{"title":"On simulation-based adaptive UAS behavior during jamming","authors":"R. Johansson, P. Hammar, Patrik Thorén","doi":"10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101647","url":null,"abstract":"We address the issue of autonomously planning a flight path for a remotely controlled surveillance aircraft when control is lost due to jamming. An optimization problem arises where we want the aircraft to continue surveying in the jammed area so that a possible attack does not go unnoticed, but we want the aircraft to leave the jammed area (and report any collected information) while there is still time to respond and take defensive measures. We formulate this as a stochastic approximation problem, involving state parameters and a discrete set of path options (specifying candidate Bezier curves), and train on simulated data from realistic scenarios. The result is a discussion how to acquire a policy which considers both realistic tactical scenarios with varying initial values and simulated sensor characteristic.","PeriodicalId":299104,"journal":{"name":"2017 Workshop on Research, Education and Development of Unmanned Aerial Systems (RED-UAS)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126493073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modelling and control of helicopter robotic landing gear for uneven ground conditions","authors":"Daniel Melia Boix, Keng Goh, J. McWhinnie","doi":"10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101644","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a method to investigate into helicopter landing on uneven terrain by means of using a scaled articulated robotic landing gear. A mathematical model of an articulated robotic landing gear that adapts to uneven ground conditions is considered. The model consists of a planar landing gear composed of two legs connected by a base and a skid at each end. Each skid has two degrees of freedom with PID joint controllers to provide stability while landing. A combination of Lagrange and Newton-Euler techniques is used to model the system dynamics. This work also includes a model of the ground interaction, a thrust controller and a level controller to maintain stability while landing. Experimental results with a laboratory-build scaled prototype are included and compared with the simulations.","PeriodicalId":299104,"journal":{"name":"2017 Workshop on Research, Education and Development of Unmanned Aerial Systems (RED-UAS)","volume":"102 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127547161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aerial robot coverage path planning approach with concave obstacles in precision agriculture","authors":"The Hung Pham, Y. Bestaoui, S. Mammar","doi":"10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101641","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a new approach for maximizing the coverage path planning while minimizing the path length of an aerial robot in agriculture environment with concave obstacles. For resolving this problem, we propose a new cellular decomposition which is based on a generalization of the Boustrophedon variant, using Morse functions, with an extension of the representation of the critical points. This extension leads to a decrease of the number of cells after decomposition. The results show that this new cellular decomposition works well even with several concave obstacles inside the environment. Furthermore, for path planning, the cells are divided again into two classes, leading to have a cell set better suited for use of the traveling salesman problem (TSP) to get complete coverage. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and TSP algorithm are applied to obtain the shortest path. Then, an approach is also proposed to maximize the scanned area on the working area with obstacles. The proposed method can be applied in precision agriculture for monitoring insects and other crop pests. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified on Matlab/Simulink.","PeriodicalId":299104,"journal":{"name":"2017 Workshop on Research, Education and Development of Unmanned Aerial Systems (RED-UAS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131120061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Krzysztof Cisek, A. Zolich, Kristian Klausen, T. Johansen
{"title":"Ultra-wide band Real time Location Systems: Practical implementation and UAV performance evaluation","authors":"Krzysztof Cisek, A. Zolich, Kristian Klausen, T. Johansen","doi":"10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101667","url":null,"abstract":"Several different methods can be used to determine the 3-dimensional position of an object. A common solution is use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). However, for some operation the specific characteristics of GNSS can be challenging, e.g. time-to-fix on GPS RTK or unavailability of GNSS signals. When considering operations within limited range (a few hundreds of meters) another solution based on Ultra-wideband Real Time Location Systems (UWB RTLS). In this paper authors have tested a set-up of a tag and five anchors in order to determine if such solution can be used in local operations of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (e.g. landing). Experimental data are analyzed and compared against GPS RTK measurements.","PeriodicalId":299104,"journal":{"name":"2017 Workshop on Research, Education and Development of Unmanned Aerial Systems (RED-UAS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131214347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Escareño, J. Castillo, W. Abassi, G. Flores, K. Camarillo
{"title":"Navigation strategy in-flight retrieving and transportation operations for a rotorcraft MAV","authors":"J. Escareño, J. Castillo, W. Abassi, G. Flores, K. Camarillo","doi":"10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101635","url":null,"abstract":"The paper addresses a robust navigation strategy of a rotorcraft class having a simple robotic arm to perform rapid in-flight retrieving operations in presence of wind gusts and aerodynamic effects. The target-acquiring trajectory planner is based on a cosinusoidal dynamic pattern. The mathematical model is extended to account not only the dynamics of the robotic arm but also the aerodynamics. The navigation control scheme is based on a soft integral sliding-mode control (ISC) to stabilize both inner-and outer-loop dynamics regarding the rejection of not only the dynamic couplings but also aerodynamic disturbances. Detailed simulations including realistic aerodynamic effects results show the validity of the proposed navigation strategy while tracking the object-to-retrieve trajectory.","PeriodicalId":299104,"journal":{"name":"2017 Workshop on Research, Education and Development of Unmanned Aerial Systems (RED-UAS)","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125081286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Obstacle avoidance system development for the Ardrone 2.0 using the tum_ardrone package","authors":"F. d'Apolito, C. Sulzbachner","doi":"10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101642","url":null,"abstract":"For micro aerial vehicles (MAV) to operate in indoor environments, several challenges have been identified such as collision avoidance. This paper aims to present a small scale indoor demonstrator of an indoor collision avoidance system using the Parrot Ardrone 2.0 and the tum_ardrone ROS package. In addition, obstacle detection was developed in order to detect obstacles from the point cloud extracted from the Parallel Tracking and Mapping (PTAM) algorithm. Based on the coordinates of the obstacles, the autopilot computes a safe path for the MAV.","PeriodicalId":299104,"journal":{"name":"2017 Workshop on Research, Education and Development of Unmanned Aerial Systems (RED-UAS)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130186096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Qualitative analysis of guidance and control methods for wind gradients exploitation with small fixed wing UAS","authors":"Leopoldo Rodríguez, J. A. Cobano, A. Ollero","doi":"10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101651","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, different Guidance and Control (GC) methods for trajectory tracking are analyzed. This effort considers the ongoing research effort regarding wind features characterization and trajectory generation. The investigation of GC methods is contextualized for long duration missions of small Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). These are often hampered by the platform characteristics with cost and weight stringent restrictions. Therefore, innovative ways of increasing flight duration are necessary to fulfill the safety and reliability requirements for such missions fulfilling the cost and weight constraints. Atmospheric Energy Harvesting has been studied as an alternative for flight duration enhancement. The guidance and control strategies have been focused in the dynamic soaring case, in which the trajectories require precise tracking for energy gain. This gain depends on the tracking ability of the autopilot which motivates this analysis. As a conclusion to this analysis, two methodologies are chosen as candidates for GC, one based on pure differential geometry techniques to formulate simple error equations, and the other that uses adaptive control strategies based on vector field theory to formulate error equations and a Lyapunov function ensuring asymptotic stability with complex curve shapes and wind disturbances.","PeriodicalId":299104,"journal":{"name":"2017 Workshop on Research, Education and Development of Unmanned Aerial Systems (RED-UAS)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121485116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Cuciniello, F. Corraro, L. Garbarino, G. Morani
{"title":"Real time optimal path generation with mission and vehicle maneuvering constraints","authors":"G. Cuciniello, F. Corraro, L. Garbarino, G. Morani","doi":"10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101639","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the generation of three-dimensional trajectories for unmanned aerial systems in presence of path constraints and limited vehicle maneuvering capabilities is discussed. The paper extends a previous work, which concerned with only obstacles of cylindrical shape having infinite height. On the contrary, the proposed algorithm introduces height limitations to cylindrical shape forbidden areas and it can efficiently cope with right prismatic obstacles having limited height, two-dimensional boundary constraints defining the area of operations and, furthermore, three-dimensional minimum height constraints given by terrain elevation data. By limiting the maximum number and shape of the obstacles, the computational effort is also limited, thus making the proposed technique suitable for a real-time implementation. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy has been shown by means of numerical simulations in a single scenario including different types of simultaneous forbidden areas and dynamical constraints.","PeriodicalId":299104,"journal":{"name":"2017 Workshop on Research, Education and Development of Unmanned Aerial Systems (RED-UAS)","volume":"279 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131445695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Autonomous indoor navigation of a stock quadcopter with off-board control","authors":"Adriano Garcia, K. Ghose","doi":"10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101656","url":null,"abstract":"We present an enhanced autonomous indoor navigation system for a stock quadcopter drone where all navigation commands are derived off-board on a base station. The base station processes the video stream transmitted from a forward-facing camera on the drone to determine the drone's physical disposition and trajectory in building hallways to derive steering commands that are sent to the drone. Off-board processing and the lack of on-board sensors for localizing the drone permits standard mid-range quadcopters to be used and conserves the limited power source on the quadcopter. We introduce improved and new techniques, compared to our prototype system [1], to maintain stable flights, estimate distance to hallway intersections and describe algorithms to stop the drone ahead of time and turn correctly at intersections.","PeriodicalId":299104,"journal":{"name":"2017 Workshop on Research, Education and Development of Unmanned Aerial Systems (RED-UAS)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134370066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vertical modeling of a quadcopter for mass estimation and diagnosis purposes","authors":"D. Ho, Jonas Linder, Gustaf Hendeby, M. Enqvist","doi":"10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RED-UAS.2017.8101665","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we estimate a model of the vertical dynamics of a quadcopter and explain how this model can be used for mass estimation and diagnosis of system changes. First, a standard thrust model describing the relation between the calculated control signals of the rotors and the thrust that is commonly used in literature is estimated. The estimation results are compared to those using a refined thrust model and it turns out that the refined model gives a significant improvement. The combination of a nonlinear model and closed-loop data poses some challenges and it is shown that an instrumental variables approach can be used to obtain accurate estimates. Furthermore, we show that the refined model opens up for fault detection of the quadcopter. More specifically, this model can be used for mass estimation and also for diagnosis of other parameters that might vary between and during missions.","PeriodicalId":299104,"journal":{"name":"2017 Workshop on Research, Education and Development of Unmanned Aerial Systems (RED-UAS)","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132604260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}