J. Malinowski, Bill Finley, Prakash Rao, R. Huddle
{"title":"DOE Motor And Drive Assessment Leads To Energy Savings For Power Drive Systems","authors":"J. Malinowski, Bill Finley, Prakash Rao, R. Huddle","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181145","url":null,"abstract":"Petroleum and chemical refining, along with all other process industries, utilizes a large number of electric motors to meet power demands. This paper will discuss results of an assessment survey of installed motors and drives performed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and funded by the US Department of Energy (DOE) [1], A key finding was that there are energy savings available with the addition of adjustable speed drives (ASDs). The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) is collaborating with the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA) and Cadeo Group to develop a prescriptive process to allow for rebates for Power Drive Systems (PDSs) consisting of a premium efficiency electric motor and an ASD. Most Efficiency standards NEMA MG 1 [2], or IEC 60034-301 [4] today focus on the efficiency of the components, with or without an ASD, rather than focusing on energy saving through optimized process management NEMA MG 10011 [3]. Organizations are now starting to instead look at the combined energy use of the PDS, especially on variable torque loads such as pumps, fans and compressors that are commonplace in process industries.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129812325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Pilon, P. Parikh, Thomas Wetmore, Brian Morgan
{"title":"Practical Use Of Protective Relays To Enhance Personnel Safety In Process Industries","authors":"Michael Pilon, P. Parikh, Thomas Wetmore, Brian Morgan","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181143","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of electrical equipment, flammable chemicals and high-pressure processes in the process industries has placed greater importance on the safety of employees and equipment. Protection relays used for providing reliable power to plant processes can further be utilized to create safe process operations. This paper highlights the enhancement of safety using a protection relay with specific applications of: Thermal-electrical monitoring of critical assets to detect connection hotspots or any intermittent arcing, which can potentially cause a hazardous arc flash event; Enabling the automatic setpoint group changes when personnel are in close vicinity of switchgear or enter into the electrical room; Lowering the sensitive and high-speed protection setpoints during the maintenance around the switchgear; Use of color LCDs to provide users with configurable single line diagrams and customized warning messages to activate when safety measures are enabled. This paper will provide guidance and deployment of safety technologies into the facilities.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126656991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. E. Guidry, Richard P. Anderson, J. Malde, Travis J. McClung
{"title":"Spacing Considerations Between Substation Buildings And Liquid Type Transformers","authors":"P. E. Guidry, Richard P. Anderson, J. Malde, Travis J. McClung","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181252","url":null,"abstract":"Substation buildings exist at every petrochemical facility; located at the incoming power high-voltage substation or switchyard through all levels of distribution downstream. Typically, large, liquid type transformers are located near these substations to step voltages down to levels required by process units or other loads. This paper examines current industry standard requirements and recommendations, fire considerations, and best engineering practices used when installing new liquid type transformers, or retrofilling existing liquid type transformers with several types of dielectric liquids. The scope of this paper is limited to in-plant power distribution outdoor transformers that have secondary voltages ranging from 480 V to 35 kV and are also limited to installations subject to ANSI/NEMA codes and standards.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123729549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel Method of Executing Main-Tie-Main LV Secondary Selective Systems","authors":"Gautami Bhatt, Matt Armand, V. Duong","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181270","url":null,"abstract":"Large industrial facility power distribution systems are typically designed as secondary selective schemes to increase system reliability and flexibility for the operator during maintenance. Existing Main-Tie-Main protection and control schemes utilize three microprocessor-based relays for the Automatic Transfer Switching (ATS), breaker control, Human Machine Interface (HMI) and electrical system protection. One protection relay is located at each of the three Main-Tie-Main (M-T-M) breakers, each communicating with the others over fiber or copper to perform the ATS operation. This paper proposes using only one (1) microprocessor relay to control all three (3) breakers as well as perform ATS, Electrical Control and Monitoring System (ECMS) Interface and HMI. Details of a Proof-of-Concept test proving this functionality is included. This scheme reduces the quantity of microprocessor relays by two-thirds for LV Main-Tie-Main schemes. Methods of retaining protection reliability and redundancy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129807897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What Are The Driving Forces In The Selection Of A Hazardous Location Electric Motor - Divisions Vs Zones?","authors":"R. Mistry, B. Mistry, W. G. Lawrence, P. Hamer","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181146","url":null,"abstract":"The National Electrical Code (NEC) [1] and Canadian Electrical (CE Code) [2] both discuss the installation requirements for an electric motor to be installed in “Division” or “Zone” hazardous locations. Also, both the NEC [1] and the CE Code [2] discuss the interchangeability provisions for “Division” and “Zone” area classifications, meaning that one can install a “Division” area suitable motor in a “Zone” area or vice-versa. Even though the interchangeability is permitted, the motor design, materials, and accessories may differ due to testing and marking requirements of the country-specific adaptations of UL, CSA, or I EC standards. These requirements impact the cost and delivery of the motor. Stock, or off-the-shelf products, may not be able to be utilized. This paper covers the design, construction, and testing differences between a motor that is “identified for use” in a Division 2 or a Zone 2 location, versus one that is not. Motor accessory devices and the end users’ perspectives are also included.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124183197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Case Study on Lifetime Assessment of Stator Windings in Large Machines that can be a Critical and Effective Tool in a Predictive Maintenance Plan","authors":"C. Pinto, Robert N.Strickler, Vijay Anand","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181280","url":null,"abstract":"The cost of an unexpected plant shutdown due to failure of critical equipment such as a large motor in the Chemical Oil and Gas process industry could have a significant impact on earnings. Failure surveys of motors in petrochemical plants have indicated that in motors rated over 2000 kW over 60% of all failures are attributed to stator windings. Additionally, the downtime involved in repairing or rewinding a stator could be considerable. Condition assessment and life time estimation techniques of stator winding could be very beneficial to determine the anticipated rate of degradation and estimate the existing and expected reliability till the next outage. A clear plan then could be devised for administering the necessary machine maintenance. This paper explains how such an approach helped to make the right maintenance and budget decisions and to minimize the risk of unplanned shutdown a 17,433 HP (13000kW) synchronous motor. This motor, which drives a compressor that’s critical to production, has been in operation since 2003 and has no spare. By adding the routine inspection of the stator winding to condition assessment and lifetime estimation techniques that estimate the amount of life consumed and the anticipated rate of degradation, this team has increased optimal asset reliablity and machine life","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132044479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Becker, Ing. Frank Lienesch, Florian Koch, D. Parman
{"title":"Challenges In Designing A 10 kV Skin Effect Trace Heating System","authors":"Paul Becker, Ing. Frank Lienesch, Florian Koch, D. Parman","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181254","url":null,"abstract":"A risk assessment for operating a skin effect trace heating system at 10 kVac in hazardous locations was conducted. The primary risk identified was the possible occurrence of electrostatic and partial discharges containing sufficient energy to trigger an explosion. Several skin effect insulated conductor (cable) designs were assessed against this risk by performing partial discharge measurements and ignition proof testing as a function of voltage and temperature. Certification according to the IECEx product scheme for increased safety “eb” was carried out by using I EC 60079-33 to allow incorporation of the type tests in IEEE Std 844.1-2017/CSA C22.2 No. 293.1-17 and by including the ignition tests from IEC 60079-7. It was found that the transferred charge could be substantially reduced by incorporating a semi-conductive shield around the insulation layer in the skin effect insulated conductor. With this shielded configuration, ignition in an explosive atmosphere did not occur up to the test voltages required for a 10 kVac rating.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122606911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of AC Substation Ground Grid Design and Calculations","authors":"Amnit Dhindsa","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181293","url":null,"abstract":"The most important purpose of a substation ground grid is to ensure personnel safety, hence a proper design is key. Many IEEE standards provide guidance in ground grid design such as IEEE Std 80 [1], IEEE Std 367 [2] and IEEE Std 142 [3]. Computerized software is available to model ground grids and soil layers using IEEE Std 80 as a guide. While software saves designers significant time compared to hand calculations, they may result in unrealistic values. For example, modeling of ground grids in bedrock without applying a compilation of many grounding standards can result in the ground potential rise exceeding the system voltage and an impractically high touch potential. This paper provides guidance in applying an amalgamation of IEEE Grounding Standards, along with engineering judgement, to achieve realistic models. Application of proper soil models, surface layers, Ufer grounds and split factors will achieve realistic results and a calculated ground grid resistivity that will closely reflect the measured value. The paper will also discuss modeling existing ground grids where design drawings are not available. The applicability of this paper would extend to end users, such as the oil & gas industry, and does not apply to the Utility industry.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125069227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marc Foxall, N. Luijk, Young Wee Lee, M. Seltzer-Grant
{"title":"Comparing On-Line Partial Discharge Monitoring Solutions For A Critical 6.6 kV Motor","authors":"Marc Foxall, N. Luijk, Young Wee Lee, M. Seltzer-Grant","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181144","url":null,"abstract":"Medium Voltage (MV) and High Voltage (HV) asset criticality is increasingly at the forefront of plant operator’s goals, with a view to preventing unplanned outages and maximizing uptime. Condition monitoring is integral to truly understanding asset condition and allowing remedial works to be scheduled and conducted at the most convenient times. In particular, on-line Partial Discharge (PD) monitoring of such motors and generators remains the best early warning indicator of stator winding insulation degradation. The authors present utilization of the latest On-Line PD monitoring technology, through a recent real-world pilot project conducted in South East Asia on a critical 6.6kV 9000HP Motor, whereby a combination of different sensors and locations were organized over an intensive 8-week period. The data from this pilot project is presented, including de-noising techniques and Phase Resolved Partial Discharge (PRPD) patterns for different sensor installations, concluded with a discussion as to the pros and cons of each solution. At the center of this pilot project is the goal to ensure technical performance of each sensor solution and improve the cost of ownership, particularly for installations where retrofitting sensors and providing communication can be challenging.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126836213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Matrix Converters: Challenges and Solutions","authors":"G. Mirzaeva, Yuan-Chyuan Liu","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181267","url":null,"abstract":"The advantages of high efficiency and reliability, as well as weight and loss benefits, make matrix converters an attractive option for AC/AC power conversion. This paper reviews the existing AC/AC converter solutions in mining industry and provides a detailed discussion of the main features and techniques associated with matrix converters. The paper explains the fundamental difficulties in satisfying the load side and the supply side performance objectives, simultaneously. The paper then discusses and compares several control options for matrix converters, including the recently proposed Comprehensive control. The latter shows advantages over other options and can be recommended for demanding industry applications. Findings of the paper are supported by detailed simulations.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127496431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}