Contexto Internacional最新文献_第5页

Trade Policy in Brazil: Causes and Consequences of Our Isolation 巴西的贸易政策:我们孤立的原因和后果

Contexto Internacional Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-8529.20224403e20210050

Luciene Soares Herculano

引用次数: 0

Still a Pragmatic Tool to Address Specific Problems? South American Regionalism and the Response to COVID-19 还是解决具体问题的实用工具?南美地区主义与应对COVID-19

Contexto Internacional Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-8529.20224402e20210049

K. Lehmann

{"title":"Still a Pragmatic Tool to Address Specific Problems? South American Regionalism and the Response to COVID-19","authors":"K. Lehmann","doi":"10.1590/s0102-8529.20224402e20210049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.20224402e20210049","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Regionalism in South America was once described to the author by a senior Brazilian Diplomat as a ‘pragmatic tool to address specific problems’. Yet, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in South America – the worst-hit region in the world – regionalism has been conspicuous by its absence as such a tool, despite the fact that international organizations and other actors have pointed to the urgent need for regional cooperation on the subject. What explains this lack of regional cooperation? Utilizing the conceptual frameworks of Complexity and Human Systems Dynamics, this article argues that regionalism in South America actually suffers from a lack of coherence. As such, some suggestions will be made throughout the article as to how to address this incoherence in response to COVID-19 and, as such, be able to address some of the specific challenges brought about by the pandemic. It is argued that the policy-focus should be very narrow, and that the focus should be on the economic impact and vaccines. Furthermore, the article suggests that regional cooperation should happen below the level of national governments. Some suggestions are made as to how this can be achieved. It is shown throughout the article that such narrow, and often sub-national focus can restore some coherence, which will allow for a more effective regional response to the worst pandemic experienced in 100 years.","PeriodicalId":30003,"journal":{"name":"Contexto Internacional","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74978765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Bringing the Critical Thinking Back in: A Critique of Andrew Linklater’s Theoretical Contributions to International Relations 回归批判性思维:安德鲁·林克莱特对国际关系理论贡献的批判

Contexto Internacional Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-8529.20224401e20200110

Fabiana Freitas Sander, Matheus Souza

{"title":"Bringing the Critical Thinking Back in: A Critique of Andrew Linklater’s Theoretical Contributions to International Relations","authors":"Fabiana Freitas Sander, Matheus Souza","doi":"10.1590/s0102-8529.20224401e20200110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.20224401e20200110","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Inspired by the Critical Social Theory put forth by the Frankfurt School, Andrew Linklater has dedicated part of his career to elaborating a critical and emancipatory research agenda for International Relations. However, his recent research on the restriction of violence in international society, mostly influenced by the English School and by Eliasian Sociology, has pushed Linklater away from an explicit engagement with critical epistemologies and theoretical approaches. Although there is a possibility for close dialogue between these theoretical strands, we claim that Linklater did not articulate these approaches as much as he could have done. Therefore, we make an assessment of his work to discuss some of its epistemological and theoretical inconsistencies. Based on this, we provide a way to bridge Linklater’s initial critical agenda with his most recent analyses on processes of violence restriction and regulation of global harm in the international realm. We argue that by focusing on multiple global processes that contributed to the restriction of violence, Linklater failed to consider the particularities, pitfalls and side-effects of allegedly beneficial processes of violence restriction and, as a result, his work lost critical potential. Accordingly, this article demonstrates how Linklater would benefit from going back to his initial critical agenda to address the limitations of his scholarship on global harm.","PeriodicalId":30003,"journal":{"name":"Contexto Internacional","volume":"10 18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78076943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MERCOSUR and Pacific Alliance Responses to the Pandemic 南方共同市场和太平洋联盟对大流行病的对策

Contexto Internacional Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-8529.20224402e20210076

Lorena Granja

{"title":"MERCOSUR and Pacific Alliance Responses to the Pandemic","authors":"Lorena Granja","doi":"10.1590/s0102-8529.20224402e20210076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.20224402e20210076","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper aims to identify the responses that regional institutions (MERCOSUR and the Pacific Alliance) have had to the Covid-19 pandemic. Taking into consideration perspectives from South American Regionalism Studies, the paper analyses the institutional responses of these regional arrangements from the onset of the pandemic in March 2020 up to March 2022. Despite South American regional governance having already been in crisis before the pandemic’s arrival, this paper aims to highlight firstly the incapacity of these institutions to take advantage of previous regional institutional capacities, and secondly that intergovernmental ideological convergence or divergence is crucial to reach regional agreements. The health, economic and social consequences brought on by the Covid-19 pandemic would have been better managed with regional policy co-ordination. First, the paper analyses the situation of regional governance in the pre-pandemic context. Regionalism’s crisis is made manifest on the fragmentation of previous ideological intergovernmental convergence. Subsequently, an analysis centred on the empirical exercise of mapping the MERCOSUR and Pacific Alliance responses will follow. The differences between the two cases’ responses to the crisis and their consequences for regional governance will be highlighted with data from the content analysis strategy used to study the cases.","PeriodicalId":30003,"journal":{"name":"Contexto Internacional","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91001296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

U.S. Hegemony in Latin America: The Southern Command as an Instrument of Consensus and Coercion 美国在拉丁美洲的霸权:南方司令部作为共识和胁迫的工具

Contexto Internacional Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-8529.20224403e20210038

C. Vidal, Luciana Wietchikoski

引用次数: 0

EU-LAC Inter-regionalism during the COVID-19 Pandemic 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间的欧盟-拉丁美洲区域间合作

Contexto Internacional Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-8529.20224402e20210004

Bruno Theodoro Luciano

{"title":"EU-LAC Inter-regionalism during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Bruno Theodoro Luciano","doi":"10.1590/s0102-8529.20224402e20210004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.20224402e20210004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has shown a variety of responses from countries of the two regions, ranging from denialism to regional health cooperation. This article aims to assess how these reactions have impacted European Union (EU) and Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) inter-regional relations, considering multiple and sometimes incompatible approaches taken by national and regional actors. The article contends that the existence of contrasting approaches – coupled with previous institutional and political challenges faced by the EU and LAC regional organisations – have undermined the convergence of national health policies into regional ones, and the promotion of multilateral responses and institutions in a post-pandemic world. First, focus is given to the main characteristics and institutional features of contemporary EU-LAC relations, usually conceived as a multidimensional and multi-tier relationship. Second, it introduces how EU and LAC countries and regional organisations have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating distinct ways that EU-LAC actors have engaged with the outbreak and the main challenges and successes for regional cooperation in this respect. Lastly, the main developments and challenges for EU-LAC overall relations in pandemic times are indicated, highlighting how EU-LAC actors have attempted to cooperate in order to develop a more positive and sustainable inter-regional partnership for the future.","PeriodicalId":30003,"journal":{"name":"Contexto Internacional","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82700529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Regional Health and Economic Responses to the COVID-19 crisis in the EU and Latin America 欧盟和拉丁美洲对COVID-19危机的区域卫生和经济应对

Contexto Internacional Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-8529.20224402e20220074

A. Hoffmann, D. Katsikas

{"title":"Regional Health and Economic Responses to the COVID-19 crisis in the EU and Latin America","authors":"A. Hoffmann, D. Katsikas","doi":"10.1590/s0102-8529.20224402e20220074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.20224402e20220074","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes a major health and economic challenge for the entire world. Major crises typically leave their imprint on global and/or regional cooperation. Often, the institutions of cooperation are strengthened in their wake, with the aim of addressing the causes that led to them. During the pandemic international cooperative, initiatives were launched in both the health and economic fronts. Thus, for example, COVAX, the World Health Organization (WHO)-sponsored cooperative initiative was launched to ensure access to vaccines for the world’s poorest countries. On the economic front, central banks in several countries facilitated access to dollars in the international currency market, mitigating exchange rate pressures in the early stages of the pandemic. On the other hand, crises do not always beget more cooperation. During the pandemic we have witnessed individual states resorting to ‘egoistic’ policy responses. These ranged from attempts to secure medical equipment at the expense of the other countries to con-flicts over the production and distribution of vaccines. The issue of vaccines, in particular, is crucial from both a medical and an economic perspective. So long as large parts of the population in the world remain without access to vaccines, the efforts to eradicate the vi-rus will continue to be undermined. Similarly, the recovery of the global economy will be slower and unbalanced if restrictive measures continue to disrupt economic activity due to lack of access to vaccines. The production and distribution of different COVID-19 vaccines to every person across the globe, irrespective of their economic capacity, in a timely manner, is necessary to conclusively win the fight against the pandemic. The protection of global public health against COVID-19 is a global public good, whose provision depends","PeriodicalId":30003,"journal":{"name":"Contexto Internacional","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83419769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Foreign Policy and Policy Diffusion in Lula da Silva’s Brazil (2003-2010) 卢拉•达席尔瓦执政时期的巴西外交政策与政策扩散(2003-2010)

Contexto Internacional Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-8529.20224401e20200091

Carlos Aurélio Pimenta de Faria

引用次数: 1

Questioning Paraguay’s Suspension from MERCOSUR: The First Application of the Democratic Clause of the Regional Bloc 质疑暂停巴拉圭加入南方共同市场:区域集团民主条款的首次适用

Contexto Internacional Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-8529.20224403e20210002

T. Ferreira, Ana Cláudia Alves Cunha Paiva

引用次数: 0

Is Critique Still Possible in International Relations Theory? A Critical Engagement with IR’s Vocation 国际关系理论还有批判的可能吗?对IR职业的批判性参与

Contexto Internacional Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-8529.20224401e20200107

Natália Maria Félix de Souza

引用次数: 0