Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews最新文献

{"title":"The Dual Energy Supply of Eukaryotic Cells","authors":"János Hunyady","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.03.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.03.08","url":null,"abstract":"The regeneration of tissue damage is possible because our cells have a dual-energy supply system and can ensure tissue regeneration without O2. The publication summarizes the defining elements of the structures responsible for energy and energy-carrier transformation, specifically, the hypothetical Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)-producing unit, the Structure for Energy Transformation (SET) of anaerobic glycolysis (SET-AG), and the SET of oxidative phosphorylation (SET-OP). SETAG is responsible for the anaerobic fermentation, while SET-OP is for the aerobic oxidative phosphorylation. The hypothesis also describes where the ADP, PO33- and energy for ATP formation come from during ATP synthesis in ATP synthase.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125122499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The-Cyclone-Freddy-in-The-Southwest-Indian-Ocean-(2022-2023-CycloneSeason)","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.03.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.03.07","url":null,"abstract":"The-conditions-for-the-formation-of-cyclones-formulated-byPalmen,-cited-by-G.-Donque,-are-present-in-the-southwestIndian-Ocean.-The-first-frequent-formation-area-is-in-the-centerof-the-Indian-Ocean,-at-the-level-of-Agalega-and-near-DiegoGarcia.-These-cyclones-move-from-east-to-west-and-crossthe-extreme-north-of-the-island-to-exit-into-the-MozambiqueChannel:-this-type-of-trajectory-represents-14%-of-thetrajectories-from-1959-89.-Cyclones-with-this-type-of-trajectoryappear-at-the-beginning-of-the-austral-summer:-from-October-toDecember.-The-second-preferred-formation-area-in-the-IndianOcean-is-near-the-island-of-Tromelin,-where-cyclones-enter-theeast-coast-south-of-Toamasina.-In-this-case,-cyclones-can-climbthe-eastern-slope,-cross-the-Highlands-south-of-Antananarivo,- and-exit-the-island-between-Morondava-and-Toliara.-This-typeof-trajectory-represents-12%-of-the-trajectories-from-1959-89.- A-third-type-of-trajectory-was-observed-entering-Madagascarat-Mananjary-to-exit-near-Faux-Cap.-They-represent-9%-ofcyclones-from-1959-89,-and-a-fourth-type-of-trajectory-onlyconcerns-the-east-coast-of-Madagascar,-where-cyclones-runalong-the-eastern-slope-to-exit-on-the-side-of-Farafangana- (9%)-or-by-taking-a-maritime-trajectory-off-the-east-coast- (22%).-Currently,-the-first-type-of-trajectory-remains-the-mostimportant.-Out-of-24-cyclones-born-in-the-Indian-Ocean,- 7/24-have-this-first-type-of-trajectory.-The-second-type-hasoccurred-only-twice,-2/24,-the-third-type-only-once,-1/24-in-20- years.-However,-the-fourth-type-of-trajectory-is-still-the-mostfollowed-by-cyclones,-with-a-frequency-of-7/24.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126872886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization Of Drones as A Tool For Monitoring Progress In Civil Engineering Construction Using Enugu State As A Case Study","authors":"O. Joshua, Oyebode, C. Omohimoria, F.A. Oyebode, Chinyere Nnenna Igwegbe, Bitrus Elesa","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.03.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.03.06","url":null,"abstract":"The hazardous nature of the Nigerian building construction sector is alarming due to the dearth of construction data and records of incidents that have led to the loss of life, property damage, injuries, and loss of materials on construction sites This study aims to assess the effectiveness of drone monitoring of security and safety at Nigerian building sites in reducing hazardous site conditions. The following hypotheses were made to meet the study's goal and objective to assess the level of drones using Enugu State in Nigeria as a case study. The Methodology includes a literature survey and questionnaires at various sites. 242 people responded to the survey. To assess the constraints of employing quadcopters and other drones/UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) for safety and security surveillance on construction sites in Enugu State, Nigeria. Inventive drones and the DJI Phantom 3 Standard Both types of drones were used in this experiment. The targeted experts and stakeholders included architects, builders, engineers, quantity surveyors, land surveyors, estate surveyors, and clients. The data were analyzed using the SPSS computer program for Windows, version 23.0. Only 65 per cent of respondents were aware of the drone idea, although 51 per cent of respondents used drones in various construction monitoring sectors. The adoption rate of 17.6% for safety and security monitoring, however, was deemed low by participants in the Enugu State building construction sector. Drones have been successfully used in developed countries such as America, Europe, China, Australia, and India, to monitor safety and security as well as the progress of both large-scale and high-rise construction projects. As a tool for monitoring the security and safety of all building phases, drones are still in their infancy from the Nigerian perspective. The successful use of drones in Nigeria is encouraged since realistic imagery generated from drones may be used for analysis and evaluation of ongoing construction work, including planning movement on site and monitoring materials on site and may be archived for future purposes","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"351 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115302947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proterozoic Slushball Earth and Generation of Excess Oxygen not achieved by Photosynthesis","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Earth-scale top model, the Earth’s axis was tilted approximately 1.8 billion years between 2.7 billion to 900 million years ago. This resulted in the freezing of the equatorial zone and the recognition of a Slushball Earth, explaining the Pongola, Huronian, Sturtian, Marinoan, and Gondwana -glaciations as well as numerous other historical events of the Earth. The hypothesis that nitrogen, oxygen, and water were formed due to nuclear transmutation at high temperatures and pressures, suggests that excess oxygen was produced during photosynthesis and nitrogen and water were expelled into the atmosphere from magma reservoirs in the upper mantle through an open system which caused volcanoes in ocean islands. The evolution of atmospheric oxygen concentration leading to the development of life over the past 400 million years, can be explained by the nitrogen released into the stratosphere through open systems while the magma reservoirs are blocked.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129684790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Pit latrines on Groundwater Quality in Squatter Settlements in Zanzibar","authors":"S. Suleiman, Bakari, Zeyana Nassor Suleiman, Hassan Rashid, Kombo Hamad","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater is the major source of drinking water in Zanzibar. Most of the people in squatter settlement rely on shallow groundwater due to insufficient supply of treated water. In these areas, shallow wells are located close to pit latrines, the condition which increasing the risk of contamination. This study aimed to assess the impact of pit latrines on groundwater quality in five sub-urban areas of squatter settlements in Unguja Island. Water samples were collected from twenty shallow wells and analyzed for the microbiological and physio-chemical parameters. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model was used to assess the influence of distance from pit latrine to the groundwater sources. The data revealed that nitrate and chloride concentrations increases when the distance between the shallow wells and the nearest pit latrine decreases. In contrary, faecal coliform counts shows that for every unit increase in the distance from pit latrine to the shallow wells the counts decreased by 42 CFU/100 ml. However, OLS regression model did not show significant relationship of total coliform and distance from the well. This study suggests that there are other factors that may accelerate the total coliform bacteria in water wells. These results illustrate that public health risks associated with waterborne diseases could be ranked high at densely populated squatter settlement. Thus, the study recommends that routine monitoring of shallow wells is required as well as application of low-cost technologies such as raised and lined pit latrines in order to minimize potential risk of groundwater pollution.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122521047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rainfall Variability and Agricultural Potential of the Baiboho in the Urban Commune of Miandrivazo, Menabe Region, Central-West Madagascar","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"Global food supply is currently a major concern of the FAO due to the increasing demand from the world population. It has been observed that the crop system is affected by climate change, and this is also the case for the Mahajilo alluvial plain in Miandrivazo. The area is subjected annually to unpredictable situations because the rainfall during the rainy season determines the availability of land for cultivation and water resources. This study is based on field observations and relates the collected information to the annual rainfall pattern. The limitations of this study are the lack of hydrological data and knowledge of the erosion phenomenon in the Mahajilo basin.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115481596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-neutral and socially inclusive abstraction of atmospheric CO2","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"A scheme is outlined for combating the overheated greenhouse effect by complementing measures to reduce CO2 generation by extracting CO2 at source and from the atmosphere. The gas is absorbed in sodium hydroxide (NaOH), as in many similar systems, but the process is powered by natural wind or solar pumps, the resulting Na2 CO3 and NaHCO3 are marketed, and fresh NaOH is generated mainly by electrodialysis of waste brine from solar desalination plants. The scheme could run at two main scales: domestic and industrial. The former requires integration into the social fabric, as has been waste recycling in the UK, the low CO2 extraction throughput to be compensated by the deployment of many millions of domestic units. The second scale is exemplified by CO2 traps mounted at favourable elevation, notably on some of the 350,000 major wind turbines operating worldwide. Atmospheric decarbonation would be complemented by CO2 trapping at its source, whether major, such as power stations, or minor but numerous, such as vehicles powered by fossil fuels.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124391664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated Motion towards Relativistic Velocities Described by Newtonian Mechanics","authors":"Eltjo Haselhoff Independent","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a simple geometric derivation of the equations of motion for an object that accelerates from zero speed towards a relativistic velocity. This is not done by using the Theory of Special Relativity, but with Newtonian Mechanics only. The results are identical to those derived by the Theory of Special Relativity, with the exception of the expression for time dilation, in case the clock postulate is not applied. The clock postulate is used by Special Relativity and assumes that the time dilation of an accelerating object at any moment in time depends on its contemporary velocity only. It is shown that the clock postulate is violated in case of continuous longitudinal acceleration, and an alternative expression for accelerated time dilation is presented without the need for the clock postulate","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122366967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiment Measurement of the Dry Density Variations and Shear Stress with the Different Depth Variations","authors":"Thy Truc Doan","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.02.09","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of the dry density variations and shear stress with the different depth variations were shown clearly with the particular process. Results show the Dry unit weight (density) increases gradually with the increase of different depths. The biggest dry density was obtained at 1.582 g/cm3 at 18.3m depth of boreholes (“HK1, 2, and 3”); whereas the lowest value was obtained at 0.74 g/cm3 at 4.3m depth. On the other hand, the dry density changed with the constant loading process. The biggest dry density is 1.954 g/cm3 at 18.3m depth and the lowest value is 1.482 g/cm3 at 8.3m depth (before loading); The biggest value is 2.074 g/cm3 at 18.3m depth and the lowest value is 1.621 g/cm3 at 8.3m depth (after loading). Moreover, shear stress was measured carefully at different depths. At the Clay layer, the lowest value is τ1 with 0.052 kG/cm2 at 4.8m depth; whereas the biggest is τ3 with 1.750 kG/cm2 at 39.6m depth. The biggest value is τ2 with 1.276 kG/cm2 at 17.8m depth. At the Sand layer, the lowest value is τ1 with 0.586 kG/cm2 at 29.8m depth; whereas the biggest is τ3 with 1.750 kG/cm2 at 39.6m depth and τ2 with 1.21 kG/cm2 at 36.0m depth.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130573906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite Element Method of the Influence Evaluation of the Percentage of Fine Particles of Marine Clay at the Different Depth Variations to the Total Volumetric Strain of the Soft Clay Ground","authors":"Thy Truc Doan, Thy Truc, Doan","doi":"10.33140/eesrr.06.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/eesrr.06.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"Finite element method of the influence evaluation of the percentage of fine particles of marine clay at the different depth variations to the total volumetric strain of the soft clay ground is determined by the Viet Nam standard TCVN 4196:2012; TCVN 4102:2012; TCVN 4197:2012; TCVN 4199:2012. Results show clearly the percentage of the fine clay particle and the total volumetric strain (ε) with depths. The minimum value of 12% and 0.00002617 at 19.3m depth; whereas the maximum value of 38% and 0.00002609 at 25.3m depth. Moreover, a consideration of the relationship between Internal friction angle, Cohesive force, Water content, Saturation, Porosity, Viscosity, and Plasticity index with depths. Results show remarkably the increasing of the depths as the variations of the percentage of fine particles of marine clay and cohesive force, viscosity, water content, and porosity; compared with the decrease of the plasticity and internal friction angle. It is easy to conclude that the total volumetric strain of the soft clay ground is a stable and safe state to use and design the building, construction, and reference of engineers, geologists, scientists, and so on in the future.","PeriodicalId":298809,"journal":{"name":"Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114718352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}