B. Pandya, D. Haas, Anil M. Pandya, Lulian Constantin
{"title":"Considerations for the Protection of Adjustable Speed Drive Installations","authors":"B. Pandya, D. Haas, Anil M. Pandya, Lulian Constantin","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181297","url":null,"abstract":"As the use of adjustable speed drives increases in popularity, additional considerations must be made for adjustable speed drive assemblies. For medium- and high-voltage applications, some of these considerations are as follows:•Thermal protection of the motor being driven.•Decreased levels of fault current at the motor level.•Presence of unconventional multi-legged transformers to feed the drive.•Introduction of harmonic currents and voltages. This paper addresses how to protect an adjustable speed drive installation by breaking the application down into specific components: motor, drive, input mechanism, and feeder. The paper provides a brief background on the advantages and classifications of adjustable speed drives, followed by an overview of considerations for protecting adjustable speed drive feeders at different voltage levels. A real-world adjustable feed drive application fed from a high-voltage source is analyzed. Best design practices for selecting protection parameters are also shared.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115296830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compressor Applications In The Decarbonization Discussion","authors":"R. Kurz, Jay Mistry, M. McBain, Matt Lubomirsky","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181291","url":null,"abstract":"The emphasis on reducing the carbon footprint has led to efforts to use hydrogen and to decarbonize when fossil fuels are used. This creates a variety of new applications for gas compression: When hydrogen is generated, it must be compressed to the pressure needed in a pipeline, an engine or another user. In pipelines, hydrogen natural gas mixtures or pure hydrogen must to be compressed in booster stations. In the field of carbon capture, sequestration and usage, we find compressors to bring the captured CO2 to pipeline pressure, we have booster stations to compress it, and compression may be needed to sequester the CO2 in underground storage sites. Many, if not most, of these gas compressors are driven by electric motors. Given the foreseeable fluctuation in operating conditions, many of these will require variable speed motors. The paper will target the areas for carbon capture, transport and sequestration, and the topic of compression and transport of hydrogen.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115677501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Kay, N. Bhatt, Jeffery L. Fowler, David C. Mazur
{"title":"Taking Medium Voltage Motor Control Centers to New Levels of Safety","authors":"J. Kay, N. Bhatt, Jeffery L. Fowler, David C. Mazur","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181299","url":null,"abstract":"Medium voltage motor control centers, designed around the requirements of UL 347 [1], have been successfully utilized in the petrochemical industries for many decades. As they continue to provide consistent control of large medium voltage assets, they have also become key components within the intelligent control requirements of today’s complex petrochemical facilities. Through the incorporation of proven technologies employed in other safety-based products used globally, these control products can be moved beyond their traditional safety requirements specified by the current product design and testing standards. This paper will cover the implementation and utilization of these proven technologies that can provide additional levels of personnel safety within these traditional designs.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125168015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kent Zehr, Ken McConachie, Damon Gonzales, Eliot Castanza
{"title":"Advanced Electric Mining Dredge Designs","authors":"Kent Zehr, Ken McConachie, Damon Gonzales, Eliot Castanza","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181298","url":null,"abstract":"Electric mining dredges produced recently have benefitted from significant advances in the applied power systems protection and control and in the delivered safety of those systems on board. These advances also contributed to the simplification of the essential mechanical systems. Older designs are compared to newer designs and the various advantages are discussed. Normal and emergency states of the power systems on board are described and how the newer concepts have affected the transition between states is explained. The developed design concepts that have allowed these material advances are discussed so that their more general application may be understood. Some of the design drivers are of more general application than mining dredges, for example the necessity of being space conscious both from the standpoint of minimizing the structural requirements but also to allow highway transportation of significant assemblies. Another design feature influenced partly by the need for a compact design was to simplify the topology of the electrical design. By taking advantage of improved control features, the mechanical systems also benefitted, leading to higher reliability and a compounding effect on the physical size of the resulting assemblies. As a result of the continuous design development the safety of operators and maintenance personnel has been enhanced by providing better protection and control and the overall cost, reliability, and performance of the dredges have been significantly improved. In short, the innovative end product, ostensibly an ordinary medium-and low-voltage distribution system powering heavy mechanical equipment, is a fine example of what value engineering, unabridged commitment to “better”, practicality, and occasionally clever ideas can bring to otherwise low-profile aspects of plant or mining machinery design.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114570311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Practical Applications for the Essential Generator Monitoring and Protection System","authors":"Young-Seob Kim, Kezunovic Mladen","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181260","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is focused on the refurbishment projects for the generator protection and control system in SK energy, which is the largest refining and petrochemical company in South Korea. The paper reviews basic principles for generator protection. It also shares various field experiences and new ideas for the generator monitoring system, and the primary current testing method using a single power source for testing the step-up transformer differential protection relay.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129827443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. M. Vallejo, José A. Hernandez Batista, D. Shipp
{"title":"Lightning and Grounding Issues Impacting Safety and Performance of Liquified Natural Gas Supplied Power Generation Plants","authors":"J. M. Vallejo, José A. Hernandez Batista, D. Shipp","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181269","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will cover the lessons learned from performing multiple Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) power plant audits that were exhibiting nuisance tripping, personnel safety issues, and potential equipment failure. This paper will focus on a specific facility but include aspects of three (3) other sites as well. These investigations started out as forensic investigations but quickly moved into lightning and power system grounding audits based on evidence encountered. These audits covered improvement opportunities on lightning protection, transferred earth potentials, personnel step and touch potentials, safety, electronic grounding of generation controls and related LNG gas supply and complement the ground mat (or interconnected ground rod system) itself as the sole grounding installation. These audits of several installations provided specific recommendations regarding performance and dramatic reliability improvements as well as significant LNG plant safety improvements. Implementation and results of some of the ongoing suggested corrections will be presented.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123533296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DC and AC Microgrids for Mining Applications","authors":"G. Mirzaeva, Dmitry Miller","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181290","url":null,"abstract":"The commitment of mining industry to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions necessitates enhancements in operational efficiency, electrification, and renewable-energy use. An effective way to integrate renewable resources into a mining electrical system is to utilize microgrids. This paper reviews DC and AC microgrid technologies, with a focus on coordination mechanisms between distributed generators, to achieve equitable sharing of the load power demand.The paper then discusses a specific (current-driven) control strategy for DC or AC microgrids, which uses minimal (or no) communication. The paper shows that, under this strategy, distributed generators of different ratings act in a coordinated manner and exhibit identical, first-order dynamics. Furthermore, the microgrid control is stable in the presence of any load types.The paper further discusses integration of Power Line Communication into the current-driven load sharing control. This can be used to redistribute inequalities in distributed generation resulting from faults and changed conditions. The technologies discussed in the paper offer distinct benefits to mining and other industries. Findings of the paper are supported by simulations.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126109791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Approved, Listed, And Field Evaluated - Requirements For Low Voltage Electrical Equipment Used For Power Distribution And Motor Control","authors":"T. Sauve, Ken Sellars","doi":"10.1109/pcic42668.2022.10181285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pcic42668.2022.10181285","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to examine the various laws, regulations, and codes that are applicable to the approval of low-voltage electrical power distribution and motor control equipment. Electrical equipment needs to be approved to help ensure that is safe for its intended function. If equipment is not approved, it would result in delays in the execution of a project. This paper is primarily focused on requirements within the United States of America, with the expectation that users in other countries will then be able to identify the requirements in other countries. The paper helps to answer frequent questions such as: What does it mean for equipment to be approved? Does all electrical equipment need to be approved? Who can give approval for equipment? Is a Listing the same as approval? What to do if equipment is not approved? If a change is made in the field to equipment that is listed or labeled, does that equipment require field evaluation in order to be approved? If so, who can provide that evaluation? What are the consequences of using custom “homemade” equipment that is not listed?At the conclusion of the paper, the user should be able to answer each of those questions and be better aware of the approval requirements for low-voltage electrical equipment.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126171795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. T. Êvo, Arismar M. G. Júnior, C. Silva, Hélder de Paula
{"title":"Electrostatic Shielding for Bearing Current Mitigation - An Analysis of its Thermal Impact on the Motor","authors":"M. T. Êvo, Arismar M. G. Júnior, C. Silva, Hélder de Paula","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181279","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a study on the use of electrostatic shields to reduce bearing currents (both Electrostatic discharge machining and circulating currents), focusing on its thermal impact on the motor operation. 2-D finite element models are utilized to analyze the temperature distribution inside the coil winding slot of motors both with and without shielding. The results show that the shielding device can be used with a negligible influence on the temperature rise inside the slot. In addition, it is demonstrated that for some shield configurations, the stator winding eddy current loss can be attenuated. In such cases, the shield presence can also lead to a temperature reduction in the stator conductors. Furthermore, the developed models can be expanded to be used in the analysis of any other motor equipped with this type of solution, aiding the design and implementation of the shielding device. Keeping in mind that the majority of the motor failures are due to bearing problems, this paper contributes to the industry by addressing issues closely related to the reliability topic, such as solutions to increase the motor availability, which is the very case of the shielding device.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115285462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflections on a 50 Year Journey in Electrical Safety","authors":"H. Floyd","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181284","url":null,"abstract":"For more than 50 years, I have explored advancements in technology, safe work practices, management systems, and human and organizational performance as they relate to electrical safety. During this journey, I have seen annual electrocution fatalities decrease by more than 80% in the U.S. However, other industrialized countries have demonstrated significantly better results in reducing electrical fatalities, which suggests that a significant reduction in the U.S. is possible. This paper discusses the limitations of compliance-based safety management systems that have evolved in the U.S. over the past 50 years and how systems safety concepts can complement and improve the effectiveness of compliance-based electrical safety programs.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121589835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}