JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS最新文献

{"title":"Pin-ups and Journalists: A Model of Media Market with News and Entertainment","authors":"M. Battaggion, A. Vaglio","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2015.1094078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2015.1094078","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the authors model a market for news where two sources compete for the audience. Individuals are heterogeneous with respect to their tastes for the news and entertainment. The authors model endogenously the sources' choices concerning the news accuracy and the level of entertainment, together with the audience's behavior, which includes reading one or two sources as well as not reading at all. The authors provide a rigorous setting explaining why individuals get informed according to a Bayesian behavior. Then, when some individuals read more than one source, they show that the competition is relaxed and the incentives to invest in quality lacks. In this respect, pluralism, defined as the possibility to jointly resort to more than one paper, does not automatically guarantee a higher press quality.","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"28 1","pages":"217 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2015.1094078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59572839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical Integration and Concentration in Cable Television Markets, the Accuracy and Entertainment in Local Newspapers, and Effects of Movie Stars on the Volatility of Box Office Revenue","authors":"H. Martin, Adam D. Rennhoff","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2015.1112655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2015.1112655","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of Journal of Media Economics has studies on three important media industries: cable television, newspapers, and motion pictures. The first study presents evidence that vertically integrated cable providers may increase the carriage of their own channels at the cost of reducing carriage of rival networks. The second study looks at the endogenous decision of local newspapers regarding the accuracy (or “quality”) of their newspaper and how the incentives to invest in reporting accuracy depend on the reading habits of consumers. The final study shows that while movie stars may not guarantee profits for the studio, their presence may lower the volatility of revenue. This is an important consideration for movie studios given the risk and uncertainty associated with expensive movie productions. The first study, “Vertical Integration, Regional Concentration, and Availability in Cable Programming Networks,” is by Sung Wook Ji. This study examines the impact of two trends that have been observed over the past two decades in cable provision. The first trend is the increased vertical integration between content providers (cable television networks) and content distributors (cable systems). An example of this trend is Comcast’s merger with NBC Universal, the owner of cable channels such as the USA Network and MSNBC. Such vertical integration aligns the ownership of the television channel with the cable provider distributing the channel. The second trend is the regional clustering of cable providers that has occurred, creating large geographically contiguous cable systems. Both trends potentially change the dynamics of competition in the cable industry. Given the focus on vertically integrated and regionally-concentrated cable operators, the author chooses to examine the 122 metropolitan areas (DMAs) in which either Comcast or Time Warner, the two largest traditional (i.e. non-satellite) cable providers in the United States, have a presence. The author uses Warren Publishing’s 2009 Television & Cable Factbook to compile information on the carriage of certain cable networks and the various tiers of programming offered by each cable provider.","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"28 1","pages":"181 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2015.1112655","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59572692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical Integration, Regional Concentration, and Availability in Cable Programming Networks","authors":"Sung Wook Ji","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2015.1094077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2015.1094077","url":null,"abstract":"Using a 2009 cross-sectional database of digital cable systems in the United States, this study examines the combined effects of vertical integration and regional concentration (cable TV clusters) on the carriage and tier positioning of cable networks. Focusing on four basic cable network segments—the outdoor, cartoon, movie, and Comcast affiliated networks—this study finds that vertical integration has reduced program availability for cable subscribers by increasing their access to integrated networks and by limiting their access to unaffiliated networks. It also finds that an increase in the regional concentration of cable systems positively affects the availability of overall basic cable networks, regardless of vertical ownership. An increase in regional concentration is also associated with a decrease in the effects of vertical integration, suggesting that system efficiency through regional concentration may mitigate the vertical integration effect.","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"28 1","pages":"184 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2015.1094077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59572790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movie Stars and the Volatility of Movie Revenues","authors":"Amit M. Joshi","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2015.1094079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2015.1094079","url":null,"abstract":"Research has found conflicting results regarding the profitability of movies that have big-name stars. Why then, are stars selected to act in movies? Using the concepts of risk, volatility, and brand loyalty, this research proposes that although stars may not guarantee profits, their presence results in lower weekly revenue volatility. Using a database comprising 41 stars and their presence in 467 movies from over a 26-year period, this study finds broad support for this hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"28 1","pages":"246 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2015.1094079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59572932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of Media Bias, Welfare Effects of Multi-Mode Television Service, and Effects of Television Service Agreements on Local News Coverage","authors":"H. Martin, Adam D. Rennhoff","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2015.1073491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2015.1073491","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of JME has three studies that are relevant for media policies or media effects. The first study shows how newspaper coverage of unemployment is influenced by the paper’s ideology and by competition in the paper’s market. The second study estimates the welfare effects from adding new digital channels to broadcast television stations in Korea. The third study finds a relationship between service agreements that allow U.S. television stations to cooperate and the stations’ coverage of local news. Each study adds to our understanding of how and why the output from media firms influences their audiences’ knowledge and welfare. The first study, “What Drives Media Bias? New Evidence from Recent Newspaper Closures,” is by Cagdas Agirdas. This study examines how newspaper news coverage changed after rival newspapers closed. Coverage will change after a rival’s closure if a newspaper’s biases are “demand-driven, [because] then a surviving newspaper could expand its reader base by moderating its bias to reach out to former readers of the closed rival newspaper in the same market” (p. 123). The study examines changes in the amount of unemployment news reported before and after rival newspapers closed. The author argues that newspapers that support a Democratic or Republican president will report less unemployment news when a favored incumbent holds office compared with more unemployment news when a disfavored incumbent holds office. However, this bias will be reduced after a rival closes if the surviving newspapers want to attract new readers. The study measures unemployment news because changes in the unemployment rate predict political success for an incumbent president’s party. A previous study also found that unemployment news was correlated with politically partisan newspaper endorsements. The author analyzes panel data for 99 newspapers from 1990 to 2009. The data set includes 24 markets where newspapers closed. Unemployment news stories were identified using keyword searches of online newspaper archives.","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"28 1","pages":"119 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2015.1073491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59572665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Drives Media Bias? New Evidence From Recent Newspaper Closures","authors":"Cagdas Agirdas","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2015.1063499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2015.1063499","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of the Internet, many U.S. metropolitan areas have seen newspaper closures due to declining revenues. This provides the researcher with an opportunity to analyze the microeconomic sources of media bias. This article uses a large panel dataset of newspaper archives for 99 newspapers over 240 months (1990–2009). The author found that, after controlling for the unemployment rate, the change in unemployment rate, and the political preferences of surrounding metropolitan area, conservative newspapers report 17.4% more unemployment news when the President is a Democrat rather than a Republican, before the closure of a rival newspaper in the same media market. This effect is 12.8% for liberal newspapers. After the closure, these numbers are 3.5% and 1.1%, respectively. This moderation of media bias after closure of a rival newspaper is robust to the inclusion of newspaper size, newspaper fixed-effects or metropolitan area fixed-effects as controls. The author also found that newspapers in smaller metropolitan areas have a larger moderation in their bias. Findings provide support for theories in which media bias is demand-driven, as surviving newspapers aim to increase their sales by gaining the former readers of a closed newspaper in the same media market.","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"28 1","pages":"123 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2015.1063499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59571628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Welfare Analysis on Introducing Multi-Mode Service in Korea","authors":"Suil Lee","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2015.1063498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2015.1063498","url":null,"abstract":"To conduct a welfare analysis on the introduction of Multi-Mode Service (MMS) in Korea, the article estimates demand equations for pay TV services and calculates the conversion rates of pay TV subscribers to terrestrial TV due to the MMS. Then a welfare analysis is performed. The analysis shows that the net present value of the MMS is less than 0 regardless of various models and scenarios, indicating that the introduction of MMS is economically infeasible in Korea. However, it should be noted that these results critically depend on the assumption on the degree of screen quality degradation of HD free terrestrial channels which will be caused by the introduction of MMS.","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"28 1","pages":"142 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2015.1063498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59571532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local TV, Localism, and Service Agreements","authors":"Danilo Yanich","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2015.1063500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2015.1063500","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) uses three principles to regulate the broadcast industry in the United States: competition, diversity, and localism. The least studied of which is localism. As the management and ownership of local TV stations becomes more consolidated, the author examines what effect, if any, that consolidation has on the presentation of local content on television newscasts.","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"28 1","pages":"162 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2015.1063500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59572144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elvis Is Returning to the Building: Understanding a Decline in Unauthorized File Sharing","authors":"J. Poort, J. Weda","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2015.1031904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2015.1031904","url":null,"abstract":"A set of representative consumer surveys shows that in the Netherlands unauthorized file sharing of music has declined substantially between 2008 and 2012. It decreased slightly for games, but almost doubled for films and TV series. Overall, file sharing dropped from 38% to 27% of the population. The empirical evidence presented supports the hypothesis that adequate legal services for downloading and streaming music helped to reduce file sharing, whereas a lack of good digital audiovisual services made consumers turn to illegal alternatives.","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"28 1","pages":"63 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2015.1031904","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59571669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movie Performance and Recent Trends in Music and Video File-Sharing","authors":"H. Martin, Adam D. Rennhoff","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2015.1035596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2015.1035596","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of JME has two articles on issues related to movie performance and an article on recent trends in legal and illegal music and video file-sharing. All three papers have important implications for media firms—from record labels to movie production studios to movie theaters. All three articles are empirical in nature. They use a variety of different data sources and each article uses a different econometric strategy. The first article is “Elvis Is Returning to the Building: Understanding a Decline in Unauthorized File Sharing,” by Joost Poort and Jarst Weda. This study looks at illegal file-sharing in the Netherlands. The article relies on the self-reported downloading behavior of over 1,500 Dutch consumers, obtained via online surveys conducted in 2008 and 2012. The survey covers the consumption of legal and illegal digital media. The four-year delay between surveys allows the authors to track changes in consumer behavior over time. The data shows that illegal file-sharing of music decreased from 35% to 22% over the 4-year period. This is in contrast to a 7 percentage point increase (11% to 18%) in file-sharing of video media. What could explain this seemingly contradictory finding? The authors argue that this is due to the availability of legal digital media downloading options. In contrast to digital music—which is available from a wide variety of legal sources such as iTunes or Spotify— there were relatively few satisfactory legal sources of digital video during the sample period, according to the survey respondents. These findings are potentially important to media companies worried about the adverse effects of illegal file-sharing services, such as Pirate Bay. The results indicate that increasing the availability of legal downloading services may help diminish consumer incentives to engage in illegal file-sharing. The second article is “Superstars as Emotion-Eliciting Objects. An Examination of the Effect of the Emotion Mix of Movie Stars,” by Ana Suárez-Vázquez. This study examines the impact that superstars have on consumer decisions by focusing on the way in which a superstar can affect consumer emotions. Although many movie studies use standard box office revenue data, this study relies on a novel survey of college-aged young adults. The 320 survey respondents were asked to rate 17 movie stars based on the extent to which the stars caused students to experience the eight basic emotions of the hierarchy of consumer","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"28 1","pages":"61 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2015.1035596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59571765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}