{"title":"Skull Phase Compensation Combined Full Waveform Inversion for Transcranial Thermoacoustic Imaging With a Real Human Skull Validated","authors":"Shuang-Li Liu;Xin Shang;Wan-Ting Peng;Wei-Jia Wan;Jin-Bao Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3281057","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3281057","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, cerebrovascular disease has become one of the leading causes of death among Chinese residents. Early detection of brain disease is, therefore, of great significance in reducing the risks to life and health. Thermoacoustic imaging has emerged as a promising technique for detecting brain disease, which meets the requirements of high penetration depth and real-time imaging in transcranial imaging. However, the acoustic characteristics of the skull can significantly impact the propagation of thermoacoustic signals, leading to attenuation and apparent phase difference, resulting in poor quality of reconstructed image and location deviation of symptom points. In this study, a skull phase compensated method combined full waveform inversion for transcranial thermoacoustic imaging is proposed. The adaptive positioning of skull is realized firstly by improving the W-AIC algorithm in thermoacoustic imaging to solve the phase difference problem and FWI technology is applied for reconstructing the intracranial SoS distribution. Numerical simulation of a human brain model and actual human skull experiments further verify the feasibility of this method in improving the quality of thermoacoustic images, thereby providing a reliable theoretical basis for the clinical application of transcranial thermoacoustic imaging.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 4","pages":"313-319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75290361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Tuned Microwave Resonant Sensor for Skin Cancerous Tumor Diagnosis","authors":"Sen Bing;Khengdauliu Chawang;J.-C. Chiao","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3281726","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3281726","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a planar microwave sensor based on a flexible polyimide substrate has been developed to distinguish if a skin lesion is malignant or benign. The sensor is a tuned loop resonator operating in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at 2.465 GHz, providing a localized high-intensity electric field that penetrates into tissues with sufficient spatial and spectral resolutions. The loop resonator with a radius of 5.4 mm was tuned by a concentric metal pad to the desired resonant frequency with a sufficiently high quality factor of 98.7 and a reflection coefficient of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u000063.98 dB. The sensor is based on the detection of electromagnetic resonance change and sequential frequency shift that is susceptible to the dielectric property difference between cancerous and benign tissues. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Seborrheic Keratosis (SK), the most commonly found malignant and benign skin lesions with close visual similarities, were selected to demonstrate the sensing concept. Tissue-mimicking materials were fabricated to have similar dielectric properties to those of healthy skin, SK, and BCC tissues in the literature. Simulations and measurements were conducted. Significant frequency shifts of 759 MHz and 415 MHz were observed between BCC and SK phantoms in simulations and measurements, respectively, when the size of the tumor phantom was a cuboid of 12 mm × 12 mm × 4 mm underneath and among healthy skin. Simulations were conducted for different cuboid side lengths from 2 to 16 mm while the thickness remained at 4 mm. Malignant lesions could be distinguished with a cuboid side length as small as 2 mm. Corresponding measurements for cuboid side lengths of 6, 8, 10, and 12 mm were conducted and matched the trend well with the simulation results. The promising results in simulations and measurements validate the sensing principle, showing great potential for skin cancer detection in a noninvasive, efficient, and lower-cost way.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 4","pages":"320-327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79343105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gaetano Chirico;Claudio D'Elia;Nicola D'Ambrosio;Rita Massa
{"title":"Design and Evaluation of an Applicator for Magnetopriming Treatments","authors":"Gaetano Chirico;Claudio D'Elia;Nicola D'Ambrosio;Rita Massa","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3267659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2023.3267659","url":null,"abstract":"Seed priming is a physiological seed enhancement method for overcoming poor and erratic seed germination in many crop and flowering plants. Magnetopriming is a pre-sowing seed treatment with magnetic field that appears as a promising method to improve seed performances. This paper presents a cost-efficient design and optimization of an exposure system for magnetopriming treatments. The proposed static magnetic field applicator is modelled and designed with the aid of commercial software. The prototype is realized and tested based on the best set of geometry parameters for optimum performance, in terms of strength and high homogeneity of the magnetic flux density in the Region of Interest. Both analytical and measurement results are found to be in good agreement with the simulated results. The system is low cost, environmentally friendly and easy to operate. It allows seed treatments at different strengths with high homogeneity within the samples. In this way, the treatments can be carried out following good practice requirements strongly recommended for a high quality bioelectromagnetic research to assure reliability and reproducibility of the experiments.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 3","pages":"245-250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/7397573/10226431/10109786.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50291932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jochen Moll;Teresa Slanina;Jonathan Stindl;Thomas Maetz;Duy Hai Nguyen;Viktor Krozer
{"title":"Temperature-Induced Contrast Enhancement for Radar-Based Breast Tumor Detection at K-Band Using Tissue Mimicking Phantoms","authors":"Jochen Moll;Teresa Slanina;Jonathan Stindl;Thomas Maetz;Duy Hai Nguyen;Viktor Krozer","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3265510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2023.3265510","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional approaches for microwave breast tumor detection are limited by the imaging resolution due to the low operating frequency. The objective of this work is to provide a proof of concept for radar-based detection of breast tumors in K-band using the temperature-dependent permittivity of the tissue for contrast enhancement. The innovation of this work is given by i) investigating higher microwave frequencies for breast cancer diagnostics and improved resolution; ii) exploiting variations in tissue temperature as a non-invasive approach for contrast-induced radar imaging eliminating the need for contrast agents such as nanoparticles; iii) using a well-defined setup with the breast compressed similar to mammography; iv) eliminating the need for coupling liquid through the usage of ultra-wideband bow-tie antennas operating from 16.55 to 40 GHz for a reflection coefficient lower than −10 dB; v) validating the experimental findings through numerical modelling. The experimental setup in this work consists of a single-pixel transmission setup with the antennas placed in a 3D printed container. Two different tissue mimicking phantoms have been studied that both model the temperature-dependent permittivity of biological tissue. The first phantom represents homogeneous fatty tissue properties and the second phantom simulates fatty tissue with a tumor inclusion. A uniform phantom warming is realized through a water bath combined with a continuous monitoring of the phantoms temperature. We show that a homogeneous phantom without tumor can be distinguished from a heterogeneous phantom with tumor in the temperature range of 28 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$^circ$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C to 38 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$^circ$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 3","pages":"251-257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50404731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prince M. Atsu;Zachary Nicolella;Maya Webb;Nicholas Brady;Eunice Nepomuceno;Connor Mowen;Gary L. Thompson
{"title":"Electrophoretic Transport Through Fibrocartilage Driven by Square and Sawtooth Pulses With Decreased Joule Heating","authors":"Prince M. Atsu;Zachary Nicolella;Maya Webb;Nicholas Brady;Eunice Nepomuceno;Connor Mowen;Gary L. Thompson","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3264116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2023.3264116","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement of molecular transport through tissues can be performed using gel electrophoresis techniques but is subject to substantial changes of temperature over the course of an experiment due to conversion of electrical to thermal energy. The objective of this study is to mitigate thermal generation and accumulation while determining the electrophoretic mobility of charged molecules within annulus fibrosus cartilage tissue. By using electrical pulses as compared to direct current (DC), less total energy is input and more heat can dissipate in a given amount of time. Temperature measurements confirm that use of DC leads to higher rates of temperature change during electrophoresis, with Joule heating responsible for the thermal rise. The measured electrophoretic mobilities of two small, charged dye molecules are found to be similar among DC, square and sawtooth pulsed electrophoresis. One significant difference occurs between square and sawtooth pulses for the dye that interacts less with the cartilage tissue. Results herein suggest that accurate measurements with reduced temperature changes of thermally-sensitive tissues can be made using pulsed electrophoresis, which can lead to a better understanding of molecular transport under physiological conditions.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 3","pages":"210-215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50291938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3278151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2023.3278151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 2","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/7397573/10138047/10138073.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50382708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF, and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology About this Journal","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3278155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2023.3278155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 2","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/7397573/10138047/10138048.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50238624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dipon K. Biswas;Nabanita Saha;Arnav Kaul;Ifana Mahbub
{"title":"Semi-Implantable Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) System Integrated With On-Chip Power Management Unit (PMU) for Neuromodulation Application","authors":"Dipon K. Biswas;Nabanita Saha;Arnav Kaul;Ifana Mahbub","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3256705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2023.3256705","url":null,"abstract":"Miniaturization of the neuromodulation system is important for non-invasive or sub-invasive optogenetic application. This work presents an optimized wireless power transfer (WPT) system integrated with an on-chip rectification circuitry and an off-chip stimulation circuitry for optogenetic stimulation of freely moving rodents. The proposed WPT system is built using parallel transmitter (TX) coils on printed circuit board (PCB) and wire-wound based receiver (RX) coil followed by a seven-stage voltage doubler and a low dropout regulator (LDO) circuit designed in 180 nm standard Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) process. A pulse stimulation is used to stimulate the neurons which is generated using a commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) components based oscillator circuit. The intensity of the stimulation is controlled by using a COTS based LED driver circuit which controls the current through the \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000LED. The total dimension of the RX coil is 8 mm × 3.4 mm. The maximum power transfer efficiency (PTE) of the proposed WPT system is \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u000035% and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the rectifier is 52%. The proposed system with reconfigurable stimulation frequency is suitable for exciting different brain areas for long-term health monitoring.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 2","pages":"193-200"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50238623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Mercuri;Ping Jack Soh;Pouya Mehrjouseresht;Felice Crupi;Dominique Schreurs
{"title":"Biomedical Radar System for Real-Time Contactless Fall Detection and Indoor Localization","authors":"Marco Mercuri;Ping Jack Soh;Pouya Mehrjouseresht;Felice Crupi;Dominique Schreurs","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3278473","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3278473","url":null,"abstract":"Fall incidents represent a major public health problem among elderly people. This resulted in a significant increase of the number of investigated systems aiming at detecting falls promptly. In this respect, in this work, a biomedical radar system is proposed for remote real-time fall detection and indoor localization. The system, consisting of a sensor and a base station, combines radar and wireless communication techniques, and uses a data processing technique to distinguish between fall events and normal movements. The classification, based on a Least-Square Support Vector Machine (LS -SVM), combined with the sliding window principle allows to perform fall detection in real-time. Moreover, it is capable to localize the subjects when the fall incident has been detected. The in-vivo validation showed a high success rate in detecting fall events, with a maximum delay of 340 ms. Moreover, a maximum mean absolute errors (MAE) of 3.8 cm and a maximum root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 7.5 cm were reported in measuring the subject's absolute distance.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 4","pages":"303-312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86969732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksandar Savić;Fabian Freiberger;Ralf Pörtner;Arne F. Jacob
{"title":"CHO and HepG2 Single-Cell Characterization With Planar Microchip Sensors up to 40 GHz","authors":"Aleksandar Savić;Fabian Freiberger;Ralf Pörtner;Arne F. Jacob","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3257480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2023.3257480","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with broadband microwave measurements performed on single dead and living biological cells from CHO and HepG2 cell lines. It reports results obtained with coplanar waveguide reflection and transmission type sensors, respectively. A straight-forward single liquid calibration procedure allows to extract the complex cell permittivity and compare it to that of the surrounding medium. The contrast is analyzed through \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$p$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-value tests and in terms of the usual Cole-Cole parameters. The results demonstrate the distinguishability of the cell lines based on the permittivity.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 3","pages":"236-244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50291931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}