic literature in the narrative of history through a sequence of images. It reviews the history of formation and development of this art form in world and Ukrainian art history. It outlines the specific features of graphic literature in certain countries. It gives the names of personalities who influenced its origin and spread around the world. The article is mainly focused on the analysis of the history of graphic literature development in Ukraine. It outlines the contribution of Ukrainian artists of the 20th century to its development. It emphasizes the reasons for the negative attitude to graphic works of literature in Soviet times. It considers in detail the spread of works of graphic literature in Ukraine at the beginning of the 21st century. It names Ukrainian personalities and specialized publishing houses that actively develop modern graphic literature. It outlines the basic structure, some important elements, and technique of graphic works. It emphasizes the similarity of the design of works of graphic and fiction. It reveals the main purpose of graphic literature in the most effective way to convey the main idea of a literary work to the reader and to get him/her interested with the help of visual images. It examines the genre diversity of graphic literature in Ukraine in the last decade. It analyses the dependence of the genres of graphic works on the age restrictions of the readership. It reveals the necessity to further study and analyse such graphic works from the art point of view. Graphic literature combines publications in which the narration is conveyed through hand-drawn and textual images in a certain sequence.","PeriodicalId":302327,"journal":{"name":"Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114799289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"«PORTRAIT OF A LADY» OF THE BOICHUCK SCHOOL FROM THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS AND ARCHITECTURE FUNDS. COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION RESULTS","authors":"Теtiana Tymchenko, S. Biskulova","doi":"10.33838/naoma.30.2021.120-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33838/naoma.30.2021.120-127","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The article features the results of the comprehensive examination of an outstanding piece from the Mykhailo Boуchuk school, «Portrait of a Lady» from the NAFAA funds. The research was done by the Associate Professor of the Department of the Technique and Restoration of Artwork of NAFAA, Tetiana Tymchenko, Ph.D, and the Leading Researcher of the Bureau of scientific and technical expertise «ART-LAB» Svitlana Biskulova, Ph.D, in connection with the planned restoration of the artwork. Since 2018, «Portrait of a Lady» has been attributed to Mykola Kasperovych (1885–1938), an outstanding painter, restorer and researcher. The reasoning is provided in the expert conclusion of the Head of the Ukrainian Art Department of the end of 19th — beginning of the 20th century of the National Art Museum of Ukraine Olena Kashuba-Volvach. The article lists the peculiarities of the techniques, technology, condition of the artwork from the NAFAA funds. In particular, it reveals the peculiarities of the preparatory drawing, imitation of the monumental art techniques by means of the easel painting, and individual techniques of working with paints. The paper specifies the time of the portrait creation, which indicates 1923 — probably, the year of the work creation, and the age of the lady from the portrait, 30 years. The technological examination of the portrait in the Bureau of scientific and technical expertise «ART-LAB» confirmed the dating of the work to the period of the 1920s – 1930s. The article clarifies important components of the portrait technology: in particular, it has been found that the ground is chalk-glue and the paints’ medium is casein-oil tempera; among the pigments the zinc white with an admixture of lead white, yellow and red ochre, Ivory black pigment (burnt bone), mixed green pigment (burnt bone and yellow ochre) were identified. The examination revealed the traces of restoration interventions of different times. The paper features a number of considerations regarding further research of Boychukists’ creativity from the point of view of technology.","PeriodicalId":302327,"journal":{"name":"Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128989795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROBLEMS OF TERMINOLOGY WITHIN THE CONCEPT OF «UKRAINIAN LAND ART»","authors":"K. Gamaliia, N. Lisova","doi":"10.33838/naoma.30.2021.38-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33838/naoma.30.2021.38-44","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Fundamental art studies in the field of land art are not yet available in Ukraine, and individual articles in periodicals do not reveal the principles of the formation of the actual Ukrainian art of the environment, its features and differences from abroad land art. To date, the phenomenon of Ukrainian land art has not received its own term and for thirty years in a row uses the borrowed foreign name «land art», while the uniqueness of domestic environmental art is an indisputable fact. The article considers the peculiarities of the formation of land art abroad and in the system of Ukrainian contemporary art. The analysis and clarification of terminology related to land art in Ukraine has been carried out. The author's term for the phenomenon of the Ukrainian land art is offered. The study found that the application of the foreign term «land art» to the domestic art of interaction with the environment is not exhaustive, because it does not reveal the full range of creative communication of artists with the environment and is too narrow in relation to it. At that time, the term «mystectvo dovkillja» («art of the environment»), introduced by P. Bevza, is too wide a range of artistic creativity, where «environment» is used in the sense of «environment» as one that contains the entire surrounding space. Therefore, it isn't inexpedient to apply the foreign term «land art» to the creative practices of Ukrainian artists. At the same time, «art of the environment» is too abstract a concept for the term «land art», which aims at a specific creative interaction with the earth. Environmental art aims to decorate and equip a person's place of residence, which expresses his utilitarianism and may include: both landscape art and landscape design and monumental art, site-specific art, ecological art, as preservation and repair of the Earth's resources, etc. Domestic artists work with natural materials in the natural environment in order to create a new art product. Accordingly, instead of the term «Ukrainian land art» it is appropriate to use the term «pryrodotvorche mystectvo» («natural creative art»), because the context of the Ukrainian art form is characterized by creative interaction with the natural environment and materials as a way to create a new art product. Theoretical research of the work is the basis for further in-depth scientific development of the problem, namely, the phenomenon of land art in the system of contemporary art of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":302327,"journal":{"name":"Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128663890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parking places built-into the lower ground floors of public buildings and structures. Architectural-planning and functional-technological requirements","authors":"V. Kutsevych","doi":"10.33838/NAOMA.29.2020.5-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33838/NAOMA.29.2020.5-11","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid processes of global motorization, which Ukraine has not avoided, have a growing impact on various aspects of modern society, on the formation of a new urban environment and transport system. At the same time, to create favorable conditions for Ukraine's integration into the EU needs to address infrastructural issues: the systematic organization of facilities for storing cars in general in cities with the provision of their architecture- accessibility, versatility, economy, energy efficiency and more. First of all, this applies to the largest cities, where about 45% of the total urban population of the state live. An acute urban and transport problem is the problem associated with the allocation of areas for transport facilities: parking lots (garages), gas stations, service stations and other car service facilities. In the absence of free space, the cost of urban land increases. Based on this, there is an urgent need to develop modern methods and techniques that allow more efficient use of land resources. One of the possible methods of solving the problem of organizing parking lots is to build them into the lower floors of public buildings for various purposes. The generalization of foreign and domestic design and construction practices made it possible to determine that one of the first examples of built-in parking lots (garages) are two 60-storey residential and office centers in Chicago (USA) on the shores of Lake Michigan, called Marina City (1964). The construction of these centers gave impetus to the architectural and planning organization of buildings and structures for the rational solution of parking in the lower above-ground floors of residential buildings and public buildings and structures. The article summarizes foreign and domestic practice of designing and building such parking lots. It is determined that with a high density of buildings in Ukrainian cities, the method of embedding in the lower floors of public buildings and structures is developing. This reception will be in demand especially in the transition of vehicles to electric vehicles. At the same time, the analysis of domestic regulations on the placement of parking lots revealed the absence of provisions on the possibility of embedding them in the lower above-ground floors of public buildings and structures. However, in the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) countries and in the developed countries of the world, such provisions exist, which helps to increase the level of comfort of public services and allows rational and intensive use of the city. Based on the results of research and suggestions, it should be noted that the practice of design and construc- tion reveals the possibility of applying the existing requirements of current state building codes of Ukraine for underground garages, which should be extended and for car parks (garages) located on the lower above-ground floors of other buildings, in particular public buildings. This requires changes a","PeriodicalId":302327,"journal":{"name":"Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133689987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}