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Fast penetration of Ga in Al : liquid metal embrittlement near the threshold of grain boundary wetting Ga在Al中的快速渗透:晶界润湿阈值附近的液态金属脆化
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.101163
E. Glickman
{"title":"Fast penetration of Ga in Al : liquid metal embrittlement near the threshold of grain boundary wetting","authors":"E. Glickman","doi":"10.3139/146.101163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101163","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The thermodynamic conditions for spontaneous grain boundary wetting and stress driven liquid metal embrittlement are related to each other and the kinetic mechanism responsible for fast GB penetration under small stress is described. The dissolution – condensation mechanism of liquid metal embrittlement and linear fracture mechanics for calculation of a crack profile are applied to the classical system “Al – liquid Ga”. The results tend to support the idea that the recently observed fast linear penetration of Ga along 150° tilt GB of Al should be considered as propagation of a liquid metal embrittlement crack under a small residual stress rather than as spontaneous grain boundary wetting. With the residual tensile stress σ ≈ 0.5 MPa acting normal to the GB plane, all major findings reported for this model system are explained in a semiquantitative way assuming that the GB spreading coefficient is extremely small by its absolute value, i. e. that the system is near the threshold of spontaneo...","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126745092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Grain boundary mobility under a stored-energy driving force : a comparison to curvature-driven boundary migration 储存能量驱动下的晶界迁移:与曲率驱动的晶界迁移的比较
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.101157
M. Taheri, D. Molodov, G. Gottstein, A. Rollett
{"title":"Grain boundary mobility under a stored-energy driving force : a comparison to curvature-driven boundary migration","authors":"M. Taheri, D. Molodov, G. Gottstein, A. Rollett","doi":"10.3139/146.101157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101157","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Grain boundary mobility has been measured in high-purity aluminum alloyed with 0.03 wt.% Zr using energy stored during plastic deformation as a driving force. In general, the dependence of mobility on grain boundary character was similar to that observed by previous authors with a maximum in mobility in the vicinity of the Σ7 type (38° ). The exact location of the mobility maximum varied, however, with temperature in a manner similar to that observed for curvature-driven mobility measurements. Although tilt boundaries exhibit high mobilities in general, the single peak at the Σ7 position at low temperatures changes to a double peak at high temperatures with a local minimum at Σ7. The combination of mobility variation and the thermal activation analysis of the results points to a compensation temperature effect. All these results suggest that grain boundary mobility is a true material property.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127099526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Werner-Köster-Preis 2004
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.050904
Lasar S. Shvindlerman, G. Gottstein
{"title":"Werner-Köster-Preis 2004","authors":"Lasar S. Shvindlerman, G. Gottstein","doi":"10.3139/146.050904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.050904","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129706309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Nanoindentation applied on a tungsten - copper composite before and after high-pressure torsion 高压扭转前后钨铜复合材料的纳米压痕
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.101140
T. Schöberl, I. Sabirov, R. Pippan
{"title":"Nanoindentation applied on a tungsten - copper composite before and after high-pressure torsion","authors":"T. Schöberl, I. Sabirov, R. Pippan","doi":"10.3139/146.101140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101140","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nanoindentation experiments were performed before and after severe plastic deformation of W–Cu composites at room temperature, 200, and 400 °C. The strains were induced by high-pressure torsion (HPT). For the highest degrees of deformation, a particle size of 10 – 20 nanometer was achieved. The nanohardness of copper increased remarkably with increasing deformation, the hardness of tungsten was enhanced only slightly. A temperature of 400 °C during HPT significantly lowered the Cu hardness, probably recrystallisation during HPT had taken place, the hardness of tungsten, however, kept unaffected. With decreasing particle size, the influence of the adjacent material on the measured properties increased as well as the scatter of hardness and modulus. Proceeding to verq small particle and grain sizes, the particles became smaller than the size of the indent. Thus, hardness and modulus values reflected some average over that of pure tungstef and copper.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133560321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Semi-flexible star-shaped molecules : conformational analysis of nano-segregated mesogens forming columnar liquid-crystal phases 半柔性星形分子:形成柱状液晶相的纳米分离介质构象分析
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.101130
S. Gemming, M. Lehmann, G. Seifert
{"title":"Semi-flexible star-shaped molecules : conformational analysis of nano-segregated mesogens forming columnar liquid-crystal phases","authors":"S. Gemming, M. Lehmann, G. Seifert","doi":"10.3139/146.101130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101130","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The structural prerequasites are investigated, which make star-shaped molecules suitable precursors for the formation of columnar liquid-crystalline phases. Electronic structure calculations on smaller mesogens show that not all conformers exhibit the atomistic structure, the stability against distortion, and additional dipole moments, which favour columnar stacking. For the presentlq studied compounds with short terminating alkyl chains, the calculations indicate that the sterac factor becomes dominant with increasing star size. Thus, the optimised geometric structures were employed to generate a simplified mathematical model of the structures, which accounts only for the sterac interaction in the larger stars. With the help of these diagrams, the most common conformers of star-shaped molecules can be derived in a systematic fashion.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116765966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Precipitation hardening in Mg-Zn-Sn alloys with minor additions of Ca and Si 微量Ca和Si对Mg-Zn-Sn合金析出硬化的影响
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.101144
S. Cohen, G. Goren-Muginstein, S. Avraham, B. Rashkova, G. Dehm, M. Bamberger
{"title":"Precipitation hardening in Mg-Zn-Sn alloys with minor additions of Ca and Si","authors":"S. Cohen, G. Goren-Muginstein, S. Avraham, B. Rashkova, G. Dehm, M. Bamberger","doi":"10.3139/146.101144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101144","url":null,"abstract":"Al-free Mg – Zn alloys with alternative alloying elements were investigated in order to form Mg – Zn-based alloys with improved thermal stability. Based on thermodynamic calculations, Zn and Sn additives are expected to form stable intermetallic phases with Mg and cause precipitation hardening. An Mg alloy containing 4.5 wt.% Zn and 3.8 wt.% Sn was examined in detail and subsequently alloyed with Ca and Si, in order to promote additional precipitation. The as-cast microstructure and its stability during exposure to elevated temperatures were investigated. Precipitation hardening was investigated in the temperature range of 175 – 250 °C by Vickers hardness measurements and analysis of the microstructure evolution, using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques. During aging at 175 °C for 1 to 96 h, two hardness maxima were observed: the first after 2 h, and the second after 16 h. The occurrence of two hardness peaks can be related to a precipitation sequence. Firstly, MgZn2 precipitates form, and secondly Mg2Sn. The results indicate that the precipitation mechanism is most likely diffusion-controlled. The precipitates are uniformly distributed in the Mg matrix with two morphologies: needle- and plate-like shapes. The addition of Si and Ca did not result in the expected effect on the precipitation behavior.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130590910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Thermodynamic assessment of the ternary Cu-Pb-O system Cu-Pb-O三元体系的热力学评价
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-08-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.101126
M. Cancarevic, M. Zinkevich, F. Aldinger
{"title":"Thermodynamic assessment of the ternary Cu-Pb-O system","authors":"M. Cancarevic, M. Zinkevich, F. Aldinger","doi":"10.3139/146.101126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101126","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The thermodynamic assessment of the ternary Cu–Pb–O system was carried out by the CALPHAD method. The thermodynamic properties of the phases are described using a compound energy formalism (CEF) for the various solid phases and an ionic two-sublattice model for the liquid. The thermodynamic parameters of the sub-systems Cu–O, Pb–O and Cu–Pb are adopted from recent assessments. Ternary interaction parameters of the liquid phase have been optimized on the base of the selected literature data (phase diagram and activity of oxygen). The ternary system shows a large liquid miscibility gap of peculiar shape, which connects to the miscibility gaps in each of the binary sub-systems. Calculated phase diagrams are compared with the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115430773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Thermodynamic and phase relation study of the Ni - Ge - O system in the solid state 固态Ni - Ge - O体系的热力学和相关系研究
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-08-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.101112
I. Katayama, Takamitsu Hori, M. Sakai, H. Numakura, T. Iida
{"title":"Thermodynamic and phase relation study of the Ni - Ge - O system in the solid state","authors":"I. Katayama, Takamitsu Hori, M. Sakai, H. Numakura, T. Iida","doi":"10.3139/146.101112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101112","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to clarify the phase relation in the Ni–Ge–O system and to obtain the activity of germanium in solid Ni–Ge alloys, phase equilibrium experiments and EMF measurements with a zirconia-based solid electrolyte are performed from 950 to 1100 K. The results are as follows: 1) Ni-rich alloys with less than 24.0 at.% Ge cannot coexist with GeO2 (tetragonal). 2) In solid Ni–Ge alloys with 24.0–44.7 at.% Ge, the activity of Ge changes sharply in the Ni5Ge3 phase region and the temperature dependence of the activity is very small. 3) Equilibrium oxygen partial pressures are obtained in the whole composition range in the ternary Ni–Ge–O system at 1050 K.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134280160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Dislocation structures in 16MND5 pressure vessel steel strained in uniaxial tension at −196°C - 196℃单轴拉伸下16MND5压力容器钢的位错结构
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-08-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.101118
K. Obrtlík, C. Robertson, B. Marini
{"title":"Dislocation structures in 16MND5 pressure vessel steel strained in uniaxial tension at −196°C","authors":"K. Obrtlík, C. Robertson, B. Marini","doi":"10.3139/146.101118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101118","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cylindrical specimens of bainitic pressure vessel steel 16MND5 were strained in uniaxial tension at a temperature of −196°C. Dislocation structure and surface relief were studied at 2.5 and 8% of plastic deformation and their evolution with increasing plastic strain is documented. Great heterogeneities were observed in the dislocation arrangements of individual laths. The dislocation substructure is dominated by short straight dislocation segments of the screw type and by dislocation debris. Dislocation clusters and walls can be seen with increasing deformation. Slip markings are wavy, and some of them become pronounced with increasing plastic strain.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115722602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Martensitic transformation, ductility, and shape-memory effect of polycrystalline Ni56Mn25-xFexGa19 alloys 多晶Ni56Mn25-xFexGa19合金的马氏体相变、延展性和形状记忆效应
Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde Pub Date : 2005-08-01 DOI: 10.3139/146.101110
Yun-qing Ma, Lihong Xu, Yan Li, Chengbao Jiang, Huibin Xu, Young‐kook Lee
{"title":"Martensitic transformation, ductility, and shape-memory effect of polycrystalline Ni56Mn25-xFexGa19 alloys","authors":"Yun-qing Ma, Lihong Xu, Yan Li, Chengbao Jiang, Huibin Xu, Young‐kook Lee","doi":"10.3139/146.101110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101110","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Buttons of high-temperature shape-memory alloy Ni56Mn25–xFexGa19 were prepared by arc melting under argon atmosphere. The specimens were hot rolled to 1 mm plates, and their martensitic transformation behaviors, ductilities, and shape-memory effects were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry and bending tests. It was found that the brittleness of polycrystalline Ni2MnGa was ameliorated through introduction of a ductile phase by Fe addition. Ni56Mn17Fe8Ga19 alloy shows great potential as a practical high-temperature shape-memory alloy with martensitc transformation start temperature above 200 °C. It can bear strain of 6% before fracture in bending tests and shows a maximum reversible strain of 3.5%.","PeriodicalId":301412,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128505816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
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