IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology最新文献

{"title":"A Coil Rectenna Array Design to Harvest All H-Field Components for Lateral Misalignment Tolerant Wireless Powering of Bio-Medical Implant Devices","authors":"Vivek Kumar Srivastava;Ashwani Sharma","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3351751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3351751","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a coil rectenna array design to address the lateral misalignment problem in near-field wireless powering of biomedical implants and wearable devices. For this purpose, the proposed design comprises three non-identical orthogonal coil antennas optimized to harvest three orthogonal H-field components efficiently. The rectified energy generated by these antenna units is utilized to supply power to the load by combining the individual rectified output voltages. Out of the two distinct combining techniques, DC and AC combining, DC combining proved advantageous in effectively harnessing the lateral field components. The design parameters of the orthogonal coil rectennas are optimized to enhance the lateral misalignment tolerance area. To realize the proposed rectenna array, a multi-layer PCB technology is employed, resulting in a compact, robust, and cost-effective solution for wireless powering of biomedical implanted and wearable devices. Experimental validation of the analytical results demonstrates that the proposed design has the potential to significantly mitigate the lateral misalignment problem in a 2D plane, achieving a uniformity percentage of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$boldsymbol{38.18}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000% for a misalignment tolerance range of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$60times 60$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 mm\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":"59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140000594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Low-Cost Production of Tissue-Mimicking Skin Phantoms Up to 40 GHz","authors":"Simona Di Meo;Giulia Matrone;Giovanni Magenes;Marco Pasian","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3349851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3349851","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Objectives:</i>\u0000 In this paper, a simple methodology for making skin phantoms is presented. In addition, the first millimeter (mm)-wave images in scenarios including the skin phantoms are shown. \u0000<italic>Technology or Method:</i>\u0000 Two mixtures based on the use of simple and inexpensive materials are produced and dielectrically characterized in the [0.5--40] GHz frequency range. Cole-Cole parameters are derived by the least-squares method. An inexpensive polystyrene mold to obtain morphologically compatible skin thicknesses is presented. Finally, these phantoms are used for experimental mm-wave imaging tests in two scenarios, with targets with different size and reflectivity in air and in an oil-based phantom. \u0000<italic>Results:</i>\u0000 The dielectric characteristics of the produced skin phantoms are compared with those of human skin, showing excellent agreement over the entire spectrum. Realistic and uniform thicknesses from 1 to 2.5 mm were obtained. The experimental images show the possibility of detecting targets with different reflectivity below the skin at mm- waves. \u0000<italic>Conclusions:</i>\u0000 two phantoms based on safe and low-cost materials emulating dielectric characteristics (up to 40 GHz) and morphological characteristics of the skin were proposed. One of these phantoms has been used for a number of mm-wave imaging system tests in different scenarios, and the potential of mm-waves to detect non-superficial targets even in the presence of skin is demonstrated. \u0000<italic>Clinical or Biological Impact:</i>\u0000 the results presented in this paper provide a replicable methodology for skin phantom realization and show the potential feasibility of mm-wave imaging for early detection of breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140000600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Approach to Remote Detection in Medical Radar Applications Using Flexible Transmit Array Lenses","authors":"Rifa Atul Izza Asyari;Kuan-Yuan Lee;Rezki El Arif;Tzyy-Sheng Jason Horng;Daniel Teichmann","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3347395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2023.3347395","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a novel method employing adaptable transmitarray lenses for medical radar systems, enhancing the direction of electromagnetic beams in the far-field. The newly developed antenna array exhibited marked improvements in gain, bandwidth, return loss, and isolation within specific frequency ranges during testing. Comprehensive evaluations, including various focal lengths and bending scenarios, underscored the superior performance of this adaptable lens over prior techniques. Its exceptional precision and sensitivity render it an ideal tool for real-time remote health monitoring systems, particularly in pulse detection. The research findings consistently aligned the heart rates detected by this innovative method with standard reference rates, reaffirming its reliability and accuracy. This consistency highlights the potential of the transmitarray lenses as a valuable advancement in medical radar systems. The study not only validates the effectiveness and reliability of the lenses but also lays a solid foundation for further research and development in this field. The insights garnered are expected to significantly bolster the progression of radar technologies in healthcare, leading to more accurate, efficient, and non-invasive health monitoring solutions, thereby enhancing patient care and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":"36-50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10400754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140000509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRLH TL-Based Compact Wideband Button Antenna for Biomedical Applications","authors":"Kai Zhang;Ping Jack Soh;Juan Chen;Sen Yan","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3338960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2023.3338960","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable antennas are increasingly being miniaturized and broadened in terms of bandwidth due to the increasing need for multi-standard biomedical communication and imaging capabilities. In this paper, a novel, compact and wideband button-like antenna based on composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH TL) theory is proposed. The antenna consists of a compact FR-4 PCB as its substrate and a semi-rigid coaxial cable is used as feed. The button dish has a dimension of π × 6 × 6 × 1.5 mm\u0000³\u0000 (π × 0.11 × 0.11 × 0.027λ\u0000³\u0000) at 5.5 GHz. The ring-shaped radiator includes two end-to-end CRLH TL unit elements on top of the substrate, which is excited by coupling with a concentric circular patch. The zeroth-order resonance (ZOR) mode and +1st order mode are generated and combined to achieve an ultra-wideband operation from 5.15 GHz to 9.35 GHz (58% fractional bandwidth). Furthermore, a spiral structure is employed in this design to decrease the negative effects of the ground plane, resulting in a high gain and a low specific absorption rate (SAR). To our best knowledge, this is the first button ZOR antenna based on CRLH TL structure designed for wearable applications with such wide bandwidth besides acceptable gain and compactness levels.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":"68-77"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140000596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective: Microwave Medical Imaging Using Space-Time-Frequency A Priori Knowledge for Health Monitoring","authors":"Zheng Gong;Yifan Chen;Yahui Ding;Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3337660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2023.3337660","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave medical imaging (MMI) operating over the frequency range covering hundreds of megahertz to tens of gigahertz has the potential to provide proactive healthcare solutions to patients with acute (for early diagnosis) or chronic (for daily monitoring) medical conditions. This technology exploits the tissue dielectric properties for disease diagnosis by using quantitative or qualitative algorithms. The advantages of MMI include low health risk, low operational cost, lightweight implementation, and ease of use, given its perspective of miniaturization and integration into portable and handheld devices with networking capability. MMI has been proposed for cancer detection, stroke detection, heart imaging, bone imaging, tracking of in-body drug-loaded nanorobots, etc. It is, however, challenging to develop accurate and robust MMI algorithms for both sensitive and selective diagnosis, due to the inherently ill-conditioned inverse scattering problems and the low dielectric contrast between healthy and diseased tissues. As such, using the a priori knowledge (APK) about the scattering profile to improve the performance of MMI is crucial for practical implementation and clinical deployment of MMI systems. This perspective article presents a new viewpoint of categorizing and utilizing various types of APK, which is acquired from the space, time, or frequency (STF) domain. The article starts with a general categorization framework of APK, followed by formulations of MMI algorithms utilizing APK. Subsequently, the existing APK-oriented MMI algorithms are reviewed in the respective STF domain. Finally, the influence of accuracy of APK on MMI performance is discussed using numerical examples. Through the analysis of the distorted Born iterative method (DBIM) and the pulse radar method, we have discussed the accurate usage of time-domain APK for both quantitative and qualitative evaluations, and the performance improvements of the quantitative and qualitative algorithms are 92% and 80%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the proper implementation of APK can significantly improve imaging accuracy, further validating the effectiveness and generalizability of the proposed model. This perspective would offer some useful insights into the future directions of MMI algorithmic development.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":"2-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140000507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2023 Index IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology Vol. 7","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3358969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3358969","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 4","pages":"491-503"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10415274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139572935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Focused Microwave Brain Hyperthermia Guided by Microwave-Induced Thermoacoustic Tomography","authors":"Zijun Xi;Xuanyu Wang;Ke Ye;Xiong Wang","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3306310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2023.3306310","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave hyperthermia of brain tumors using an antenna array is a novel noninvasive and accurate treatment method. This work evaluates the performance of focused microwave brain hyperthermia guided by microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography (FMBH-MITAT). An applicator with 17 antennas working at 1.3 GHz specifically for FMBH-MITAT is designed and a realistic human head phantom with a tumor is used. EM and EM-thermal simulations with different tumor cases are conducted to obtain the field distribution, specific absorption rate distribution and temperature distribution in the entire head. These factors can evaluate the performance of the technique for dealing with different tumors. We investigate how well the microwave field is focusing, how much power is demanded in a practical system, if the temperature in the tumor is high enough to do the hyperthermia and if the hyperthermia hurts the normal brain tissues. The obtained results demonstrate that the FMBH-MITAT technique can efficiently deal with most of the tested tumors, despite that the performance for a deeply located tumor is not good. This work is very meaningful for potential development of a practical system based on FMBH-MITAT.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 4","pages":"383-391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138454435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF, and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology About this Journal","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3331991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2023.3331991","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 4","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10325662","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138431043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3331967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2023.3331967","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 4","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10325838","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138431139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Contact Estimation of Cardiac Inter-Beat Interval and Heart Rate Variability Using Time-Frequency Domain Analysis for CW Radar","authors":"Hoang Thi Yen;Masaki Kurosawa;Tetsuo Kirimoto;Yukiya Hakozaki;Takemi Matsui;Guanghao Sun","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3326562","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JERM.2023.3326562","url":null,"abstract":"Vital signs are objective indices of health status. Heart rate variability (HRV) is the physiological phenomenon of variation in interval between consecutive heartbeats, which carries more physiological information than respiration rate (RR) or heart rate (HR). Medical radar isa potential sensor for non-contact vital sign monitoring. However, this sensor requires a more complicated process for HRV extraction. In this study, the HRV was obtained as follows: The heartbeat component was extracted from the radar signal using a locally projected noise reduction (LPNR)-based nonlinear adaptive filter and a convolution-based smoothing filter. The heartbeat component still includes undesired peaks; therefore, a derivative function was used to detect the sharpest slope peak, which is the desired peak, followed by R-peak detection to obtain HRV. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we tested the system on 18 healthy subjects and compared the HRV determined by this sensor with that measured by contact-type electrocardiography (ECG). The results show a correlation of 97.43% between HRV by radar and HRV by ECG; the 95% confidence of inter-beat interval (IBI) is 59.5 ms. In addition, the proposed method was applied to monitor the change in HRV of an inpatient from Yokohama Hospital, Japan. The clinical data processing results provided consent for the nurse's daily check.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"7 4","pages":"457-467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135501896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}