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Effect of the γ′ volume fraction on the creep strength of Ni-base superalloys γ′体积分数对ni基高温合金蠕变强度的影响
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2003-05-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.030478
D. Mukherji, J. Rösler
{"title":"Effect of the γ′ volume fraction on the creep strength of Ni-base superalloys","authors":"D. Mukherji, J. Rösler","doi":"10.3139/146.030478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.030478","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Three single-crystalline Ni-base superalloys with varying content of the γ′ phase are investigated with respect to their microstructure and creep behaviour at 1000°C. It is shown by convergent beam electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy that the composition of the matrix and precipitates as well as the lattice misfit between both phases are similar for all three model alloys despite a variation of the γ′ content from about 50 to about 65%. This allows to study the influence of the precipitate volume fraction on high-temperature behaviour in separation from other microstructural parameters. Highest creep strength is found for the alloy with intermediate particle content (about 58%), which is significantly below the particle volume fraction of contemporary single-crystal superalloys such as CMSX-4.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116997360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Fatigue life and cyclic deformation behaviour of quenched and tempered steel AISI 4140 at two-step stress- and total-strain-controlled push - pull loading 调质钢AISI 4140在两步应力和全应变控制推拉加载下的疲劳寿命和循环变形行为
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2003-05-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.030492
V. Schulze, K. Lang, E. Macherauch
{"title":"Fatigue life and cyclic deformation behaviour of quenched and tempered steel AISI 4140 at two-step stress- and total-strain-controlled push - pull loading","authors":"V. Schulze, K. Lang, E. Macherauch","doi":"10.3139/146.030492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.030492","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The behaviour of steels at multi-step cyclic loading was explored up to now almost exclusively in fatigue-life-oriented investigations. Thus, only few works exist dealing with the cyclic deformation behaviour at two- and multi-step loading. Therefore, the cyclic deformation behaviour at two-step experiments with a single amplitude change (2-block experiments) and with multiple changes between two blocks of certain length and different amplitudes (multi-block experiments) was investigated in this work at the technically important steel AISI 4140 (German grade 42CrMo4).","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128284211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Otmar Vöhringer 65 Years Otmar Vöhringer 65岁
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2003-05-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.030469
T. Beck, D. Löhe
{"title":"Otmar Vöhringer 65 Years","authors":"T. Beck, D. Löhe","doi":"10.3139/146.030469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.030469","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122524955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phase transformations due to isochronal annealing of Mg - rare earth - Sc-Mn squeeze cast alloys Mg -稀土- Sc-Mn挤压铸造合金的等时退火相变
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2003-05-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.030553
B. Smola, I. Stulikova, J. Pelcová, F. Buch, B. Mordike
{"title":"Phase transformations due to isochronal annealing of Mg - rare earth - Sc-Mn squeeze cast alloys","authors":"B. Smola, I. Stulikova, J. Pelcová, F. Buch, B. Mordike","doi":"10.3139/146.030553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.030553","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Magnesium alloys containing rare earths (Gd, Y, Ce, ≈ 3–10 wt.%), Sc (< 1 wt.%) and Mn (≈ 1 wt.%) were squeeze cast. Electrical resistivity and hardness responses to isochronal annealing were measured in the range 20–580°C and phase changes responsible were identified by transmission electron microscopy. In alloys containing Gd and Y simultaneous precipitation of three phases takes place, namely the metastable c-base-centred orthorhombic phase (Mg–Y, Mg–Gd) in the form of prismatic plates, the thermally stable hexagonal Mn2Sc phase in the form of fine basal discs and a metastable hexagonal coherent phase, containing Mn and Y or Gd, in the form of very thin basal plates (missing in the Mg alloy with 10 wt.% Gd). In the Ce-containing alloy the Mg12Ce tetragonal phase, present after casting in various forms, transforms into a rod-like form. Simultaneously, fine Mn2Sc discs precipitate on basal planes and the grain boundary eutectic transforms to the equilibrium phases.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125133802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Analysis of mismatched heterointerfaces by combinded HREM image processing and modeling 结合HREM图像处理和建模的不匹配异质界面分析
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2003-04-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.030358
G. Möbus, A. Levay, B. Inkson, M. Hÿtch, A. Trampert, T. Wagner
{"title":"Analysis of mismatched heterointerfaces by combinded HREM image processing and modeling","authors":"G. Möbus, A. Levay, B. Inkson, M. Hÿtch, A. Trampert, T. Wagner","doi":"10.3139/146.030358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.030358","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lattice mismatched heterointerfaces are classified by a simple five parameter configuration space which allows to quantify the following properties: gradual partial coherence, distribution and localisation of misfit dislocations, anisotropy of strain fields, elastic dissimilarity of the lattices. HREM images are digitally processed into one-dimensional strain and Fourier spectrum profiles along the interface at selected distance from the interface. The interpretation of these profiles as a Fourier expansion of displacement waves is justified through a link to continuum modelling approaches presented earlier. Limitations and microscope conditions for this simple direct image interpretation approach are listed and discussed.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129789905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A thermodynamic assessment of the In-Se system In-Se系统的热力学评价
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2003-04-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.030381
Jingbo Li, M. Record, J. Tedenac
{"title":"A thermodynamic assessment of the In-Se system","authors":"Jingbo Li, M. Record, J. Tedenac","doi":"10.3139/146.030381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.030381","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental thermodynamic and phase diagram data of the In-As-Sb ternary system have been critically assessed. With the assessed thermodynamic parameters, the pseudobinary InAs-InSb phase diagram, the isothermal ternary sections and the thermodynamic properties are calculated and compared with the related experimental data.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126563863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Diffusion in polymer-derived Si-(B-)C-N ceramics, particularly amorphous Si29B9C41N21 聚合物衍生的Si-(B-)C-N陶瓷中的扩散，特别是非晶Si29B9C41N21
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2003-04-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.030419
T. Voss, A. Strohm, W. Frank
{"title":"Diffusion in polymer-derived Si-(B-)C-N ceramics, particularly amorphous Si29B9C41N21","authors":"T. Voss, A. Strohm, W. Frank","doi":"10.3139/146.030419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.030419","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The diffusion coefficients (D) of implanted radioisotopes – 71Ge, 31Si, and 11C – in the polymer-derived amorphous (a-)Si29B9C41N21 ceramic have been measured as functions of temperature (T) in different as-pyrolysed states (71Ge) or after pre-diffusion annealing at 1600°C for 2 h (71Ge, 31Si, and 11C) by means of radiotracer techniques, in which serial sectioning was done by ion-beam sputtering. In the cases of 31Si (half-life t1/2 = 2.6 h) and 11C (t1/2 = 20.4 min), implantation, diffusion annealing, and sputter-sectioning were done on beamline and in situ of a novel set-up specially constructed for diffusion studies of short-lived radiotracer atoms. In all cases, the T-dependencies of D are of Arrhenius type. Comparing the Arrhenius parameters of D(71Ge) to previous data on diffusion in (B-free) a-Si28C36N36, it is concluded that the diffusion of 71Ge in the a-Si29B9C41N21 ceramic is controlled by vacancies in its a-Si3N4-yCy phase which become increasingly smeared out when the C-content y dec...","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131814204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Thermodynamic Assessment of the Miscibility Gaps and the Metastable Liquidi in the Zn–Bi, Zn–Pb, and Zn–Tl Systems Zn-Bi, Zn-Pb和Zn-Tl体系中混溶间隙和亚稳液相的热力学评价
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2003-04-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.030390
S. S. Kim, T. Sanders
{"title":"Thermodynamic Assessment of the Miscibility Gaps and the Metastable Liquidi in the Zn–Bi, Zn–Pb, and Zn–Tl Systems","authors":"S. S. Kim, T. Sanders","doi":"10.3139/146.030390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.030390","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In monotectic systems, there are thermodynamic restrictions on compositions and temperatures below the monotectic where the equilibrium solid cannot form directly from the undercooled homogeneous liquid. In this region, the solid can form only after liquid–liquid phase separation has occurred. As suggested by earlier research, the thermodynamic restrictions on the solidification process may be useful to control the micro structure of rapidly solidified materials. Thus, it could be commercially important to understand the thermodynamic limitations on the formation of the solid in monotectic systems. The liquid miscibility gaps, metastable liquidi, and spinodal curves in the binary Zn–Bi, Zn–Pb, and Zn–Tl systems were assessed by using a subregular solution model to describe the Gibbs energies of the liquid phases. The present results were compared and discussed with other experimental and assessed data available in the literature.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132264656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Spreading of liquid Ag and Ag-Mo alloys on molybdenum substrates 液态银和银钼合金在钼基体上的扩散
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2003-03-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.030233
N. Rauch, E. Saiz, A. Tomsia
{"title":"Spreading of liquid Ag and Ag-Mo alloys on molybdenum substrates","authors":"N. Rauch, E. Saiz, A. Tomsia","doi":"10.3139/146.030233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.030233","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The spreading of liquid Ag and Ag–Mo alloys on molybdenum substrates has been studied, using a drop-transfer setup. Even though initial spreading velocities as fast as ≈ 1 m/s have been recorded in some experiments, a large variation in the spreading dynamics has been observed, and there is no unique relationship between the contact angle and the spreading velocity. This can be attributed to the formation of ridges at the triple junction, the movement of which controls spreading. The fastest spreading rates are consistent with results reported for low-temperature liquids; these can be described, using a molecular-kinetic model. Spreading kinetics and final contact angles were similar for pure Ag and Ag–Mo liquids.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"84 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116591961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Growth and Microstructure of Iron Nitride Layers and Pore Formation in ϵ-Fe3N ϵ-Fe3N中氮化铁层的生长、微观结构及孔隙形成
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2003-03-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.030333
C. Middendorf, W. Mader
{"title":"Growth and Microstructure of Iron Nitride Layers and Pore Formation in ϵ-Fe3N","authors":"C. Middendorf, W. Mader","doi":"10.3139/146.030333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.030333","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Layers of ϵ-Fe3N and γ′-Fe4N on ferrite were produced by nitriding iron single crystals or rolled sheets of iron in flowing ammonia at 520°C. The nitride layers were characterised using X-ray diffraction, light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The compound layer consists of ϵ-Fe3N at the surface and of γ′-Fe4N facing the ferrite. After 4 h of nitriding, pores develop in the near surface region of ϵ-Fe3N showing more or less open porosity. Growth of the entire compound layer as well as of the massive and the porous ϵ-Fe3N sublayer is diffusion-controlled and follows a parabolic growth rate. The γ′-Fe4N layer is formed as a transition phase within a narrow interval of nitrogen activity, and it shows little growth in thickness. The transformation of γ′-Fe4N to ϵ-Fe3N is topotactic, where the orientation of the closed-packed iron layers of the crystal structures is preserved. Determination of lattice plane spacings was possible by X-ray diffraction, and this was co...","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127444079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
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