{"title":"Recent trends in STING modulators: Structures, mechanisms, and therapeutic potential","authors":"Yan Zou , Min Zhang , Jinming Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase stimulator (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon gene (STING) signaling pathway has an integral role in the host immune response through DNA sensing followed by inducing a robust innate immune defense program. STING has become a promising therapeutic target associated with multiple diseases, including various inflammatory diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases, among others. Thus, modulators of STING are regarded as emerging therapeutic agents. Recent progress has been made in STING research, including recently identified STING-mediated regulatory pathways, the development of a new STING modulator, and the new association of STING with disease. In this review, we focus on recent trends in the development of STING modulators, including structures, mechanisms, and clinical application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"28 9","pages":"Article 103694"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1557216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Al Zein , Mona Boukhdoud , Hadi Shammaa , Hadi Mouslem , Lemir Majed El Ayoubi , Rabah Iratni , Khodr Issa , Maha Khachab , Hazem I. Assi , Amirhossein Sahebkar , Ali H. Eid
{"title":"Immunotherapy and immunoevasion of colorectal cancer","authors":"Mohammad Al Zein , Mona Boukhdoud , Hadi Shammaa , Hadi Mouslem , Lemir Majed El Ayoubi , Rabah Iratni , Khodr Issa , Maha Khachab , Hazem I. Assi , Amirhossein Sahebkar , Ali H. Eid","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The tremendous success of immunotherapy in clinical trials has led to its establishment as a new pillar of cancer therapy. However, little clinical efficacy has been achieved in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer (MSS-CRC), which constitutes most CRC tumors. Here, we discuss the molecular and genetic heterogeneity of CRC. We review the immune escape mechanisms, and focus on the latest advances in immunotherapy as a treatment modality for CRC. By providing a better understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the molecular mechanisms underlying immunoevasion, this review offers an insight into developing therapeutic strategies that are effective for patients with various subsets of CRC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"28 9","pages":"Article 103669"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3397904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pingyuan Wang , Ling Lv , Haoran Li , Chang-Yun Wang , Jia Zhou
{"title":"Opportunities and challenges in drug discovery targeting the orphan receptor GPR12","authors":"Pingyuan Wang , Ling Lv , Haoran Li , Chang-Yun Wang , Jia Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>G-protein-coupled receptor 12 (GPR12) is a brain-specific expression orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (oGPCR) that regulates various physiological processes. It is an emerging therapeutic target for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia, as well as other human diseases, such as cancer, obesity, and metabolic disorders. GPR12 remains a less extensively investigated oGPCR, particularly in terms of its biological functions, signaling pathways, and ligand discovery. The discovery of drug-like small-molecule modulators to probe the brain functions of GPR12 or to act as a potential drug candidates, as well as the identification of reliable biomarkers, are vital to elucidate the roles of this receptor in various human diseases and develop novel target-based therapeutics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"28 9","pages":"Article 103698"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2578072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei-Cheng Yang , Dao-Hong Gong , Hong Wu , Yang-Yang Gao , Ge-Fei Hao
{"title":"Grasping cryptic binding sites to neutralize drug resistance in the field of anticancer","authors":"Wei-Cheng Yang , Dao-Hong Gong , Hong Wu , Yang-Yang Gao , Ge-Fei Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drug resistance is a significant obstacle to successful cancer treatment. The utilization and development of cryptic binding sites (CBSs) in proteins involved in cancer-related drug-resistance (CRDR) could help to overcome that drug resistance. However, there is no comprehensive review of the successful use of CBSs in addressing CRDR. Here, we have systematically summarized and analyzed the opportunities and challenges of using CBSs in addressing CRDR and revealed the key role that CBSs have in targeting CRDR. First, we have identified the CRDR targets and the corresponding CBSs. Second, we discuss the mechanisms by which CBSs can overcome CRDR. Finally, we have provided examples of successful CBS applications in addressing CRDR. We hope that this approach will provide guidance to biologists and chemists in effectively utilizing CBSs for the development of new drugs to alleviate CRDR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"28 9","pages":"Article 103705"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10142778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faith A.A. Kwa , Bang V. Bui , Bruce R. Thompson , Lauren N. Ayton
{"title":"Preclinical investigations on broccoli-derived sulforaphane for the treatment of ophthalmic disease","authors":"Faith A.A. Kwa , Bang V. Bui , Bruce R. Thompson , Lauren N. Ayton","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vision loss causes a significant burden on individuals and communities on a financial, emotional and social level. Common causes include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa (RP; also known as ‘rod-cone dystrophy’). As the population continues to grow and age globally, an increasing number of people will experience vision loss. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop therapies that can curb early pathological events. The broccoli-derived compound, sulforaphane (SFN), is reported to have multiple health benefits and modes of action. In this review, we outline the preclinical findings on SFN in ocular diseases and discuss the future clinical testing of this compound.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"28 9","pages":"Article 103718"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359644623002349/pdfft?md5=8ab7da1cf66f67a6793e702e2f1ffbd0&pid=1-s2.0-S1359644623002349-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10146231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deepakkumar Mishra , Shilpkala Gade , Varun Pathak , Lalitkumar K Vora , Kiran Mcloughlin , Reinhold Medina , Ryan F Donnelly , Thakur Raghu Raj Singh
{"title":"Ocular application of electrospun materials for drug delivery and cellular therapies","authors":"Deepakkumar Mishra , Shilpkala Gade , Varun Pathak , Lalitkumar K Vora , Kiran Mcloughlin , Reinhold Medina , Ryan F Donnelly , Thakur Raghu Raj Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The constraints of delivering conventional drugs, biologics and cell-based therapeutics to target ocular sites necessitate the fabrication of novel drug delivery systems to treat diverse ocular diseases. Conventional ocular drug delivery approaches are prone to low bioavailability, poor penetration and degradation of therapeutics, including cell-based therapies, leading to the need for frequent topical applications or intraocular injections. However, owing to their exceptional structural properties, nanofibrous and microfibrous electrospun materials have gained significant interest in ocular drug delivery and biomaterial applications. This review covers the recent developments of electrospun fibers for the delivery of drugs, biologics, cells, growth factors and tissue regeneration in treating ocular diseases. The insights from this review can provide a thorough understanding of the selection of materials for the fabrication of nano- and/or micro-fibrous systems for ocular applications, with a particular interest in achieving controlled drug release and cell therapy. A detailed modality for fabricating different types of nano- and micro-fibers produced from electrospinning and factors influencing generation are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"28 9","pages":"Article 103676"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359644623001927/pdfft?md5=d5b3d5b5e9892da5601d699db50700cb&pid=1-s2.0-S1359644623001927-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10198375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan-Qin Huang , Shuang Wang , Dao-Hong Gong , Vinit Kumar , Ya-Wen Dong , Ge-Fei Hao
{"title":"In silico resources help combat cancer drug resistance mediated by target mutations","authors":"Yuan-Qin Huang , Shuang Wang , Dao-Hong Gong , Vinit Kumar , Ya-Wen Dong , Ge-Fei Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drug resistance causes catastrophic cancer treatment failures. Mutations in target proteins with altered drug binding indicate a main mechanism of cancer drug resistance (CDR). Global research has generated considerable CDR-related data and well-established knowledge bases and predictive tools. Unfortunately, these resources are fragmented and underutilized. Here, we examine computational resources for exploring CDR caused by target mutations, analyzing these tools based on their functional characteristics, data capacity, data sources, methodologies and performance. We also discuss their disadvantages and provide examples of how potential inhibitors of CDR have been discovered using these resources. This toolkit is designed to help specialists explore resistance occurrence effectively and to explain resistance prediction to non-specialists easily.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"28 9","pages":"Article 103686"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1557215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of bio-inspired nanomaterials for wound healing applications","authors":"Rabia Arshad , Mahtab Razlansari , Seyedeh Maryam Hosseinikhah , Aprajita Tiwari Pandey , Narges Ajalli , Amanda-Lee Ezra Manicum , Nanasaheb Thorat , Abbas Rahdar , Yangzhi Zhu , Tanveer A Tabish","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic wounds are ubiquitously inhabited by bacteria, and they remain a challenge as they cause significant discomfort and because their treatment consumes huge clinical resources. To reduce the burden that chronic wounds place upon both patients and health services, a wide variety of approaches have been devised and investigated. Bioinspired nanomaterials have shown great success in wound healing when compared to existing approaches, showing better ability to mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM) components and thus to promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Wound dressings that are based on bioinspired nanomaterials can be engineered to promote anti-inflammatory mechanisms and to inhibit the formation of microbial biofilms. We consider the extensive potential of bioinspired nanomaterials in wound healing, revealing a scope beyond that covered previously.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"28 9","pages":"Article 103673"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1756098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular and functional characteristics of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and its therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Satyam Pati, Avtar Singh Gautam, Mangaldeep Dey, Aman Tiwari, Rakesh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inflammation and cell death processes positively control the organ homeostasis of an organism. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a member of the RIPK family, is a crucial regulator of cell death and inflammation, and control homeostasis at the cellular and tissue level. Necroptosis, a programmed form of necrosis-mediated cell death and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced necrotic cell death, is mostly regulated by RIPK1 kinase activity. Thus, RIPK1 has recently emerged as an upstream kinase that controls multiple cellular pathways and participates in regulating inflammation and cell death. All the major cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) have been found to express RIPK1. Selective inhibition of RIPK1 has been shown to prevent neuronal cell death, which could ultimately lead to a significant reduction of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. In addition, the kinase structure of RIPK1 is highly conducive to the development of specific pharmacological small-molecule inhibitors. These factors have led to the emergence of RIPK1 as an important therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"28 12","pages":"Article 103750"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3023108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Steger-Hartmann , Annika Kreuchwig , Ken Wang , Fabian Birzele , Dragomir Draganov , Stefano Gaudio , Andreas Rothfuss
{"title":"Perspectives of data science in preclinical safety assessment","authors":"Thomas Steger-Hartmann , Annika Kreuchwig , Ken Wang , Fabian Birzele , Dragomir Draganov , Stefano Gaudio , Andreas Rothfuss","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The data landscape in preclinical safety assessment is fundamentally changing because of not only emerging new data types, such as human systems biology, or real-world data (RWD) from clinical trials, but also technological advancements in data-processing software and analytical tools based on deep learning approaches. The recent developments of data science are illustrated with use cases for the three factors: predictive safety (new </span><em>in silico</em> tools), insight generation (new data for outstanding questions); and reverse translation (extrapolating from clinical experience to resolve preclinical questions). Further advances in this field can be expected if companies focus on overcoming identified challenges related to a lack of platforms and data silos and assuring appropriate training of data scientists within the preclinical safety teams.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"28 8","pages":"Article 103642"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2578074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}