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On the preferred orientation in Ti1 –xAlxN and Ti1–x–yAlxSiyN thin films Ti1 -xAlxN和Ti1 - x - yalxsiyn薄膜的择优取向
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-07-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.101095
D. Rafaja, A. Poklad, G. Schreiber, V. Klemm, D. Heger, M. Šíma
{"title":"On the preferred orientation in Ti1 –xAlxN and Ti1–x–yAlxSiyN thin films","authors":"D. Rafaja, A. Poklad, G. Schreiber, V. Klemm, D. Heger, M. Šíma","doi":"10.3139/146.101095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101095","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The influence of the deposition geometry and the chemical composition on the form and degree of the preferred orientation of crystallites was investigated in TiN, Ti1–xAlxN, and Ti1–x–yAlxSiyN thin films deposited by cathodic arc evaporation. The deposition geometry was varied by changing the angle between the cathodes and the substrates. The chemical composition of the thin films was modified by the choice of the cathodic materials. In TiN thin films, the crystallites were preferentially oriented with the {111} direction perpendicular to the sample surface, independent of the deposition geometry. Besides, a well-pronounced in-plane texture was observed. Co-deposition of Ti, Al, and Si in nitrogen atmosphere stimulated inclination of the texture direction towards the sample surface, which can be described as a change of the texture direction related to the sample surface perpendicular direction, and reduced the amount of the in-plane texture in the coatings (the preferred orientation of crystalli...","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128883462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Misorientations and geometrically necessary dislocations in deformed copper crystals : A microstructural analysis of X-ray rocking curves 变形铜晶体中的取向偏差和几何上必要的位错:x射线摇摆曲线的微观结构分析
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-07-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.101088
H. Mughrabi, B. Obst
{"title":"Misorientations and geometrically necessary dislocations in deformed copper crystals : A microstructural analysis of X-ray rocking curves","authors":"H. Mughrabi, B. Obst","doi":"10.3139/146.101088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101088","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the deformation-induced misorientations that are typically found in face-centred cubic single crystals deformed in single slip into stage II (and early stage III) of the work-hardening curve are discussed with respect to the experimentally observed broadening of X-ray rocking curves. By making use of well-established empirical relationships between characteristic features of the microstructure and the flow stress, some of the ambiguities of earlier interpretations of rocking curves could be avoided, and relationships between the half-widths of the rocking curves, the density of geometrically necessary dislocations, and the flow stress could be derived for both the tilt misorientations due to the kink bands lying perpendicular to the primary Burgers vector and the twist misorientations originating from the dislocation networks (grids, sheets) lying parallel to the primary glide plane. An evaluation of largely unpublished experimental rocking-curve data obtained on different crystall...","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130614562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Dependence of mechanical strength on grain structure in the γ' and oxide dispersion- strengthened nickelbase superalloy PM 3030 γ′和氧化物弥散强化镍基高温合金PM 3030机械强度与晶粒结构的关系
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.101080
M. Nganbe, M. Heilmaier, L. Schultz
{"title":"Dependence of mechanical strength on grain structure in the γ' and oxide dispersion- strengthened nickelbase superalloy PM 3030","authors":"M. Nganbe, M. Heilmaier, L. Schultz","doi":"10.3139/146.101080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101080","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The mechanical strength of the oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) nickelbase superalloy PM 3030 during deformation at constant strain rate (CSR) is discussed with special emphasis placed on its dependence on grain structure. In the fine-grain state the material shows a very high strength at low temperatures due to Hall – Petch type strengthening. However, the 0.2% offset yield strength σ0.2 falls off sharply at temperatures above 700 °C. Increase of grain size by isothermal annealing leads to a reduction of σ0.2 at low temperatures, but also to an increase of creep resistance at higher temperatures. Coarse and elongated grain structures essentially eliminate grain-boundary sliding and reduce diffusion-controlled void formation and, therefore, exhibit a superior strength level at elevated temperatures. The dependence of σ0.2 on grain structure results in a cross-over of the σ0.2 vs. T-curves within a narrow temperature range where all grain variants exhibit similar mechanical strengths. In accord...","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131069294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Blum 65 Years 沃尔夫冈·布鲁姆教授，65岁
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.050602
M. Göken, G. Eggeler
{"title":"Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Blum 65 Years","authors":"M. Göken, G. Eggeler","doi":"10.3139/146.050602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.050602","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125046020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of TiO2-SiO2 distribution on bimodal microstructure of TiO2-doped α-Al2O3 ceramics TiO2-SiO2分布对tio2掺杂α-Al2O3陶瓷双峰结构的影响
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-05-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.018138
M. Chi, H. Gu, P. Qian, Xin Wang, Pei-ling Wang
{"title":"Effect of TiO2-SiO2 distribution on bimodal microstructure of TiO2-doped α-Al2O3 ceramics","authors":"M. Chi, H. Gu, P. Qian, Xin Wang, Pei-ling Wang","doi":"10.3139/146.018138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.018138","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution of TiO 2 dopants and SiO 2 impurities in the bimodal microstructure of Al 2 O 3 with anisotropic and equiaxed grains is systematically analyzed using analytical electron microscopy (AEM). The TiO 2 -doped ceramic materials were hot-pressed at 1500 °C in a reducing environment. Different amounts of Ti solutes in the anisotropic or equiaxed grains were observed after removal of the contamination signal stemming from Ti on the surface. SiO 2 and TiO 2 exhibit a selective segregation behavior. The boundary between the equiaxed grains is segregated mainly by TiO 2 but the boundary at the (0001) basal plane of anisotropic grains is covered with a thin amorphous film made up of mostly SiO 2 . Precipitation of Al 2 TiO 5 occurs at high TiO 2 doping levels. A bimodal microstructure develops in three stages, characterized successively by segregation, solution, and precipitation. The preferential adsorption of SiO 2 to the (0001) basal plane initiates the anisotropic grain growth, starting at low TiO 2 doping level. At higher TiO 2 doping level, bi-level Ti solution occurs, either as a result of equilibration between segregants and solutes, or incorporated as transient Ti solutes in the anisotropic grains due to fast-moving fronts. Further doping starts Al 2 TiO 5 precipitation, which may result in de-wetting of the basal boundary, possibly due to a change of interface energy. The correlation and competition between segregation, solution, and precipitation characterize and dictate the evolution of microstructure, as monitored by the aspect ratio of anisotropic grains.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121029872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Analytical TEM study of microstructure-property relations in liquid-phase-sintered SiC with AlN-Y2O3 additives 添加AlN-Y2O3的液相烧结SiC显微组织-性能关系的TEM分析研究
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-05-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.018133
Rong Huang, H. Gu, G. Rixecker, F. Aldinger, C. Scheu, M. Rühle
{"title":"Analytical TEM study of microstructure-property relations in liquid-phase-sintered SiC with AlN-Y2O3 additives","authors":"Rong Huang, H. Gu, G. Rixecker, F. Aldinger, C. Scheu, M. Rühle","doi":"10.3139/146.018133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.018133","url":null,"abstract":"The microstructures of liquid-phase sintered SiC with AlN-Y 2 O 3 additives are systematically investigated by using transmission electron microscopy and analytical electron microscopy. Pure α-SiC as starting powder leads to fine, equiaxied microstructure. Introduction of oc-SiC seed crystals into β-SiC powder accelerates the β-to-α-SiC phase transformation through a solution-precipitation process and promotes anisotropic grain growth, which results in a plate-like microstructure. Core/rim structures were found in both cases as a result of AlN dissolution into the re-precipitated part of SiC grains. This changes the liquid composition during sintering and induces crystallization of Y 1 0 Al 2 Si 3 O 1 8 N 4 and Y 2 O 3 in the triple-pockets. Amorphous films were observed to wet both grain boundaries and two-phase interfaces. A low ratio of AlN to Y 2 O 3 in the sintering additive accelerates the devitrification of triple-pockets. Additional annealing can further devitrify the triple-pockets as well as the amorphous GB films, leading to a microstructure with potentially higher creep resistance.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121694989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Interfaces in nanosize perovskite titanate ferroelectrics — microstructure and impact on selected properties 纳米钙钛矿钛酸铁电体的界面-微观结构及其对选定性能的影响
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-05-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.018130
D. Hesse, M. Alexe
{"title":"Interfaces in nanosize perovskite titanate ferroelectrics — microstructure and impact on selected properties","authors":"D. Hesse, M. Alexe","doi":"10.3139/146.018130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.018130","url":null,"abstract":"Misfit dislocations in epitaxial Pb(Zr 0 . 5 2 Ti 0 . 4 8 )O 3 (PZT) nanoislands on SrTiO 3 (001) substrates are shown to involve strain fields that distort the PZT lattice in a tube of material with a cross-section of about4 nm x 8 nm around each misfit dislocation. As a consequence, 10 nm thin nanoislands -around half of their volume being distorted - are not ferroelectric. This finding corresponds to an impact of the interfacial dislocations on the ferroelectric size effect. Moreover, an interface-related, size-dependent imprint effect -i. e., a vertical shift of the ferroelectric hysteresis loop -was observed in polycrystalline PZT and epitaxial BaTiO 3 nanoislands. In result, interfacial engineering is indispensable to obtain nanostructured ferroelectrics with stable polarization and switching properties.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114566816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Dynamic observation of nanometer-sized island formation on the SrTiO3 (001) and (011) surfaces by in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy SrTiO3(001)和(011)表面纳米岛屿形成的原位高分辨率透射电镜动态观察
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-05-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.018139
S. Lee, M. Saito, F. Phillipp
{"title":"Dynamic observation of nanometer-sized island formation on the SrTiO3 (001) and (011) surfaces by in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy","authors":"S. Lee, M. Saito, F. Phillipp","doi":"10.3139/146.018139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.018139","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), we examine the formation and time evolution of the TiO islands on the SrTiO3(001) and (011) surfaces at 970°C. Titanium monoxide (TiO) islands are observed to form mainly on the SrTiO3(001) surface but rarely on the (011) surface, which indicates an interface energy anisotropy with interface plane orientations.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121443718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Stripe TEM as a method of calculating chemical profiles across interfaces between solids or core-shell structures using electron energy-loss spectroscopic profiling 条纹透射电镜是一种利用电子能量损失谱谱计算固体或核壳结构之间界面化学剖面的方法
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-05-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.018131
T. Walther
{"title":"Stripe TEM as a method of calculating chemical profiles across interfaces between solids or core-shell structures using electron energy-loss spectroscopic profiling","authors":"T. Walther","doi":"10.3139/146.018131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.018131","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Electron energy-loss spectroscopic profiling is a hybrid method between imaging and spectroscopy. It can be applied in a transmission electron microscope with an imaging energy filter operated in spectroscopy mode such that an image is recorded on a two-dimensional detector with an interface parallel to the energy-dispersive direction. This reveals directly, i.e., in one exposure, how a specific energy-loss near-edge structure varies across the interface. The aim of this work is to describe a method called stripeTEM to extract quantitative chemical profiles from spectroscopic imaging, discuss practical implementations, compare the method to more widely used nano-analytical techniques, and to present some recent applications to materials science. Measurements of diffusion and segregation in planar thin films as well as the observation of core-shell structures of nano-particles are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131804200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Investigation and modification of carbide sub-systems in the multicomponent Fe - C - Co - Cr - Mo - Si - V - W system 多组分Fe - C - Co - Cr - Mo - Si - V - W体系中碳化物子系统的研究与改进
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-04-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.018120
J. Bratberg
{"title":"Investigation and modification of carbide sub-systems in the multicomponent Fe - C - Co - Cr - Mo - Si - V - W system","authors":"J. Bratberg","doi":"10.3139/146.018120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.018120","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract New experimental phase equilibria information about the Fe–C–Co–Cr–Mo–Si–V–W system and sub-systems are presented and used to modify the thermodynamic description of the system. The main interest was focused on the composition of the MC, M7C3 and M6C carbides and the necessary adjustment between the carbide-forming elements. A new set of thermodynamic parameter values describing the Gibbs energy of different phases was obtained utilizing phase equilibria data from model alloys. A number of calculated sections of binary systems and ternary carbide systems are presented and compared to both new and old experimental information. Calculations of commercial alloys to verify the improvements in multicomponent systems are also presented. The present calculation using the Thermo-Calc software shows much better agreement with the new experimental results than previous assessments.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114403600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
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