Polibotanica最新文献

{"title":"Clave para la identificación de las especies de Bursera Jacq. ex L. (Burseraceae) del Estado de Oaxaca (México)","authors":"J. Rzedowski, R. Medina-Lemos","doi":"10.18387/polibotanica.52.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.52.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49110474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estructura y diversidad del matorral espinoso tamaulipeco regenerado posterior a uso pecuario","authors":"A.M. Patiño-Flores, E. Alanís-Rodríguez, E. García-García, H. González-Rodríguez, Ó. Aguirre-Calderón, V. M. Molina-Guerra","doi":"10.18387/polibotanica.52.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.52.6","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock activity has caused a change in the plant structure of the communities in northeast Mexico. In recent years, the structure of the Tamaulipas thorn scrub has been studied after having been under some anthropogenic activity, but little research has addressed the issue of phylogeny to understand the assembly of species after the disturbance. In the present study, the objective was to evaluate the composition, structure and diversity of a regenerated plant community after livestock use with 36 years of regeneration. In addition, we evaluated if the phylogenetic Patiño-Flores, A.M.; E. Alanís-Rodríguez, E. Jurado, H. González-Rodríguez, O.A. Aguirre-Calderón y V.M. Molina-Guerra ESTRUCTURA Y DIVERSIDAD DEL MATORRAL ESPINOSO TAMAULIPECO REGENERADO POSTERIOR A USO PECUARIO STRUCTURE AND DIVERSITY OF THE TAMAULIPAN THORNSCRUB REGENERATED AFTER USE FOR LIVESTOCK Instituto Politécnico Nacional Núm. 52: 75-88. Julio 2021 DOI: 10.18387/polibotanica.52.6 Núm. 52: 75-88 Julio 2021 ISSN electrónico: 2395-9525 77 distance between individuals correlated with the physical distance. It is expected that the most related individuals are more distant from each other as a strategy to reduce competition. Four plots of 40 m x 40 m were established. For each individual > 1 cm basal diameter d0.10. Total height, basal diameter and crown diameter were measured in the north-south and east-west directions. For the phylogenetic analysis, Havardia pallens, Vachellia farnesiana and Zanthoxylum fagara were chosen as focal species and the physical distance in cm with its five closest neighbors was measured. Phylogenetic distance was estimated by Time Tree, between the focal species and its five closest neighbors. Fiftheen species were recorded present in two low and middle strata. With the phylogeny analysis, Vachellia farnesiana showed a negative correlation between physical distance and phylogenetic distance, making it a facilitating species for its closest neighbors.","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46776868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estructura y diversidad de especies arbóreas en un bosque templado del noroeste de México","authors":"J. E. Silva-García, Ó. Aguirre-Calderón, E. Alanís-Rodríguez, E. Jurado-Ybarra, J. Jiménez-Pérez, B. Vargas-Larreta","doi":"10.18387/polibotanica.52.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.52.7","url":null,"abstract":"density and richness of species with a total of 16 species and 8 Na ha -1 , while stratum III obtained the highest values with 29 species and 230 N ha -1 , the most dominant species were P. durangensis , P. douglasiana , P. oocarpa , P. herrerae and Q. crassifolia","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48180547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana de semillas de Leucaena esculenta y Leucaena leucocephala recolectadas en Tlayacapan, Morelos, México","authors":"A. Mora-Villa, R. Serrano-Parrales, R. Lira-Saade, M. Jiménez-Estrada, T. Hernandez-Delgado","doi":"10.18387/polibotanica.52.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.52.12","url":null,"abstract":"and methanol from the same plant material and reduced by vacuum distillation using a rotary evaporator. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was determined qualitatively and quantitatively in 20 bacterial strains, 3 yeast strains and 4 strains of filamentous fungi. In qualitative tests, antimicrobial activity was found in 6 bacterial strains (all of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli ), 1 strain of yeast fungi and 4 of mycelial fungi. Using the broth microdilution technique, Escherichia coli CUSI showed MIC values of 2000 and 3000 μg / mL for L. leucocephala and L. esculenta respectively and for Staphylococcus aureus CUSI, MIC = 4000 and 2000 μg / mL for methanolic extracts of L. leucocephala and L. esculenta respectively. The MBC values for the kinetics of death (6000 μg / mL for L. leucocephala and 4000 μg / mL for L. esculenta ) had a significant effect in the first 10 hours of treatment. Meanwhile, Candida glabrata was susceptible to methanolic extracts with MFC values of 4000 μg / mL ( L. leucocephala ) and 6000 μg / mL ( L. esculenta ). In radial growth inhibition technique, it was reported that the lowest values of CF 50 correspond to the acetonic extracts of seeds ( L. lecucocephala = 2.28 mg / mL and L. esculenta = 2.72 mg / mL) having a significant effect against strains Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Aspergillus niger , respectively. In qualitative tests for the determination of secondary metabolites, the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, monoterpenes, steroids, saponins and phenolic compounds were found, which report antimicrobial potential. The methanolic and acetonic extracts from the seeds of both guajes showed significant biological activity on different strains of bacteria and fungi, thus validating the medicinal use of this resource by the Tlayacapan community.","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44592927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micropropagación del lirio amazónico (Eucharis grandiflora Planch. & Linden) mediante organogénesis directa","authors":"F. A. Guerrero-Valencia, M. D. J. Juárez-Hernández, J. Ayala-Arreola, G. Ramírez-González","doi":"10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.51.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.51.9","url":null,"abstract":"R ESUMEN : El lirio amazónico ( Eucharis grandiflora Planch. & Linden) es una planta geófita de uso ornamental y se propaga a través de la división de brotes adventicios. No obstante, este método es limitado, debido a que un bulbo produce solo dos o tres hijuelos después de un año de cultivo, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación fue elaborar una metodología que permita la micropropagación de esta especie mediante organogénesis directa, y de este modo incrementar el número de plántulas nuevas en sistemas comerciales. Durante el establecimiento in vitro , se usaron explantes de 0.5 X 1.0 cm conformados por una porción del catáfilo y del disco basal y se cultivaron en el medio de Murashige & Skoog (MS) suplementado con 2.0 ml·L -1 de Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM™). Para la inducción y multiplicación de brotes adventicios se evaluó el efecto de la 6-bencil-aminopurina (BAP) en concentraciones de 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 medium (MS) supplemented with 2.0 ml·L -1 of Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM™). For the induction and multiplication of adventitious shoots, the effect of 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP) was evaluated in concentrations of 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg·L -1 and the number of new shoots every week was determined. The shoots obtained were subcultured in a medium without regulators to promote their development, and the sucrose content was evaluated in concentrations of 30 to 70 g·L -1 . For rooting, indol-3-acetic acid (AIA), indol-3-butyric acid (AIB), and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (ANA) were used, in concentrations of 0.3 and 1.0 mg·L -1 . Incubation conditions were a photoperiod of 16 light hours and 8 dark hours, at a temperature of 25 ± 2 ºC and a light intensity of 50 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 . The rooted shoots were acclimatized in pots with peat moss and were kept in a glass greenhouse with 50% shade. In the establishment, contamination of 30% was obtained. During multiplication, the use of 3.0 mg·L -1 BAP produced a maximum of 3.8 shoots per explant 35 days after culture. The best development of shoots was obtained with 50 g·L -1 of sucrose. In rooting, AIA, and AIB (0.3 mg·L -1 ) produced a greater root length. During acclimatization, 100% survival was obtained 50 days after transplanting and acclimatization.","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49517438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estructura y diversidad del matorral xerófilo en el noreste de México","authors":"Á. M. Reyna-González, P. S. Soto-Borrego, E. Alanís-Rodríguez, V. M. Molina-Guerra, A. Collantes-Chávez-Costa","doi":"10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.51.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.51.7","url":null,"abstract":"The structure and diversity of woody species in a plant community with livestock history was evaluated, which was excluded a ten years in the RENAC Conservation and Research Area, municipality of Linares in the Northeast of Mexico. A total of 10 randomly distributed sampling plot from 100 m 2 (10 x 10 m) were established. At the plots, arboreal and shrubby individuals with a basal diameter (d0.10) equal to or greater than 3 cm, corresponding to the original remaining vegetation were considered. To evaluate the regeneration (d0.10 < 3 cm) sites of 1 m 2 (1 x 1 m) were established in each corner and the center of the site of 100 m 2 . The total height (h), basal diameter (d0.10) and cup cover (N-S, E-O) were measured. The ecological Reyna-González, Á. M.; P.S. Soto-Borrego, E. Alanís-Rodríguez, V. M. Molina-Guerra y A. Collantes-Chávez-Costa","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43888734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency and genetic variability of Fusarium oxysporum mating types","authors":"E. Valadez-Moctezuma, S. Samah, M. Frausto-Romo","doi":"10.18387/polibotanica.50.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.50.3","url":null,"abstract":"FREQUENCY AND GENETIC VARIABILITY OF Fusarium oxysporum MATING TYPES idiomorph, from the same or different Fusarium species, coincided in the same field of several sites. Selected sequences of both idiomorphs showed greater divergence between species than within the same species. These changes were greater in the noncoding regions than in the coding regions. The variation of the mating type genes and the coexistence of both idiomorphs in the same agricultural site, point to a potential future change in the virulence of Fusarium isolates. In general, these findings will help to better understand the genetic variability of some Fusarium species in Mexico. studied, the 20 sites sampled, and the provenance of the isolates from two crops.","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46184160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustratos y dosis de fertirrigación en la acumulación de azúcares totales y el crecimiento de Agave salmiana (asparagaceae)","authors":"L. Arrazola-Cárdenas, J. R. García-Nava, A. Robledo-Paz, M. C. Ybarra-Moncada, A. Muratalla-Lúa","doi":"10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.50.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.50.8","url":null,"abstract":"leaf rosette S100-R7. plants of S100-R3, total the dry than in the mixture of volcanic rock and agave stalk. The total biomass dry weight and the aerial part were significantly higher in the plants grown in perlite and volcanic rock. The concentration of total sugars and glucose was higher in the plants that grew in pearlite and the mixture of volcanic rock and stalk, while the fructose and sucrose were lower in the plants grown in pearlite and the mixture of volcanic rock and stalk. The perlite substrate was more efficient and irrigated every third day with 25% of the concentration of the Steiner Solution in the plant growth of Agave salmiana . Those plants showed greater total dry weight, and number of leaves spread. The effect of the inert perlite and volcanic rock substrates on the variables total biomass dry weight and the part area, length and width of the plant leaves was significantly higher than in the mixture of the inorganic and organic substrates.","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41604051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plantas medicinales que se comercializan en el mercado 8 de julio y uno tradicional, ambos localizados en el centro de Actopan, Hidalgo, México","authors":"I. Villanueva-Solis, M. L. Arreguín-Sánchez, D. L. Quiroz-García, R. Fernández-Nava","doi":"10.18387/polibotanica.50.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.50.14","url":null,"abstract":"R ESUMEN : El conocimiento de las plantas medicinales que tiene la cultura otomí o hñähñu llega hasta nuestros días y parte de la transmisión se encuentra en los mercados a través de los vendedores de plantas, que a menudo también son curanderos regionales. Durante un año se solicitó información de las plantas medicinales vendidas en el mercado establecido 8 de julio y en el mercado tradicional o “tianguis”, ambos ubicados en el centro de la ciudad de Actopan, Hidalgo, México. Con base en entrevistas semiestructuradas previamente establecidas se preguntó a los vendedores entre otros aspectos, los usos de las plantas, parte utilizada, administración y contraindicaciones. Se compraron las plantas para la identificación y como resultados de éste trabajo, se reconocieron 29 familias, 55 géneros y 56 especies de vegetales que se comercializan en los dos mercados. Se entrevistaron a 52 personas, de las cuales 39 tienen relación con otomíes y 13 the plant they use occupy, administration and contraindication. Plants were purchased for identification. As a result of this work, 29 families, 55 genera and 56 species of plants that are commercialized in the two markets are recognized. Fifty-two people were interviewed, of whom 39 have a relationship with otomies and 13 who do not; 17 of them were men and 35 women, with ages ranging from 15 to over 60 years. The informants between 41 and 60 years have more knowledge. The plants sold in the markets cure 14 different types of diseases, including those of the digestive apparatus with 61, considering that more than one use is mentioned in the same plant, followed by those used for cultural syndromes with 35 references, those of the respiratory system with 26 citations and the urinary system with 20. The most commonly used parts are the leaves, flowers and the whole plant. The most used preparations are cooking followed by plant combination and the infusion. When obtaining the use value of each plant, the highest percentages were the epazote ( Dysphania ambrosoides 23.4%), lemon ( Citrus aurantiifolia 21.8%) and tila ( Ternstroemia sylvatica 20.3%). Twenty-one of the plants mentioned in this work have not been cited as medicinal in previous research in the state of Hidalgo.","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42144678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edible ethnoflora of the southern tepehuans of Durango, México","authors":"R. E. narváez-elizondo, M. González-Elizondo, M. González-Elizondo, J. A. Tena-Flores, A. Castro‐Castro","doi":"10.18387/polibotanica.50.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.50.15","url":null,"abstract":"R ESUMEN : Parte fundamental del patrimonio biocultural mexicano es el conocimiento tradicional sobre plantas comestibles. Actualmente existen avances significativos sobre la documentación de estos recursos a escala nacional; sin embargo, aún existen áreas geográficas y grupos étnicos escasamente estudiados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue sistematizar, analizar y discutir la información sobre plantas silvestres comestibles utilizadas por los tepehuanes del sur de Durango, México. En base a trabajo de campo, reportes técnicos de información etnobotánica y ejemplares de herbario, se generó una base de datos sobre aspectos taxonómicos, ecológicos y etnobotánicos de cada taxa registrado. La información se analizó en términos de composición taxonómica, riqueza, distribución ecológica, formas analyze and discuss information about edible wild plants used by the Southern Tepehuan of Durango, Mexico. Based on field work, unpublished ethnobotanical reports and herbarium speci mens, we generated a database that includes taxonomic, ecological and ethnobotanical information. These data were analyzed in terms of taxonomic composition, richness, ecological distribution, management and use patterns. Additionally, separate lists of edible wild plants reported in the literature were prepared for the other three main ethnic groups of the Sierra Madre Occidental and a comparative similitude analysis was carried out. For the Southern Tepehuan ethnoflora, a total of 122 species, 84 genera and 46 families were registered. Asteraceae, Cactaceae, Fabaceae Solanaceae account for 39% of the species. The richest genera are Agave (9 species), Opuntia and Physalis (4 species each), and Begonia , Dahlia and Tagetes (3 species each). Fruits are the part of the plants more used, raw food is the main form of consumption, and simple gathering the main management form. The comparison of this ethnoflora with that of the three other largest ethnic groups of the Sierra Madre Occidental (Huichol, Northern Tepehuan, and Tarahumara) suggests a similar richness and floristic patterns. The similarity analysis results indicate that the edible ethnoflora of the Southern Tepehuans is mainly related with that of the Huicholes, their geographically closest neighbors. This inventory fills an important information gap and is a basis to develop further research and strategies for the use and conservation of the biocultural heritage in Durango.","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47717939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}