Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Aromatic Hydrocarbons as Implication from Fingerprints and Their Impact to The Oil Pollution in The Suez Gulf, Egypt","authors":"Omayma E. Ahmeda, Abedel Aziz Al-Fadhlia, Ahmed M. Eldesokyb, Mohamed M. El Nadya","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.05.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.05.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical fingerprinting is an aspect of environmental forensic investigation which involves chemical analysis of contaminants and associated chemicals to provide source-specific information. In this research, ten fish species from the Suez Gulf region were subjected to the total concentration of 16-PAHs ranging from 81.499 to 5895.608 ng/g wet ng/g. wet wt., and chemical fingerprinting employing some of the quantitative diagnostic ratios with the aim of ascertaining the precise nature and source of the contaminants. PAHs fingerprinting involves the determination of a number of quantitative diagnostic ratios of source-specific marker PAH compounds. These quantitative diagnostic ratios may be used to distinguish petrogenic PAHs including phenanthrene/anthracene; benz (a) anthracene/chrysene; fluoranthene/ pyrene; phenanthrene/(phenanthrene +anthracene) and indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene/indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene + benzo (ghi) perylene from other sources. It was found that the PAHs contamination in the Suez Gulf is not only emanating from petrogenic sources but other multiple sources contribute significantly.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131130979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot Review Study on the Importance of Treated Agro-Industrial Wastewater to Reuse for Irrigating Agriculture","authors":"Anbessie Debebe Aboye","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.05.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.05.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose this review study is to present fundamentals of wastewater conservation and treatment method amid at using it for irrigating agriculture in a manner understandable to those most concerned with such knowledge and also to provide the wastewater users with an insight into the many ways in which they are dependent on soil and water for survival. In most parts of Ethiopia, the water needed for crop production is provided mainly by rainfall. These days; however, the effectiveness and sufficiency of rain fall, even in high rainfall receiving areas, is interrupted by its erratic occurrence, uneven distribution, poor soil and water managements. There is also scarcity of water during dry seasons. To achieve this, integrated participation and coordinated efforts of the different institutions is highly considered. After introducing provisions and expressions of wastewater use, this study highlights their global drivers and significance using examples from various parts of the developing world. It is useful in the discussion to differentiate between unplanned use of wastewater resultant from deprived sanitation, and planned use which tries to address matters such as economic or physical water scarcity. Both types of wastewater use can have significant socio-economic benefits but also institutional challenges and risks which require various management approaches. Based on the laboratory test results and the field experimental research activities conducted on cereal crops like wheat and barley as well as the pulse crops of the field pea and Faba bean crops which planted in the agro-industrial wastewater of Asella Malt Factory have performed very well at 25%, 50% and 75% of fresh water and wastewater dilutions in favor of their intensive growth rate performance of the seeds. There is a need for the consequent study to apply the principles of wastewater management and treatment method to use it for irrigating agriculture. The author links wastewater and health to the establishment and implementation of effective, affordable and efficient options for risk reduction. Under the conditions applied in this study, the reuse of treated agro-industrial wastewater for irrigation can be considered an effective way to cope with agricultural water shortage in the Mediterranean area. We can expect the entire information quantified in this paper will influence further applied multidisciplinary research on wastewater use related risk and its alleviation.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124288037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyethylene Stability for Structures using Chemical and Physical Vapor Deposition","authors":"S. Ubani","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.05.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.05.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to develop methodology on the development of polyethylene composites. The two processes compared where chemical and physical vapor deposition in a chamber. The process parameters where scanning speed and vapor pressure. The response was hatch distance and surface height. The results indicated different surface morphology of concave and convex patterns. The spacing of Intergranular distance of the polymer was double with PVD than with CVD. To give a layer height 30% greater. The reproducibility was high able to develop intricate parts.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129478028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic Study and Oxidation Productsfor the Reaction of Methyl Ethyl Sulfide CH3 SCH2 CH3 with O2 at Standard Conditions.","authors":"Hebah Abdel-Wahab, T. Gund","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.05.01.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.05.01.11","url":null,"abstract":"Entropyand Gibb’s free energy change for all possible reaction pathways of oxidation of radicals of methyl ethyl sulfide radicals were calculated. Enthalpy change for the reaction pathways was also calculated and compared to the values calculated using CBS-QB3 DFT method. Energetically favorable products for the oxidation of radicals of methyl ethyl sulfide radicals at 298 K and 1 atm pressure, and under high temperatures were determined.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127924438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triggering Earthquakes Fluctuations of The Planetary Gravitational Field and Nonlinear Interactions with Matter","authors":"M. Nitsche","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.05.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.05.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates the extent to which a non-linear correlation function can describe the influence of the planetary gravitational field on the triggering of earthquakes. This method differs from the methods I have known so far, which have only investigated the position of the Sun and Moon. A correlation function is developed that can describe changes in the probability of stable and unstable states in matter. It can be shown that about 6% of the investigated earthquakes can be triggered by the planetary gravitational field. The method could also be suitable as an element for artificial intelligence.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"91 1-2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132062438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Array Multi-Physics Acquisition System with Focus on Reservoir Monitoring","authors":"K. Strack, A. Y. Paembonan, S. Davydycheva, T. Hanstein, M. Smirnov","doi":"10.20944/preprints202109.0406.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202109.0406.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Focusing geophysics to improve recovery factor of hydrocarbon reservoirs adds value and contributes toward ZERO carbon footprint by increasing the recovery factor by of 30-40 % and thus reducing the cost/carbon emission per produced barrel. Thus, the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) market is expected to grow more than 3.5% annually. This will be even more fueled by the Green-House-Gas (GHG) reduction and subsequent CO2 injection into the reservoirs as they are being produced. Presently, geophysics only ac-counts for a small percentage of this market, thus its growth is inevitable since more deterministic observation lead higher operating efficiency. Imaging the fluids (hydro-carbon, water, and CO2) is a key component to optimized production and injection. We designed a novel electromagnetic (EM) acquisition system that combines mul-ti-physics fluid imaging and acquires surface and borehole data with high fidelity. Borehole calibration is needed to upscale reservoir data and parameters to measurement scale. Multiple electromagnetic methods are used as well as microseismics in one layout for Exploration and Production (E & P) problems. Multi-components in electromagnetics allows resolving oil and water-bearing zones equally well while achieving the best ac-curacy suitable for repeat measurements. Because sedimentary basins are intrinsically anisotropic, considering 3-dimensional anisotropy is essential from measurement and 3D modeling viewpoint. Thus, the results have the better subsurface images. Here, we combine hardware design, methodology, 3D modeling, processing, and interpretations into an integrated technology and demonstrate the success with verifiable case histories.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134347753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use Of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria And Humic Acids For Phytostabilization of Acid-Generating Mining Wastes","authors":"S. Bratkova, K. Nikolova, P. Genova, Anatoliy T. Angelov","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-550365/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-550365/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Generation of acidic mine drainage is a major environmental problem in areas with mining waste. The cost-effective method for reclaiming of acid-generating mining wastes is a vegetation cover. Using plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) and humic acid in remediation have several beneficial effects. The application of both humic substances and PGPR resulted in a decrease in Cu, Fe, Zn and sulfate concentrations in a variety of drainage water samples. Both PGPR and humic acid improve plant growth when used separately, however, the combination of both treatments has the most positive effect on fresh biomass yield – between 22% and 43 % and dry biomass of plants – between 31% and 41 %. Furthermore, addition of Bacillus and Pseudomonas bacteria, in combination with humic acids, to poor soil for reclamation improved grass mineral nutrition and reduced Cu and Zn uptake. The treatment with PGPR and humic acids significantly increased the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by plants.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122512549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contribution of The Joule-Thomson Effect To Solar Coronal Heatin","authors":"C. Vita-Finzi","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Two of the three gases that display isenthalpic Joule-Thomson (JT) warming under laboratory conditions are hydrogen and helium, the main constituents of the solar plasma, as the inversion point at which expansion results in heating is only ~51 K for helium and ~193 K for hydrogen, but the temperatures that are attained by this route are at most a few hundred K. Increases in ion temperature by several orders of magnitude are claimed for hydrogen plasmas subject to expansion into a vacuum; modest increases are reported for the short lived tests of this effect that have been carried out in space in the wakes of artificial satellites and of the Moon.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130787603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Solar Chromosphere as Induction Disk and The Inverse Joule-Thomson Effect","authors":"C. Vita-Finzi","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"The connection between nuclear fusion in the Sun’s core and solar irradiance is obscured among other things by uncertainty over the mechanism of coronal heating. Data for solar wind density and velocity, sunspot number, and EUV flux suggest that electromagnetic energy from the Sun’s convection zone is converted by induction through the chromosphere into thermal energy. The helium and hydrogen mixture exhaled by the Sun is then heated by the inverse Joule-Thomson effect when it expands via the corona into space. The almost complete shutdown of the solar wind on 10-11 May 1999 demonstrated that its velocity is a more faithful indicator of solar activity than are sunspots as it reflects short-term variations in coronal heating rather than quasicyclical fluctuations in the Sun’s magnetism. Its reconstruction from the cosmic ray flux using isotopes spanning over 800,000 yr should therefore benefit the analysis and long-term forecasting of Earth and space weather","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126557799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}