Industrial Chemistry & Materials最新文献

{"title":"Does the platinum-loading in proton-exchange membrane fuel cell cathodes influence the durability of the membrane-electrode assembly?†","authors":"Ricardo Sgarbi, William Ait Idir, Quentin Labarde, Michel Mermoux, Peizhe Wu, Julia Mainka, Jérôme Dillet, Clémence Marty, Fabrice Micoud, Olivier Lottin and Marian Chatenet","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00059A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00059A","url":null,"abstract":"<p>MEAs with various cathode Pt loadings were elaborated and aged using a multiple-stressor accelerated stress test (AST) in a segmented PEMFC. The thinnest (lowest Pt loading) cathodes have lower initial activity, owing to larger oxygen reduction reaction hindrance and oxygen transport resistance. Although the lowest cathode Pt loadings initially degrade faster, the overall loss of ECSA at end-of-test is nearly similar whatever the cathode Pt loading, with no local heterogeneities of aging detected along the gas channels. The cathode Pt/C catalyst degrades mostly by Ostwald ripening (which seems more pronounced for lower cathode Pt loading) and nanoparticles agglomeration, owing to superficial carbon functionalization and related Pt crystallite migration: no consequent carbon corrosion is witnessed in this AST. Also, the oxidized Pt<small>²⁺</small> ions formed by Pt corrosion diffuse/migrate roughly in a similar manner through the membrane for all cathode Pt loadings, and are re-deposited by crossover H<small>₂</small> close to the cathode|membrane interface. Overall, the mechanisms of Pt/C degradation are not depending on the cathode Pt loading for the chosen AST.</p><p>Keywords: Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC); Cathode catalyst layer (CL); Platinum loading; Durability.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 4","pages":" 501-515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00059a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49995217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on electrocatalytic performance and material degradation of an N-doped graphene-MOF nanocatalyst in emulated electrochemical environments†","authors":"Niladri Talukder, Yudong Wang, Bharath Babu Nunna, Xiao Tong, Jorge Anibal Boscoboinik and Eon Soo Lee","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00044C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00044C","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To develop graphene-based nanomaterials as reliable catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems (<em>e.g.</em> PEM fuel cells, metal–air batteries, <em>etc.</em>), it is imperative to critically understand their performance changes and correlated material degradation processes under different operational conditions. In these systems, hydrogen peroxide (H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>) is often an inevitable byproduct of the catalytic oxygen reduction reaction, which can be detrimental to the catalysts, electrodes, and electrolyte materials. Here, we studied how the electrocatalytic performance changes for a heterogeneous nanocatalyst named nitrogen-doped graphene integrated with a metal–organic framework (N-G/MOF) by the effect of H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>, and correlated the degradation process of the catalyst in terms of the changes in elemental compositions, chemical bonds, crystal structures, and morphology. The catalyst samples were treated with five different concentrations of H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> to emulate the operational conditions and examined to quantify the changes in electrocatalytic performances in an alkaline medium, elemental composition and chemical bonds, crystal structure, and morphology. The electrocatalytic performance considerably declined as the H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> concentration reached above 0.1 M. The XPS analyses suggest the formation of different oxygen functional groups on the material surface, the breakdown of the material's C–C bonds, and a sharp decline in pyridinic-N functional groups due to gradually harsher H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> treatments. In higher concentrations, the H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>-derived radicals altered the crystalline and morphological features of the catalyst.</p><p>Keywords: Nitrogen-doped graphene-based electrocatalyst; Metal–organic framework; Hydrogen peroxide effect on catalyst; Electrocatalytic performance; Material degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 3","pages":" 360-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00044c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49994728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing active and stable Ir-based catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Zijie Lin, Tanyuan Wang and Qing Li","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00070B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00070B","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The widespread application of polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) remains a tough challenge to date, as they rely on the use of highly scarce iridium (Ir) with insufficient catalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Therefore, exploring the degradation and activation mechanism of Ir-based catalysts during the OER and searching for highly efficient Ir-based catalysts are essential to achieve large-scale hydrogen production with PEMWEs. This minireview briefly describes the adsorbate evolution mechanism and lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism for Ir-based catalysts to complete the OER process. Then, the valence change of Ir during the OER is discussed to illustrate the origin of the favorable stability of Ir-based catalysts. After that, different modification strategies for IrO<small>₂</small>, such as elemental doping, surface engineering, atom utilization enhancing, and support engineering, are summarized in the hopes of finding some commonalities for improving performance. Finally, the perspectives for the development of Ir-based OER catalysts in PEMWEs are presented.</p><p>Keywords: Polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers; Oxygen evolution reaction; Iridium catalysts; Degradation mechanism; Hydrogen production.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 3","pages":" 299-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00070b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49994724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mono-, bi- and tri-metallic platinum group metal-free electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction following a facile synthetic route†","authors":"Seyed Ariana Mirshokraee, Mohsin Muhyuddin, Jacopo Orsilli, Enrico Berretti, Laura Capozzoli, Alessandro Lavacchi, Carmelo Lo Vecchio, Vincenzo Baglio, Anna Galli, Andrea Zaffora, Francesco Di Franco, Monica Santamaria, Luca Olivi, Simone Pollastri and Carlo Santoro","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00058C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00058C","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) electrocatalysts were synthesized, characterized, and tested for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). These materials were mono-, bi- and trimetallic Ni-based electrocatalysts with the addition of a second or a third transition metal (TM), such as iron and cobalt. TM–phthalocyanine (TMPc) was used as a metal precursor, mixed with a conductive carbon backbone and subjected to pyrolysis under controlled temperature and atmosphere conditions. Two temperatures of pyrolysis (600 °C and 900 °C) were used. The effect of TM loading in the precursors, different pyrolysis temperatures on the surface chemistry and morphology, and electrocatalytic activity towards HER were evaluated. The increase of NiPc in the initial mixture is beneficial to improving the electrocatalytic activity. The addition of a second and a third metal reflects positively on the HER performance. Interestingly, the pyrolysis temperature influences both the formation and growth of the nanoparticles, and this information is supported by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and light synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements.</p><p>Keywords: Hydrogen evolution reaction; PGM-free electrocatalyst; Hydrogen production; Ni-based electrocatalyst.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 3","pages":" 343-359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00058c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49994727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress and perspectives of Pd-based catalysts for direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide","authors":"Jiamei Wei, Shen Wang, Jianguo Wu, Dong Cao and Daojian Cheng","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00054K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3IM00054K","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrogen peroxide (H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>) is a green oxidant that has been widely used. The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (DSHP) offers significant advantages in terms of high atomic economy and environmentally friendly effects. However, due to the inevitable side reactions and severe mass transfer limitations, it is still challenging to balance the selectivity and activity for the DSHP. Combining theoretical understanding with the controllable synthesis of nanocatalysts may significantly facilitate the design of “dream catalysts” for the DSHP. In this work, the main factors affecting the reaction performance of catalysts and the active sites of catalysts have been reviewed and discussed in detail. The development and design of catalysts with high efficiency were introduced from three aspects: the catalyst support, active component and atomic impurity. In addition, the coupling of DSHP and other oxidation reactions to realize one-pot <em>in situ</em> oxidation reactions was comprehensively emphasized, which showed essential guiding significance for the future development of H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>.</p><p>Keywords: Direct synthesis of H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>; Pd-based catalyst; Selectivity and activity; Catalytic mechanism; <em>In situ</em> oxidation reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 1","pages":" 7-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/im/d3im00054k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134071286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Core–shell nanostructured magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials: a critical review","authors":"Yinghui Li, Qiuyu Zhang, Li Ren, Zi Li, Xi Lin, Zhewen Ma, Haiyan Yang, Zhigang Hu and Jianxin Zou","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00061C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00061C","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrogen holds the advantages of high gravimetric energy density and zero emission. Effective storage and transportation of hydrogen constitute a critical and intermediate link for the advent of widespread applications of hydrogen energy. Magnesium hydride (MgH<small>₂</small>) has been considered as one of the most promising hydrogen storage materials because of its high hydrogen storage capacity, excellent reversibility, sufficient magnesium reserves, and low cost. However, great barriers both in the thermodynamic and the kinetic properties of MgH<small>₂</small> limit its practical application. Doping catalysts and nanostructuring are two facile but efficient methods to prepare high-performance magnesium (Mg)-based hydrogen storage materials. Core–shell nanostructured Mg-based hydrogen storage materials synergize the strengths of the above two modification methods. This review summarizes the preparation methods and expounds the thermodynamic and kinetic properties, microstructure and phase changes during hydrogen absorption and desorption processes of core–shell nanostructured Mg-based hydrogen storage materials. We also elaborate the mechanistic effects of core–shell nanostructures on the hydrogen storage performance of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials. The goal of this review is to point out the design principles and future research trends of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials for industrial applications.</p><p>Keywords: Hydrogen storage; Mg/MgH<small>₂</small>; Core–shell nanostructure; Thermodynamics and kinetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 3","pages":" 282-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00061c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49994723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyaniline-derived carbon nanofibers with a high graphitization degree loading ordered PtNi intermetallic nanoparticles for oxygen reduction reaction†","authors":"Yujuan Zhuang, Jiao Yang, Lingwei Meng, Chuanming Ma, Lishan Peng, De Chen and Qingjun Chen","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00056G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00056G","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At present, the catalysts commercially used for the oxygen reduction reaction of the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are carbon-supported platinum-based catalysts. However, the carbon supports are susceptible to corrosion under harsh working conditions, which greatly shortens the life of the catalysts. Highly stable carbon supports are urgently required for high-performance PEMFCs. In this work, we developed structure-stable and highly graphitized three-dimensional network carbon nanofibers (CNF) derived from polyaniline by heat treatment at 1200 °C. The CNF-1200-based catalyst (PtNi/CNF-1200) loaded with PtNi nanoparticles showed excellent stability. After 5000 cycles from 1.0 to 1.5 V in oxygen saturated 0.1 M HClO<small>₄</small> electrolyte, the losses in the half-wave potential and mass activity were only 5 mV and 15%, respectively, far lower than those of commercial Pt/C. The high graphitization degree of CNF-1200 promotes the corrosion resistance of the catalyst. In addition, nitrogen doping effectively facilitates the catalyst–support interaction, stabilizes the highly dispersed PtNi nanoparticles, and improves the stability and activity of PtNi/CNF-1200.</p><p>Keywords: Support stability; Graphitization degree; Nitrogen doping; Oxygen reduction reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 3","pages":" 458-464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00056g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49995214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ozonolysis–oxidation-driven top-down strategy for the target preparation of ultrathin 2D metal–organic framework monolayers†","authors":"Baoliu Zhuo, Aidong Tan, Zhipeng Xiang, Jinhua Piao, Wenhao Zheng, Kai Wan, Zhenxing Liang and Zhiyong Fu","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00045A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3IM00045A","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two-dimensional metal–organic-framework (2D MOF) nanosheets with a modular nature and tunable structures exhibit a bright future for sensors, separation, and catalysis. Developing ultrathin 2D MOF nanosheets with unique physical and chemical properties is urgently required but very challenging. Although the chemical exfoliation strategy has been regarded as a promising way to exfoliate large amounts of three-dimensional (3D) pillar-layered MOFs, this method still faces many problems and remains insufficient. In this study, a novel chemical exfoliation method is developed for the target preparation of 2D MOF monolayers from the 3D pillar-layered MOFs. The Co/Zn/Cu-MOFs with a pillar ligand of <em>trans</em>-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bipyen) are subjected to be broken by the cleavage of C<img>C bonds in the bipyen ligands <em>via</em> an ozone oxidation reaction. As chemical exfoliation is processed <em>via</em> the oxidation of the pillar ligand by ozone, the thickness of the 2D MOFs can be tuned by the control of oxidation time and the obtained 2D Co/Zn/Cu-MOF monolayers are functionalized with a –COOH group. This study provides an effective and general chemical exfoliation method to prepare monolayer MOFs from the 3D pillar-layered MOFs with bipyen as the pillar ligand.</p><p>Keywords: 3D pillar-layered MOFs; Ultrathin 2D MOF monolayers; Top-down strategy; Chemical exfoliation; Ozonolysis–oxidation.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 1","pages":" 110-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/im/d3im00045a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129587501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical applications of total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy for nanocatalysis","authors":"Chengyang Yan, Xuanhao Mei, Xue Gong and Weilin Xu","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00046J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3IM00046J","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fluorescence microscopy has evolved from a purely biological tool to a powerful chemical instrument for imaging and kinetics research into nanocatalysis. And the demand for high signal-to-noise ratio and temporal–spatial resolution detection has encouraged rapid growth in total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). By producing an evanescent wave on the glass–water interface, excitation can be limited to a thin plane to ensure the measured accuracy of kinetics and image contrast of TIRFM. Thus, this unique physical principle of TIRFM makes it suitable for chemical research. This review outlines applications of TIRFM in the field of chemistry, including imaging and kinetics research. Hence, this review could provide guidance for beginners employing TIRFM to solve current challenges creatively in chemistry.</p><p>Keywords: Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy; Nanocatalysis; Imaging; Kinetics analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 1","pages":" 85-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/im/d3im00046j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121685828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ammonia as a carbon-free hydrogen carrier for fuel cells: a perspective","authors":"Lingling Zhai, Shizhen Liu and Zhonghua Xiang","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00036B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00036B","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Driven by the growing need to decarbonize, hydrogen energy is considered a potential alternative to fossil fuels. However, due to the problems associated with energy storage and transportation for portable applications, the scalable utilization of hydrogen is not fully developed. In this perspective, the potential of utilizing ammonia as a hydrogen carrier for on-site power generation <em>via</em> ammonia decomposition is systematically discussed. Firstly, an analysis of the chemical properties of ammonia and the limitations of this product for hydrogen production are presented. Secondly, some existing worldwide industrial projects that present the current development status are summarized. Then, recent advances in target engineering of efficient catalysts <em>via</em> various strategies are provided. Finally, different types of structured reactors to date for ammonia decomposition are explored. This perspective aims to shed light on the potential of ammonia as a promising alternative to traditional hydrogen storage methods and highlights the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in this exciting field of research.</p><p>Keywords: Ammonia decomposition; Hydrogen carrier; On-site generation; Heterogeneous catalysts; Reactor.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 3","pages":" 332-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00036b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49994726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}