2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)最新文献

{"title":"Strategies for Increasing Energy Efficiency of Electrical AUX Loads in LNG and Petrochemical Facilities","authors":"S. Nambi, R. Ramsey, Matt Armand, J. Kaźmierczak","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181271","url":null,"abstract":"Liquified Natural Gas and Petrochemical facilities utilize onsite generation or utility power to supply the plant auxiliary loads including lighting, process heaters, pumps, compressors, fans, building Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning, Uninterruptible Power Supply etc. Power consumed by these plant auxiliary loads is a direct cost to the operating facility and minimizing the consumption can yield savings. A variety of strategies are available today including right-sizing and reducing losses in transformers, high efficiency motors, energy efficient prefabricated plant buildings, LED lights with smart controls, and solar street lighting. Implementation of such strategies can also help the user achieve their carbon reduction goals. This paper will explore such strategies from standpoint of ease of implementation, cost-benefit, and value to the end user. The goal is to provide a menu of options that may enable the user to choose the right combination of strategies to achieve their individual energy efficiency targets.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131575982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keep on Running—Select Motor Relay Settings to Balance Protection and Operation","authors":"Jim Payne, Edgardo Miguel, K. Bhuvaneshwaran, D. Haas","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181296","url":null,"abstract":"Electric motors are essential for industrial processes. Incorrect operation of motor protective relays could remove essential motors from service, resulting in economic loss due to process interruptions. Motor protection schemes should cause minimum process downtime while providing adequate protection. These schemes should allow operators to maximize process availability. Thermal overload protection is a critical part of any motor protection scheme. This paper presents methods to set the thermal overload trip and reset settings correctly and provides examples of their application to several real-world installations. It discusses how the thermal overload settings can be developed from the motor data sheets when available. It also discusses how the settings can be developed for retrofit applications where complete motor thermal information might not be available. Additionally, this paper discusses how these settings affect motor operation and provides case studies of real-world motors.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121873846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solving The Synchronization Problem of Line Start Permanent Magnet Motors","authors":"R. McElveen, Rick Budzynski, J. Jarvinen, William E. Martin","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181289","url":null,"abstract":"Three-phase, line start permanent magnet motors (LSPMMs) are attractive candidates to significantly reduce the energy costs associated with motors that do not require adjustable-speed operation. In their present state, LSPMMs cannot start moment-of-inertia (inertia) loads equal to those specified in National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association (NEMA) MG1 for general-purpose induction motors. The inertia values specified in NEMA SM1 for LSPMMs are 15 to 32 times lower than the values mandated by the induction motor standard NEMA MG1. LSPMMs should comply with starting current limits imposed on NEMA Design B induction motors. Starting currents for LSPMMs have not received much attention in the technical literature but present a major hurdle to their widespread application unless LSPMMs are designed to meet this demanding requirement. A novel tapped-winding stator configuration is presented that applies an electromagnetic flux boost near the synchronization threshold to improve synchronization capability while complying with NEMA Design B current limits. The tapped-winding, flux-boost connection is configured for a brief time interval as the rotor accelerates towards synchronous speed. The temporary flux increase results in significant improvement to inertia synchronization capability.A combination of closed-form analysis, simulations, and experimental testing are presented to confirm the validity and effectiveness of this new technique. The transition between “normal” and “tapped” connections can be implemented using mechanical or solid-state switches. If the switching is conducted appropriately, the instantaneous peak transient (IPT) current can be limited to comply with NEMA standard requirements. Experimental results of an LSPMM incorporating the novel flux boost concept are presented for a prototype 4 pole motor rated 50 hp(37 kW). The objectives of the prototype motor are to verify the ability to: 1) comply with NEMA MG1 maximum starting current limits, 2) significantly exceed federally mandated efficiency requirements, and 3) synchronize an inertia value that meets or exceeds NEMA MG1 standard requirements for a comparably rated induction motor. Successful completion of the three objectives demonstrates the ability of super high-efficiency LSPMMs to become “drop-in” replacements for today’s induction motors.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132214831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Assessment of Electrical Defects in MV Switchgear Using Partial Discharge Diagnostics","authors":"Amjad Hussain","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181273","url":null,"abstract":"Partial discharge (PD) diagnostic is regarded as a powerful method for diagnosing the potential electrical insulation defects in a medium voltage (MV) and high voltage (HV) switchgear. This paper proposes a method, termed as a risk-based approach, to identify the severity of several critical electrical defects in MVI HV switchgear based on partial discharge testing. To accomplish this, several defects have been artificially created in a MV switchgear. Testing was carried out to investigate the characteristics of PD signals using nonintrusive sensors. Accordingly, the specific PD intensity of the discharge pulse has been considered as stress parameters and then statistically modelled by suitable probability distribution. In this way, the probability of dielectric failure has been quantified. The consequences of dielectric failure, and hence the failure of the switchgear are given by the power outage cost and repair expenditures. The risk assessment is made by combing both of these factors. The estimated risk is an indication of the criticality of the fault and can be specified as low, medium, high, or maximum. In this way, the proposed approach can be easily adopted by asset manager for risk assessment of switchgear in the petroleum and chemical industries.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114800046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid ASD Comparison With Conventional - Significant Efficiency Improvements are Still Available","authors":"M. Chisholm, Manoj Biswas, Wissam Moubarak","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181142","url":null,"abstract":"High speed pump and compressor applications can frequently gain significant performance improvements when operated via an adjustable speed drive (ASD). By utilizing a fixed speed motor to provide a portion of the rated power (for example, 85%), two small servo motors (combined rating 15%) each connected to an ASD and an epicyclic gearbox, a high performance Hybrid ASD solution can show significant additional benefits beyond the conventional ASD approach. A detailed comparison between this hybrid system and a conventional system utilizing a fully rated ASD and a parallel offset gearbox based on a nominal compressor load of 10.9MW, 10,000rpm is presented in detail. Most notably, these benefits include an efficiency improvement in excess of two percentage points.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126302564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Torque Low Inrush Current Motor Design or Voltage Recovery Dependance for Loaded Start Conditions","authors":"Fredemar Rüncos, Michael Bachmeyer, Miguel Sarris, Adrain Stafford","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181292","url":null,"abstract":"With today’s increased focus on net-zero emissions, Oil & Gas companies around the world are working towards reducing flaring as much as possible to reduce the environmental impact.Topsides footprint and real estate inside electrical buildings is a luxury for new and existing facilities, so gear boxes, Adjustable Speed Drives (ASD), and other methods to reduce starting currents, are less desirable options. In the Industry there is a common misconception around low inrush current motors, regarding weight, kW and footprint increments, when compared with a typical direct on-line (DOL) induction motor with the same parameters (kW);This misconception assumes that the only benefit is the low inrush, but torque is jeopardized for low inrush motors. In this paper we will present the benefits of low inrush motors, and how higher torques can be achieved to clarify this misconception.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"2 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126045066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualizing Fault Induced Traveling Waves In Medium Voltage Systems","authors":"K. Prabakar, M. Lunacek, Y. Velaga, Akanksha Singh","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181263","url":null,"abstract":"Traveling waves are induced in power systems during most transient events in the grid. These waves travel close to the speed of light in overhead lines and 50% to 60% the speed of light in underground cables. Even though traveling wave-based protection schemes for transmission systems are available commercially, traveling waves in medium voltage distribution networks are still in research space. Compared to transmission system, medium voltage distribution systems contain more reflections and refractions. Thus, visualization is challenging and is critical in locating faults in distribution network. To address this visualization challenge, this paper presents an open-source tool to visualize the traveling waves using Bewley lattice approach. The developed visualization tool will be useful for the protection engineers to detect and triangulate fault locations in the medium voltage systems and isolate the faults.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129796873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Battery Storage Applications in the Petrochemical Industry","authors":"C. Oertli, D. Bushby, Joe Marquardt, C. Bates","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181265","url":null,"abstract":"With increased research, usage, and production, the cost of battery storage technology has significantly decreased in recent years, to the point where real economic benefit can sometimes result. This paper begins by providing a primer on battery storage which includes a discussion of common battery technologies as well as a number of battery energy storage systems (BESS) grid applications. Next, a discussion of process uptime within a petrochemical facility will help show the importance of electrical grid reliability and how BESS might help provide critical grid stability. Finally, a theoretical case study where a BESS is installed for spinning reserve will be presented showing the economic viability of this emerging technology.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116453924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Transformer Specification Based on Application and Rating","authors":"S. Nambi, Balakrishnan Mani, J. K. John","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181278","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s fast-paced world, technology is evolving rapidly and impacting every field. When it comes to transformers, the fundamentals haven’t changed, but there are several new innovations that can aid with maintenance, protection and increasing the life of the asset. IEEE C57.12.10 provides standard requirements for power transformers. Beyond the standard requirements, user specification can cover a wide range of design parameters and options. Applying the same requirements for the entire range of transformers on a project may lead to gold-plating and increased cost. On the other hand, critical applications may require more careful consideration and investment. Example of some common questions that may arise-Should one specify high temp fluids or stay with mineral oil? Should sealed type or conservator type preservation system be specified? How far can one deviate from standard impedance before it has a significant impact on cost? Is standard Basic Insulation Level (BIL) adequate or is enhanced BIL required? Should maximum core flux density be specified? Should one specify online monitoring? This paper will explore many of the parameters and options that can be selected and specified by users taking into consideration recommendations from IEEE and transformer industry best practices. The goal is to provide guidance based on rating and application that may enable users to optimize and bring the best value for their project.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134164652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operating in the ‘Danger Zone’: Contactor Dropout vs. Fuse Clearing Time","authors":"J. Webb, Andrea Delpozzo, Ilaria Dognini, C. Reuber","doi":"10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC42668.2022.10181277","url":null,"abstract":"The most common and economical arrangement for medium voltage motor controllers is to self-supply from the primary motor circuit. In this arrangement a short-circuit collapses the line voltage, causing the contactor to ’dropout’. For low-level faults which nevertheless exceed the interrupting rating of the contactor it is common for the dropout time to be faster than the clearing time for the fuse. Although this fault current is extremely unlikely to occur, no provisions exist in current standards to permit application of contactors in this manner. To prevent the contactor from attempting to clear a fault current above its rating, less than optimal fuses must be selected or complex and expensive supplemental power supply circuits are added to ensure the holding coil remains energized until the fuse clears the fault. The trade-offs of short-circuit clearing time versus rated current to achieve a take-over point below the interrupting rating of a contactor are illustrated. In response to a customer request, an alternative test procedure to demonstrate capability where contactor dropout precedes fuse clearing was performed; actual results of such tests are included.","PeriodicalId":301848,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE IAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC)","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116180166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}