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Vocalic segments and the phonetic basis of weight in Norwegian 挪威语语音的音段和语音基础
Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5552
Anya Hogoboom, Bennett Meale
{"title":"Vocalic segments and the phonetic basis of weight in Norwegian","authors":"Anya Hogoboom, Bennett Meale","doi":"10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5552","url":null,"abstract":"This paper revisits and expands on previous analyses of Norwegian syllable weight (Lunden 2006, 2013) and different rime shapes’ ability to draw stress. A production study was run to examine the durationally-based weight categorization of all possible Norwegian rime shapes in non-final and word-final positions. Specific attention is given to the behavior of word-final long vowels in open syllables, which may occur in the language but are relatively uncommon. Evidence regarding different rime shapes’ ability to draw stress is shown through the results of a perception study which probed listeners’ preference for penultimate versus final stress with different rime shape combinations, including those which would result in a word-final long vowel if stressed. These preferences are compared to the results of a Maximum Entropy Model (Goldwater et al. 2003) of Norwegian stress assignment based on a corpus of loan words. We conclude that final long vowels are in fact phonologically heavy, and while they are relatively rare in the lexicon of Norwegian, native speakers tolerate them surprisingly well.","PeriodicalId":299752,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America","volume":"7 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123659262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender-inclusive language as a Rational Speech Act in Spanish 西班牙语中性别包容性语言的理性言语行为
Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5529
Jeremy D Yeaton, María Muelas-Gil, Gregory Scontras
{"title":"Gender-inclusive language as a Rational Speech Act in Spanish","authors":"Jeremy D Yeaton, María Muelas-Gil, Gregory Scontras","doi":"10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5529","url":null,"abstract":"Amidst social changes in gendered language use, there is pushback from institutions such as the Spanish Royal Academy, which claims that the use of the generic masculine (e.g., bomberos ‘firemen’) in describing a mixed-gender group is equally inclusive of both men and women (Bosque 2012). By contrast, speakers of Spanish have increasingly adopted gender-inclusive alternatives to the generic masculine (e.g., bomberos o bomberas; Bengoechea 2015). Across two behavioral tasks, we investigated whether gender-inclusive forms actually lead to more inclusive interpretations. We found that the use of the inclusive form (by contrast to the generic masculine) indeed yields more inclusive interpretations, increasing the inferred femaleness of stereotypically male professions, but also decreasing the inferred femaleness of stereotypically female professions. In an attempt to explain the reasoning that delivers inclusive interpretations, we developed a computational cognitive model of the reasoning process. Our model treats the phenomenon as an instance of a markedness implicature: speakers use the longer, inclusive form to guide listeners away from their prior expectations. This work highlights the need for further research into the use of gender-inclusive language cross-linguistically, as well as for pushback against prescriptive institutions perpetuating stereotypes.","PeriodicalId":299752,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122068991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling harmony biases in learning exceptions to vowel harmony 元音和声例外学习中的和声偏差建模
Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5530
Sara Finley
{"title":"Modeling harmony biases in learning exceptions to vowel harmony","authors":"Sara Finley","doi":"10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5530","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial language learning experiments typically show non-categorical results after training on categorical data. This is generally due to incomplete learning, but these results can also reveal biases. One example is that participants trained on a vowel harmony language with alternating and non-alternating affixes prefer the non-alternating affix in harmonic contexts (Finley 2021). In this paper, I show that (i) the preference for harmonic items in non-alternating affixes replicates for remote (online) data collection, and (ii) that this effect can be modeled with MaxEnt Harmonic Grammar. In Harmonic Grammar, the harmony score of each candidate determines its grammaticality, and the probability of surfacing. Because non-alternating affixes that satisfy vowel harmony have higher harmony scores than non-alternating affixes that violate harmony, harmonic candidates will be more likely to surface than disharmonic candidates, even when both types of items surface at levels greater than expected by chance. The theoretical and methodological implications for these results are discussed","PeriodicalId":299752,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124176116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Diverse Names Generator: An app for decreasing bias and promoting inclusion 多样化的名字生成器:一个减少偏见和促进包容的应用程序
Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5541
Maura O’Leary, Rainey Williams, Mario Peng Lee
{"title":"The Diverse Names Generator: An app for decreasing bias and promoting inclusion","authors":"Maura O’Leary, Rainey Williams, Mario Peng Lee","doi":"10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5541","url":null,"abstract":"It has been well established that example sentences in linguistics use a remarkably non-diverse set of proper names in terms of gender, culture, and ethnicity (e.g., Macaulay & Brice 1997, Cépeda et al. 2021, and Kotek et al. 2021). Here, we introduce a new resource, the Diverse Names Generator (DNG), which provides randomly selected proper names with IPA transcriptions from a user-contributed, linguist-curated database of names from a wide range of languages and cultures. Generating names randomly helps users to overcome unconscious bias that may lead them to default to using Anglophone, male-gendered names. The DNG can be accessed both through a website interface and through a downloadable Android app, both with offline capabilities. This novel resource is the first of its kind and can be used both while preparing examples ahead of time and while generating examples live in the classroom.","PeriodicalId":299752,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America","volume":"07 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121290165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“It’s not real culture anyway”: Language ideologies of local and expatriate English teachers in rural South Korea “反正也不是真正的文化”:韩国农村本地和外籍英语教师的语言意识形态
Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5503
Ian Schneider
{"title":"“It’s not real culture anyway”: Language ideologies of local and expatriate English teachers in rural South Korea","authors":"Ian Schneider","doi":"10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5503","url":null,"abstract":"In South Korea (Korea), Park (2004) identifies three dominant English language ideologies: necessity (English as essential to compete in neoliberal markets), externalization (English as antithetical to Korean identity), and self-deprecation (English as unobtainable by Korean speakers). While studies have explored these ideologies among Korean English teachers in cosmopolitan settings like Seoul, few studies consider how teachers in rural areas negotiate these language ideologies. This study compares ideological stances from both expatriate guest English teachers (GETs) and local Korean English teachers (LETs). Participants working in the rural province of Jeollanamdo conducted semi-structured interviews about their perspectives and experiences regarding English education in Korea. Interviews underwent thematic analysis where initial codes identified Park’s three ideologies, and further coding produced subthemes through stance analysis. Findings indicate a diverse mix of stances between LETs and GETs that both affirm and resist dominant English language ideologies. LETs and GETs with experience working in both rural islands and coastal cities also report variation in students’ motivation and stress toward English education. By examining variation in teachers’ stancetaking toward dominant English language ideologies, this study challenges Bourdieu’s (1991) notion of a unified linguistic ideological marketplace.","PeriodicalId":299752,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116417155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
L2 interpretation of negative polar questions: Evidence from online experiments 负极性问题的第二语言解释:来自在线实验的证据
Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5466
Keunhyung Park, Stanley Dubinsky
{"title":"L2 interpretation of negative polar questions: Evidence from online experiments","authors":"Keunhyung Park, Stanley Dubinsky","doi":"10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5466","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies Korean L2 English learners’ responses to negative polar questions (NPQs – i.e., negative yes-no questions), focusing on the differences between EFL learners (those learning English as a foreign language in Korea) and ESL learners (those learning English as US residents). The paper first considers differences in the syntax and semantics of Korean and English NPQs, differences that may lead to misinterpretations when questions are translated from one language to the other. The paper then describes a series of experiments comparing Korean EFL and ESL learners’ responses to English polar questions, focusing on measuring participants’ response times (RTs) and unexpected responses (UERs) to distinct classes of these.","PeriodicalId":299752,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126071833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A counterfactual analysis of adnominal modifiers 修饰修饰语的反事实分析
Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5559
Toshiyuki Ogihara
{"title":"A counterfactual analysis of adnominal modifiers","authors":"Toshiyuki Ogihara","doi":"10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5559","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I shall argue for a counterfactual analysis of the semantics of some ad-nominal modifiers. This analysis formalizes the intuition that adnominal modifiers are always restrictive in some sense. Technically, the proposal is formalized with an opera-tor that applies to two intensional entities of type and returns as the value the same type of semantic entity (type: ). In terms of how the rule works, it resem-bles Predicate Modification since it requires a special rule. However, it does not inter-sect the two sets in question. Rather, the rule yields a set of entities that are not neces-sarily a subset of the entities specified by the common noun in the actual world. I call this semantic procedure Restrictive Modification (RM). Essential reasoning is given as follows: the property of being x that has the modifier property and if in all closest worlds w in which x had a crucial property that all CN entities have, then x would have the CN property in w. For example, in the case of stone lion, it denotes the prop-erty of being x made of stone such that if x were to possess a crucial property that a re-al lion has (say, the property of being alive with flesh and blood), then x would be a real lion. This reasoning applies to a variety of adjective types. Some problematic ex-amples such as house key and ice water remain, and they are a reserved for a future study.","PeriodicalId":299752,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131651280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Musical genres exhibit distinct sociophonetic targets: An analysis of Quebec French 音乐流派表现出明显的社会发音目标:对魁北克法语的分析
Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5490
Kaitlyn Owens
{"title":"Musical genres exhibit distinct sociophonetic targets: An analysis of Quebec French","authors":"Kaitlyn Owens","doi":"10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5490","url":null,"abstract":"Genres such as indie (Beal 2009) and hip-hop (Eberhardt & Freeman 2015) feature dialectal traits in English, but whether genres form targets distinct from speech remains unclear. We examine genre effects on phonetic variation in Quebec French music by probing the role of genres (pop, country, alternative, and indie) on laxing and diphthongization, processes characteristic of Quebec French (Walker 1984). Stigma facing formal varieties of Quebec French has vanished within dialect (Kircher 2012), yet remains for processes that vary regionally or socioeconomically (Côté 2012; Côté & Lancien, 2019). Whereas laxing is categorical and non-stigmatized (Côté 2012; Paradis & Dolbec, 1998), diphthongization is variable and stigmatized (Côté 2012). We use a novel corpus of ten Québécois singers who released multiple albums from 2011-2021 (29 albums; 326 songs). We find the emergence of genre-specific linguistic norms distinct from speech and argue that genres in music parallel sociolects.","PeriodicalId":299752,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114062753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mandarin overt wh-fronting as focus movement 普通话明显的“前置”为焦点运动
Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5491
Fangning Ren
{"title":"Mandarin overt wh-fronting as focus movement","authors":"Fangning Ren","doi":"10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5491","url":null,"abstract":"This study reexamines the syntactic encoding of information structure embodied by Mandarin overt wh-fronting questions. The sentence patterns that this paper is concerned with are wh-questions containing one or more fronted wh-phrases surfacing in (i) a clause-initial position (in root or non-root contexts) or (ii) a position immediately following a topicalized subject (also in root or non-root contexts). Departing from previous literature that obscures the exhaustifying effect exerted by a clause-initial shi ‘be’, I propose a more fine-grained classification of the focus interpretations of this type of question: a bare wh-fronting question coerces a plain (non-exhaustive) contrastive focus or a mirative focus reading (when the wh-phrase is prosodically marked) of the wh-variable, and shi-marked wh-fronting questions are shown to enforce an exhaustive focus in the answer. These three types of focus-associated interpretations are treated as conventional implicatures following Bianchi et al. (2015).","PeriodicalId":299752,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125802185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toward processing of prosody in spontaneous Japanese 日语自发韵律加工研究
Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5472
Shinobu Mizuguchi, Koichi Tateishi
{"title":"Toward processing of prosody in spontaneous Japanese","authors":"Shinobu Mizuguchi, Koichi Tateishi","doi":"10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5472","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers how prosody in spontaneous Japanese is processed. We have conducted Rapid Prosody Transcription (RPT) perception experiments on the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese (CSJ) and investigated how boundaries and prominences are perceived. We recruited three groups of participants from different Japanese dialects and found that (i) F0 is not a strong prominence cue in Japanese, contra Japanese literature on focus prominence (Pierrehumbert & Beckman (P&B) 1988; Kori 1989; Ishihara 2016) and (ii) Japanese allows multi-headed and headless intonation phrases, and P&B’s reset theory, i.e. focal prominence resets boundary phrases, faces empirical difficulties. We also found that (iii) both content words and function morphemes get highlighted in Japanese, and (iv) perception strategies vary cross-dialectally and listeners from different dialects perceive boundaries and prominences differently.","PeriodicalId":299752,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125868538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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