Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Water Quality of the Sao Goncalo River in the Urban Section of Sao Domingos do Norte-Es","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.07.02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.07.02.09","url":null,"abstract":"The Water Quality Index (WQI) gathers information on physical-chemical and bacteriological parameters. This article analyzed, monthly for one year, water samples collected at the source and downstream of the São Gonçalo River in the municipality of São Domingos do Norte, at Espírito Santo. The average accumulated precipitation of the month that preceded the collection was grouped into dry and rainy periods. Precipitation data allowed classification into dry and rainy periods (p-value 0.0084). The WQI values were calculated and statistically evaluated regarding the collection point and precipitation (p-value 0.0125). In dry periods, the WQI presented lower values than in rainy periods. It was observed that at the source of the river, the WQI value was higher than downstream from the urban center due to anthropological action. Finally, the research allowed the identification of the temporal and spatial variation of the water body resulting from contamination by sewage contribution.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":" 444","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141669322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular Economy in Haiti and Least Developed Countries to Improve Social Justice The Missing Aspects of The Circular Economy Discourse","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.07.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.07.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Current development aid methods implemented by NGOs have demonstrated to generate negative consequences as for example to weaken the role of state, create dependency and reproduce imperialistic power relations. Furthermore, despite great efforts, good wills and a lot of money spent by NGOs and international agencies for development aid projects in Haiti all along the last few decades, little to no results have been reached in a long-term perspective. The purpose of this work is therefore to present and evaluate a new strategy for the field of developmental aid, which is based in this case on the circular economy principles and that is intended to produce a long-lasting change. Circular economy is a relatively new method of thinking about production which will lead the economy of the future, however, its positive effects have been analyzed only in relation to the industrialized and industrializing world, while for the moment no studies have been produced to understand its applicability in the least developed countries of the world. Therefore, this article is of exploratory nature and aims to start a discussion on this subject and to contribute to the understanding of the benefits that circular economy-based projects could generates in fragile and failed states like Haiti. The method utilized has been the one of bibliographic research and a case study, which deeply describe a social-eco enterprise that works in Haiti applying circular economy principles to its projects, is provided. The results confirmed our hypothesis and sustained the idea that to generate long lasting changes and to improve social justice in Haiti and in the other least developed countries of the world, these kind of projects are more than necessary. While the main limit of our method is that we have been able to presents a single case study only, to conclude, we suggest that further studies in this direction and the provision of more case studies by other researchers could better contribute to the solving of the questions generated by this research and could provide more data in support of our assumptions.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"71 s298","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141002278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Growth Modeling in Kurunegala, Sri Lanka using Cellular Automata/Markov Chain Multi-criteria Analysis and Markov-Markovian Transition Estimator","authors":"Farasath Hasan","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.07.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.07.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"With accelerated global urbanization, the expansion of cities has become a pressing concern for urban planners and researchers. The growth and dynamics of urban encroachment are closely tied to changes in land use, especially in urbanized areas. This study seeks to evaluate the accuracy of the CA-Markov (Cellular Automata) model in predicting land use/land cover changes (LULCC) in the Kurunegala district, Sri Lanka as a result of urban expansion. The investigation employs secondary data, including 2007, 2012, 2017, and 2022 Landsat 05, 07, 08, and 09 images respectively. Using software applications such as ArcGIS 10.8, IDRISI 17.0, and MS-Excel 2019, diverse techniques including supervised classification, Markovian transition estimation, and CAMarkov chain analysis, this study attempts to analyze the Urban Growth Modeling for 2027 and 2037 using CA-Markov Chain Multi-criteria Analysis (MCA) under Markov-Markovian Transition Estimator. The study used 32 spatial variables for determining the LULCC. As per the derived results, from 2022 to 2027, urban areas have increased quite markedly. The vegetation cover area has reduced and the areas of water bodies have increased spatially. From 2027 to 2037, the urban area increment is 72.552%. Also, vegetation cover and water body distribution have reduced by 8.051% and 39.91% respectively.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141009714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Genetic Diversity of Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer, 1776) From Different Regions of Himachal Pradesh On the Basis of Designed COI Primer","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.04.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.04.06","url":null,"abstract":"During present investigation, a total nine localities i.e. Darlaghat (1563m), Jatoli (1464m), Kotla Panjola (1190m), Chandol (1418m), Dhar (1360 m), Alsindi (1132 m), Naldehra (2050 m), Ghanahatti (1668 metres) and Potters hill (1887 m) of Punica granatum were selected for the field surveys of insect pollinators from which Episyrphus balteatus was observed at four localities of Himachal pradesh i.e. Dhar (1360 m), Ghanahatti (1668 m), Kotla Panjola (1190m) and Naldehra (1887 m) and samples of species were collected. All the sampled species of Episyrphus balteatus from four localities were characterized genetically through mtCOI gene for the intraspecific diversity studies. Multiple sequence alignment between all the mtCOI sequences of Episyrphus balteatus revealed the similar pattern between the nucleotides of all the sequences. Nucleotide content analysis of all the species at first, second and third codon position revealed the average A+T percentage (69.96%) found to be higher than C+T (30.13%). The A+T bias was pronounced in general for this region for all codon positions. It was found that transition/transversion value of COI (R) is 0.00 which concluded that there is insignificant neutral selection in samples of Episyrphus balteatus of Himachal Pradesh. Phylogenetic analysis studies showed the sample of Naldehra and Ghanahatti were found to be closely related to each other and of Dhar and Kotla Panjola samples were also phylogenetically close to each other. Distance matrix also clearly indicates the very less difference among the sampled species proves that there is no genetic diversity between them.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"28 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139237468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Assessment of Tourists’ Attitude on Environmental Degradation of the Godavari River Region","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.04.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.04.05","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a small portion of the broader research, it includes a collection of primary data. Generally, any tourist can feel happy and enjoy more if the river environment is good in all respects. Hence, an attempt is made to know the attitudes of tourists on the need for attention on river environment degradation. The tourist having any type of occupation reacted that there is a most needed attention on degradation of river region environment. Godavari is the second-longest river, containing huge river basin, stood first in India by culturally in rich heterogeneous inhabitants. The universe of the study is the end flowing area of 220 kilometers from ‘Eastern Ghats to Bay of Bengal’ covering two regions with in the Andhra Pradesh. The present study is focused on temple, eco and rural areas of tourism in the Godavari river region places. Estimated annual tourist population is six lacks and the aggregate sample size is 600. The interview schedule was used as an instrument for the collection of data during the field survey.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139307820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geophysical Based Groundwater Potential Zone Mapping: Perspectives and Inferences from Lisana Area along the Guder River, Western Margin of the Central Main Ethiopian Rift","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.04.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.04.04","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical electrical soundings and magnetic data were used to map the groundwater aquifer system in the Lisana area along the Guder River, northeast of Hosanna town, near the western margin of the Central Main Ethiopian Rift. The surveys were used to map a potential aquifer zone and investigate the groundwater potential for the current and future development of the resource in the Lisana area. The VES data were used to map the depth of a potential aquifer zone and its distribution over the area. The magnetic survey was used to delineate contacts between lithologic units and geological structures. Two-dimensional magnetic forward modeling and one-dimensional electrical modeling were used to identify fractures and lithological units containing potential groundwater. The magnetic and electrical resistivity modeling indicated that a potential aquifer occurs at a depth range from 115m to 142m. The potential aquifer occurs within weathered and fractured ignimbrite and a pumice layer containing sandy soil. This latter lithological unit is the main water-bearing horizon.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139336329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Climate Change Mitigation, Mitigation Strategies, and Technologies to Reduce Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Concentrations: A Review","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.04.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.04.03","url":null,"abstract":"Natural and human-induced climate change could have major adverse consequences for the world’s ecosystems and societies. It is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, which trap long wave radiation in the upper atmosphere and thus raise atmospheric temperatures as well as produce other changes in the climate system. In order to minimize these negative impacts, different strategies are suggested, among which the two major ones are adaptation and mitigation. The review was based on secondary data obtained through various sources such as textbooks, journals, conference papers, and published and unpublished materials, with an emphasis on mitigation, which is intended to either reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from sources that are warming our planet or increase the various ways through which greenhouse gases can be removed from the atmosphere. To this end, concepts of sources and sinks were defined and major sources and sinks with possible ways to decrease emissions from sources and enhance sinks were reviewed. Furthermore, various mitigation technologies were examined sector by sector. Finally, as a case study, climate change mitigation in the energy and agriculture sectors in Ethiopia were also reviewed.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Tools for further Investigating Acid Mining Production: Intercomparison of Four Hydrological Model Versions through a Scoring Technique on the Niger River Basin, in west Africa","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"We modify a framework to model time series of discharges, on watersheds of the Niger River and its tributaries, over 1901- 2020. This framework is built from a French hydrological model – Genie Rural with 2 parameters at Monthly time step – GR2M. The first parameter, X1, concerns the input variables. This parameter is applied to the rainfall and the evapotranspiration data; its reciprocal, 1/X1, is applied to the Soil’s Water Holding Capacity data (assimilated to reservoir height). The second parameter, X2, is applied to the time series of discharges, which is the output variable in modelling. Modifications lead to a new model version called SimulHyd, which stands for Simulation of Hydrological systems. A weighting rule on grids is inserted into the framework to create a gridded variant of semi-distributed modelling from a lumped model. Following a World Meteorological Organization’s goal, we develop a scoring technique for intercomparisons of model versions on both one single and several catchments. Over the 16 watersheds, a three-model intercomparison shows the preponderance of SimulHyd semi distributed (with 117.83 out of 192 total scoring-points, equivalent to 61.37%) over both GR2M nondistributed (with 61.33 scoring-points, or 31.94%) and GR2M semi-distributed (with 12.83 scoring-points, or 6.68%).","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Statistical Analysis to Assess Shallow Groundwater Quality in Squatter Settlement of Dar es Salaam and Pwani Regions in Tanzania","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"In Dar es Salaam and the Coastal regions, groundwater is the primary source of freshwater. Urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural activities have all contributed to the overuse of this resource, resulting in a decline in quality. In this study, we employ statistical analysis as a means to improve our understanding on groundwater quality. Seventy-one groundwater samples in squatter areas of Dar es Salaam and Coastal regions were used with 10 chemical parameters. Based on their dominant chemical compositions, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) classified samples into three main clusters. The clusters were then characterized with the help of the results from principal component analysis (PCA), Pearson's correlation coefficient of the chemical variables and piper diagrams. Cluster one was characterized by high salinity as a result of seawater intrusion. Cluster two was characterized by an intermediate salinity and high contamination. This was a result of sewage contamination and a moderate effect of seawater intrusion. With a low level of salinity and contamination, cluster three was found to be suitable for human consumption. The information obtained from this study demonstrates that the quality of the water has declined in some areas within the chosen regions. Therefore, prompt action is required to prevent further deterioration to the aquifers in the region.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for Bioactive Compounds in Extracts from Leaves, Leafstalks, and Fruits of Ficus Carica","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.03.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.03.09","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous, Ethanol extracts and Fig's milk were preliminary phytochemically screened and tested against some pathogenic bacteria. Qualitatively analysis revealed Tannin, Saponin, Flavonoids and Terpenoids and phlobatannins and Steroids gave positive results. Quantitative analysis showed that the highest percentage of alkaloid was 41% in fig milk and 39% in plant leaves. In addition, the crude extracts of fig's milk as well as of the raw plant extracts were tested (using the Disc Diffusion Method) for their antimicrobial activity against the bacterial pathogens. The influences of aqueous and ethanol extracts on some pathogenic: two strains of gram-positive bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia.., and two strains of gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella SPP and Klebsiella aerogenes. , and the sensitivity of the microorganisms to the extracts of plant’s species were compared with each other and with designated antibiotics by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones, After incubation, the zone of inhibition was measured in mm, a good inhibition of more than 6 mm were observed indicating the effective antibacterial activity of the bioactive compounds in both of the plants leaves extracts and fig's milk. Moreover, the including results of the antibacterial activities of plants leaves extracts and fig's milk were discussed regarding their phytochemical components which exhibited that have a good inhibition zone against six tested bacterial strains.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133101977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}