Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews最新文献

{"title":"A New Way of Protection of The Transmission Power System Against The Effects of Magnetic Storms","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.05.03.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.05.03.10","url":null,"abstract":"Severe collapses caused by anomalies in the Earth’s magnetosphere, known as geomagnetic storms, have been reported in the operation of transmission power systems. A semi-saturating phenomenon occurs in which geomagnetic induced currents (GIC) are induced in high voltage lines, which cause the power transformers of the system to be overloaded with current and subsequently also thermally. The presented article describes a device that will either completely eliminate or at least significantly reduce the possibility of a power transformer accident. The essence of this device are frequency filters, which are automatically connected in parallel to the high-voltage windings of the power transformers at the beginning of the magnetic storm and are disconnected after the storm subsides. The online information about the effect of the magnetic storm on the system is provided by the indicator to the control workplace. The proposed equipment can be easily implemented into existing transmission systems.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122590183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the study of the Ordovician in Tajikistan","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.05.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.05.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"The article summarizes the data obtained for the entire period of study of the Ordovician of Tajikistan and previously published in scattered articles or monographs. Now, the given review of the study is the most complete.It takes into account, if possible, all the literature published on the Southern Tien Shan and Pamir, starting from the first faunistic finds in the 20s of the last century and ending with the 21st century; that is, it reflects information, accumulated for almost one hundred year period. The collected data give an idea of the state of knowledge of the Ordovician deposits on the territory of Tajikistan and will help researchers to more easily navigate the extensive list of literature on the Ordovician region.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131979048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"West Pokot Community Engagement Study on Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.05.03.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.05.03.06","url":null,"abstract":"Climate vulnerability and change can have significant impacts on regional, national, and local development efforts. In order to reduce these impacts and promote climate-resilient development, decision and development practitioners need to understand the climate vulnerabilities of the people, sectors, and community they are working with. Climate vulnerability can be determined by three interacting factors, namely; climate risks and changes, existing resilience capacities and barriers to resilience. Through these aspects, stakeholders can identify what, where, when and why social, economic and environmental systems pose a risk to climate change. The objective of this assessment was to strengthen the capacity of Community Managed Disaster Risk Reduction Committees and communities from Pokot Central and Pokot North sub counties, West Pokot County by engaging the communities on Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis- CVCA training to achieve the links between development and climate related hazards and disaster. Climate vulnerability and Capacity Analysis Approach focuses on options for increasing climatic resilience and adaptations, the involved community structures and stakeholders on Disaster Risk Reduction were able to conduct focus group discussions in Pokot Central and North Pokot Sub counties in context lens towards gender equality, sustainable ecosystem and inclusive governance. The assessment focused on climatic risks and changes, resilience and adaptations pathways and actions from the community. While many of the issues faced involved basic development challenges, climate variability is already having impacts on water, food security, livestock and livelihood of the affected communities. Participatory training methods were used to keep the participants actively involved during the training sessions.Specifically, learner-cantered approaches weredeployed; talks, group work, simulations, slide presentations, plenary discussions, and case studies on Pokot Central and Pokot North. Subject Areas: Climate change impacts, Natural hazards, public policy, Project management, Humanitarian data science","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123780810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Genetic Diversity of Eristalis Tenax(Linnaeus, 1758) From Different Areas of Western Himalaya","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.05.03.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.05.03.08","url":null,"abstract":"During a study period, total 9 localities i.e.Darlaghat (1563m), Jatoli (1464m), KotlaPanjola (1190m), Chandol (1418m), Dhar (1360 m), Alsindi (1132 m), Naldehra (2050 m), Ghanahatti (1668 metres) and Potters hill (1887 m)of Punicagranatum were selected for the field surveysfrom which Eristalis tenax was observed on the Punicagranatumatfour localitiesi.e. Darlaghat (1563 m), Naldehra (1887 m), KotlaPanjola (1190 m) and Pottershill (1418 m) and samples of species were collected.All the sampled species of Eristalis tenax four localities were characterized genetically through mtCOI gene for the intraspecific diversity studies. Multiplesequence alignment between all the mtCOI sequences of Eristalis tenaxrevealed the similar pattern between the nucleotides of all the sequences.Nucleotide content analysis of all the species at first, second and third codon position revealed theaverage A+T percentage (69.14%) was higher than C+T (30.86%). The A+T bias was prominent for all codon sites. Itwas found that transition/transversion value of COI (R) is 0.50 which concluded that there is insignificant neutral selection in samples of Eristalis tenax of Himachal Pradesh. Phylogenetic analysis studies showed that the sample of Naldehra and Darlaghat were phylogenetically similar to each other and the sample of Pottershilland Darlaghat were found to be quite dissimilar from each other.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116858117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geophysical Well Logging Approach Towards Resolving Groundwater Problems of Kolo Community Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.05.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.05.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"The need to find suitable aquifers for underground water production for the use of Kolo Community in Niger Delta Southern Nigeria was identified. Four pilot boreholes were drilled to the depth of 100m each with Gamma Ray and Electric logs comprising of SP, SPR, Resistivity (N8, N16, N32, and N64) ran in the four wells to their total drilled depths. From the gamma ray log, five to six aquifers with average thickness varying from 2m to 19m were identified. Resistivity data obtained were generally low and resistivity values above 600 Ohm-m were recorded to be aquifers with higher groundwater quality and aquifers with resistivity values below 600 Ohm-M were considered to be highly contaminated. For Kolo community, fresh water exploitation should be done with boreholes drilled to a depth of approximately 60metres and the borehole screen properly placed between 48 to 57 meters. It is hereby concluded that the gamma ray and electric logs can effectively be utilized to characterize aquifers to solve underground water problems in riverine areas of the Niger Delta, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129741491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dry Matter Production and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Selected Indigenous and Introduced Grasses under Rangeland Ecosystems of South Eastern Kenya","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.05.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.05.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"This study determined dry matter production and carbon sequestration potential of three indigenous and two introduced grass species under rangeland ecosystems. The indigenous grasses were: - Masai love grass (Eragrostis superba), Foxtail (Cenchrus ciliaris), Bushrye (Entropogon macrostachyus) and the introduced grasses were: - Boma rhodes and Extozi rhodes. The study was in South eastern rangeland of Kenya and data was collected during peak growing period of short and long rain seasons from established pasture plots. Plant samples (above ground, below ground and litter) were harvested by randomly placing 1m2 quadrats in each plot in triplicate. Soil samples were randomly collected from each plot at a depth of 0-20 cm, air-dried and analysed for carbon content using Chromic acid digestion method from each plot under selected grasses, bulk density was determined. Harvested plant samples were oven-dried for 48 hours to stable mass at 65o C, ground (± 2mm size) and combusted in a muffle furnace at 550oc for 4 hours to determine organic matter concentration. The results revealed that indigenous grasses were 24% higher in dry matter production (17.3 vs 14.0tons/ha) and 23% higher in carbon stock (11.3 vs 9.2 tons) (p<0.05). The implication of the results is that indigenous grasses would offer co benefit of higher dry matter production for livestock feeding and higher carbon sink capacity contributing to minimising emission and global warming potential. This is beneficial to mitigating climate change when increasing ruminant production under often degraded rangeland ecosystems. with this evidence, utilisation of indigenous grass species is highly recommended for sustainable rangeland livestock production supporting increased productivity while minimising carbon emissions.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth &amp; Environmental Science Research &amp; Reviews","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116899012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Aboveground Biomass (ABG) Using Allometric Equation: Case Study of Colo-I-Suva Forest Park in Fiji","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.05.03.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.05.03.09","url":null,"abstract":"Forests play an important role in reducing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, thereby mitigating the impact of climate change. Estimating the accumulated biomass in a forest ecosystem is important for assessing the productivity and sustainability of the forest. Allometric models for above ground biomass (AGB)are linear regression equations based on the relationships between biomass and diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), and/or wood density. This study estimates AGB in the Colo-ISuva Forest Park by applying the allometry of Chave et al (2005& 2015) and the diameter: height ratio derived from Payton & Weaver (2011) for height estimation in a plot of 20𝑚 × 20𝑚. 116 trees of 15 different species were measured and AGB was predicted from different diameters (0.4 to 19.4 cm) and heights (1.1 to 16 m). The R² result for each species ranged from 0.504 𝑡𝑜 0.952, showing that the model fits the data and the spatial distribution of AGB shows a positive correlation between AGB and DBH. Above-ground carbon stocks calculated in the study area ranged from 0.03 to 3.5 t C per species with an average of 0.31 t C/species. The total above ground biomass estimated for 1 hectare is 3.7 t C/ha.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth &amp; Environmental Science Research &amp; Reviews","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124078915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring The Land Surface Temperature and Its Correlation with NDVI of Chiniot by Using GIS Technology and Remote Sensing","authors":"A. Yaseen","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.05.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.05.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"The unplanned and rapid increased in unban area have changed the atmospheric conditions and the non-urban area have less warm as compare to urban areas. In study area little portion of Chenab River include and the river bed contains the sand it shows high temperature value due to its specific heat energy. For this study Lands at-5 (February2000), Landsat-7(February 2005,2010) and Landsat-8 (Feb2015, Feb2020, Feb2022) Data acquired from USGS. The LST and NDVI correlation is negative and it is clearly seen that in the analysis of Landsat-8 (OLI/TIRS) the Land Surface Temperature is increases 3.5408o C from 2015 to 2022. The analysis of Landsat-7(ETM+) the Land Surface Temperature is increases 3.3461o C from 2005 to 2010. In the Correlation analysis(LST&NDVI) the most of vegetation occurs between 11 o C to 28 o C.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth &amp; Environmental Science Research &amp; Reviews","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124335125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on Application of Low-Cost Adsorbents for Arsenic Removal","authors":"A. Ali","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.05.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.05.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic’s history in science, medicine and technology has been overshadowed by its notoriety as a poison in homicides. Arsenic is viewed as being synonymous with toxicity. Dangerous arsenic concentrations in natural waters, especially in ground water has become a worldwide problem and often referred to as a 20th–21st century calamity. The current regulation of drinking water standard has become more stringent and requires arsenic content to be reduced few parts per billion. There are numbers of arsenic removal methods, which include coagulation followed by view precipitation, membrane separation, anion exchange, adsorption etc. Some low-cost adsorbents are superior including Dry plants, red mud, fly ash, zeolites, blast furnace slag’s, hydrotalcites, hydroxides and various bio-adsorbents are include bio-char , methylated yeast biomass , fungal biomass , chicken feathers , alginate etc. The use of low-cost adsorbent obtained from an environmentally friendly materials, has been investigated as a replacement for the current expensive methods of removing arsenic from solution. Natural materials or waste products from certain industries with a high capacity for arsenic can be obtained, employed, and disposed of with little cost","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth &amp; Environmental Science Research &amp; Reviews","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127739223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Data Mining Test: An Unexpectedly Effective Tool to Promote Soft and Hard Skills, In Earth Sciences","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.05.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.05.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a recent experience of the serialization of new educational tools and approaches, which became necessary because of the pandemic, and the need to work online. As it is well known, the use of ‘distance learning’ has had several consequences. It has required everyone, teachers, and students alike, to acquire new digital skills: it has entailed psychological disadvantages, such as social isolation, and didactic-educational ones, such as a lack of transparency in the recognition and certification of skills, knowledge, and abilities, which are difficult to measure behind a screen. But it has also required teachers to renew their methodological approaches and to make the best possible use of the tools offered by the new technologies. In Earth Sciences, as in many other disciplines, the frontal approach is the easiest and traditionally most used, especially in front of a silent and dark screen, where the students on-line are represented just by letters or symbols, but it is certainly the least effective in engaging and exciting students. The endless virtual tools available on the web, films, animations, presentations can partly help the teacher to overcome this obstacle, but they cannot replace educational approaches of active teaching, which allow to develop the students’ interest in this field of knowledge and promote skills. In this research we aimed to build models and paths that use data readily available on the web, such as maps, apps, images, useful for the development of hard skills related to Earth Sciences, but also soft skills, such as critical thinking, problem solving, digital literacy, increasingly required in the world of work. The tool used is the Data Mining Test, a tool that requires commitment and practice in its implementation but is very effective. The research is underway, but the results of the first experiments are proving interesting.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth &amp; Environmental Science Research &amp; Reviews","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123768409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}