2022 IEEE 15th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)最新文献

{"title":"A Photon Detection System with Power and Signal over Fiber","authors":"H. Vieira de Souza","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882876","url":null,"abstract":"The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a long baseline neutrino experiment for neutrino science and Beyond the Standard Model physics. The experiment will make use of four far detector (FD) modules, 1300 km away from the beam line, installed 1.5 km deep underground. The FD modules will consist of Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPC) with 17 kt of liquid argon (LAr) each, the largest ever attempted.In December 2020, the DUNE Collaboration proposed the Vertical Drift (VD) LArTPC technology with the aim to instrument the second FD module. In the VD the Photon Detection System (PDS), will be placed in the cathode in order to optimize light collection. However, the fact that the cathode will be biased at −300 kV for DUNE excludes the possibility to supply power and read out the PDS signals with conductive wires. The proposed solution is to use Power-over-Fiber (PoF) and Signal-over-Fiber (SoF). In this work the powering and analog signal readout of SiPM photodetectors using laser light transmitted over optical fibers are described, with emphasis in the development of the cryogenic analog optical transmitter to be used for SoF transmission. Results will be shown from the recent demonstration of this solution made at the CERN neutrino platform.","PeriodicalId":299229,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 15th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122523058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Experimental Evaluation of Fin Width and Low-Temperature Influence on GIDL in Stacked SOI Nanowires","authors":"M. de Souza, J. C. Rodrigues, G. Mariniello, M. Cassé, S. Barraud, M. Vinet, O. Faynot, M. Pavanello","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882780","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, an experimental evaluation of the gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) of vertically stacked SOI nanowire (NW) FETs is carried out, as a function of temperature for the first time. It is shown that at room temperature, NW width decrease improves gate coupling favoring longitudinal band-to-band-tunneling, which increases normalized GIDL current. The increase of GIDL current with fin narrowing becomes more pronounced with temperature reduction. The influence of fin width has been evaluated, showing that GIDL variation with temperature depends on the device geometry.","PeriodicalId":299229,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 15th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121954309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptography in the Quantum Era","authors":"E. Lella, Alberto Gatto, Andrea Pazienza, Diego Romano, Pietro Noviello, Felice Vitulano, G. Schmid","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882585","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in quantum computing and quantum information theory represent a severe threat to the current state of the art of data protection. In this context, new quantum-safe techniques have emerged in recent decades, which fall into post-quantum and unconditionally secure cryptographic schemes. The firsts rely on computational problems supposed to be hard also for quantum computers. In contrast, the seconds do not depend on the difficulty of a computational problem and are therefore immune to quantum power. In particular, unconditionally secure techniques include Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols for transmitting secret keys thanks to the quantum properties of light. In this work, we discuss QKD networks and post-quantum algorithms, considering their opportunities and limitations and showing that reconciliation between these two directions of cryptography is feasible and necessary for the quantum era.This work is part of the activities of the PON project “Development of quantum systems and technologies for IT security in communication networks” (QUANCOM) which aims to the realization of a metropolitan quantum communication network through the collaboration between universities, research centers and companies operating in the communication market area.","PeriodicalId":299229,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 15th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127401304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Network-level Key Exchange Protocols in the Post-Quantum Era","authors":"Andrea Pazienza, E. Lella, Pietro Noviello, Felice Vitulano","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882818","url":null,"abstract":"A Virtual Private Network (VPN) ensures the confidentiality and integrity of data transferred between two endpoints, even if the means of transport are insecure. One popular protocol is Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) which operates at OSI layer 3 and protects all protocols at higher layers. Cryptographic keys in IPSec are negotiated using the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol. IKE negotiates security parameters for IPSec sessions. In particular, the IKEv2 protocol uses the Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) algorithm to establish a secret key shared between two nodes on a network. Although solving such a problem remains difficult with current computing power, it is believed that generic quantum computers will be able to solve this problem, which implies that the security of IKEv2 is compromised. There are, however, several cryptographic systems that are trusted to be resistant to attacks by quantum computers. This family of cryptosystems is known as quantum-resistant cryptography (QRC). In this paper, after highlighting the requirements for a secure key exchange protocol, we briefly review the QRC solutions that have been proposed in the recent literature.","PeriodicalId":299229,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 15th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134368131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Cryo-CMOS Temperature Sensors for Quantum Control ICs","authors":"P. A. T Hart, T. Huizinga, M. Babaie, A. Vladimirescu, F. Sebastiano","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882600","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents an experimental study of different components (resistors, diodes, transistors) in a standard 40-nm bulk CMOS process for their suitability as integrated cryogenic temperature sensors down to a temperature of 4.2K. It was found that most devices can be employed as sensors down to temperatures of approximately 50K, below which non-ideal effects such as non-linear behaviour and decreased sensitivity start to dominate. The Dynamic-Threshold MOS (DTMOS) was found to be a very promising candidate for its linearity, low forward-voltage-drop and sensitivity down to 8K. Moreover, as previous research indicated that cryogenic self-heating raises the local chip temperature to tens of Kelvins already at moderate power levels, the aforementioned sensing limitations at very low temperatures are expected to be of less importance in realistic applications. The results presented in this work contribute to the further integration of classical cryo-CMOS control electronics and qubits, towards a fully scalable quantum computer.","PeriodicalId":299229,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 15th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121815747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical characterization and modeling of FDSOI MOSFETs for Cryo-Electronics","authors":"M. Cassé, B. C. Paz, G. Ghibaudo, M. Vinet","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882859","url":null,"abstract":"We present an overview of DC electrical characterization of FDSOI transistors down to very low temperature for cryogenic applications. We also highlight specific phenomena appearing at low temperature, and discuss the corresponding physical and analytical models.","PeriodicalId":299229,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 15th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127551641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends, key actors and use cases in QKD technologies: an analysis of the research and innovation frontier using web-based methods","authors":"Danilo Martire, Carmelofrancesco Origlia, Sara Laurita, Antonio Imbrogno","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882827","url":null,"abstract":"This work is part of the activities of the PON project “Development of quantum systems and technologies for IT security in communication networks” (QUANCOM) which aims to the realization of a metropolitan quantum communication network through the collaboration between universities, research centers and companies operating in the communication market area.The paper presents an analysis of the research and innovation frontier related to Quantum Technologies and conducted through web-based methods and techniques, which allow the acquisition of high granularity information also from unconventional sources. The work aims to trace the strategic positioning of the QUANCOM project with reference to the evolution of the state of the art in order to: i) enucleate the most promising lines of research; ii) outline emerging market trends; iii) provide evidence on the innovativeness of existing technologies; iv) identify use cases and opportunities for industrial exploitation of the project results.Structured and unstructured information sources are used. The former is represented by national and international databases concerning: i) European research projects, ii) scientific publications and research reports, iii) patents, iii) market and investment trends. The second ones refer to websites of research centers, companies, innovation facilitators.The methodology involved performing 3 steps of analysis that led to specific results:1.through the analysis of the research frontier, 69 H2020 projects on Quantum Technologies were identified.2.the reconnaissance of the technology frontier led to the identification of a highly specific panel of 731 patents divided into 4 sub-areas focused on: i) QKD equipments; ii) terrestrial and satellite QKD networks; iii) layer 3 cryptography; iv) security technologies in Distributed Ledger applications.3.the reconstruction of the innovation ecosystem conducted through the web content mining approach, led, from a panel of more than 18,000 actors, to the identification of 142 public and private stakeholder that carry out research and innovation activities on the reference domain or commercially enhance solutions based on quantum technologies.","PeriodicalId":299229,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 15th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"350 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115847749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QKD and frequency distribution cooperation: the Twin-field QKD case","authors":"A. Meda, C. Clivati, S. Virzì, S. Donadello, A. Mura, F. Levi, M. Genovese, I. Degiovanni, D. Calonico","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882601","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols in metropolitan networks, exploiting already deployed telecommunication fibers, requires particular attention due to the non-ideal environment in which the protocol operates. At present, Twin-field QKD is one of the most promising techniques to reach the extension of QKD transmission but its real-word exploitation requires that the communication channel is stable in terms of optical length and is free from background light that increase the errors in the transmitted keys. Adapting interferometry techniques derived from frequency metrology, we recently proposed a solution [1] for a tight channel length control, and demonstrated it on a 206 km metropolitan fiber with 65 dB loss. Here we analyze in details the effects of background photons and the solutions that we applied to reduce their contribution to a negligible level.","PeriodicalId":299229,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 15th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132568787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-speed optical links for data transfer out of 3.4K to room temperature","authors":"H. Han, Lingyun Li, Pusheng Yuan, Huiqin Yu, Shu-Na Wang, L. You","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882596","url":null,"abstract":"Significant progress has been made in cryoelectronic over the past three decades. However, an ever-increasing need for bandwidth and lower power consumption of data links between the cryogenic environment and the room temperature is becoming a vital bottleneck for scaling up the cryogenic technology. Optical links provide substantial performance advantages in many data transmission fields, but until now, the benefits of optical links between cryogenic and room temperature have remained unexplored widely. This study focuses on data transfer performance out of the cryogenic environment with commercial LiNbO3 modulators. The Vπ of the LN modulator at a temperature as cold as 3.4K is measured, and a 17.6% increase over room temperature values is seen, but the extinction is reduced from 28dB to 22dB. The transmission coefficient S21 of the optoelectronics system, including modulators, photodiodes, amplifiers, fibers, and cables, is measured by a vector network analyzer. Moreover, the operation of a high-speed optical link at rates up to 32Gbps from 3.4K to room temperature was demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":299229,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 15th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"30 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132057572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards the Development of Cryogenic Integrated Power Management Units","authors":"A. R. Cabrera-Galicia, A. Ashok, P. Vliex, C. Degenhardt, A. Kruth, A. Artanov, S. van Waasen","doi":"10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOLTE55422.2022.9882781","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated Circuits (ICs) operating at cryogenic temperatures are expected to allow the development of scalable quantum computing systems consisting of thousands of physical quantum bits (qubits). However, since these ICs require undistorted power supply lines for optimal performance, the development of Power Management Units (PMUs) capable of cryogenic operation is also needed for the quantum computing systems scalability. To develop such PMUs, it is necessary to understand the cryogenic electrical behavior of its components. Therefore, this brief present the measurement results obtained from an exploratory cryogenic DC characterization of some of the passive and active components belonging to a commercial 22nm FDSOI IC technology.","PeriodicalId":299229,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 15th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131260837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}