Industrial Chemistry & Materials最新文献

{"title":"Highly active ZIF-8@CNT composite catalysts as cathode materials for anion exchange membrane fuel cells†","authors":"Rohit Kumar, Marek Mooste, Zubair Ahmed, Srinu Akula, Ivar Zekker, Margus Marandi, Maike Käärik, Jaan Leis, Arvo Kikas, Alexey Treshchalov, Markus Otsus, Jaan Aruväli, Vambola Kisand, Aile Tamm and Kaido Tammeveski","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00081H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00081H","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Developing non-precious metal-based inexpensive and highly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media is important for fuel cell applications. Herein, we report a simple and effective synthesis of transition-metal-doped zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and carbon nanotube (CNT) composite catalysts (ZIF-8@CNT) prepared <em>via</em> high-temperature pyrolysis at 900 °C. The catalysts were characterized using different physicochemical techniques and employed as cathode materials in anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC). The prepared metal-free (ZNT-900), single-metal-doped (Fe-ZNT-900, Co-ZNT-900) and binary-metal-doped (Fe<small>₁</small>Co<small>₁</small>-ZNT-900, Fe<small>₁</small>Co<small>₂</small>-ZNT-900) catalysts had a sufficient amount of N-doping with the presence of FeCo moieties in the carbon skeleton of the latter two materials. N<small>₂</small> adsorption–desorption isotherms showed that all the prepared catalysts possess a sufficient Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area with more micropores present in ZNT-900, while a combined micro–mesoporous structure was obtained for transition-metal-doped catalysts. Binary-metal-doped catalysts showed the highest number of ORR-active sites (pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N, graphitic-N, M–N<small>_<em>x</em></small>) and exhibited a half-wave potential (<em>E</em><small>_1/2</small>) of 0.846 and 0.847 V <em>vs.</em> RHE for Fe<small>₁</small>Co<small>₁</small>-ZNT-900 and Fe<small>₁</small>Co<small>₂</small>-ZNT-900, respectively, which surpassed that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst (<em>E</em><small>_1/2</small> = 0.834 V). In H<small>₂</small>–O<small>₂</small> AEMFCs, the Fe<small>₁</small>Co<small>₂</small>-ZNT-900 catalyst delivered a maximum power density (<em>P</em><small>_max</small>) of 0.171 W cm<small>⁻²</small> and current density at 0.5 V (<em>j</em><small>_0.5</small>) of 0.326 A cm<small>⁻²</small>, which is very close to that of the Pt/C catalyst (<em>P</em><small>_max</small> = 0.215 W cm<small>⁻²</small> and <em>j</em><small>_0.5</small> = 0.359 A cm<small>⁻²</small>). The prepared ZIF-8@CNT catalysts showed remarkable electrocatalytic ORR activity in 0.1 M KOH solution and fuel cell performance comparable to that of the benchmark Pt/C catalyst.</p><p>Keywords: Rotating disk electrode; Anion exchange membrane fuel cell; Zeolitic imidazolate framework; Non-precious metal catalyst; Oxygen reduction reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 4","pages":" 526-541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00081h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49995219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress in high-loading single-atom catalysts and their applications","authors":"Jiahui Luo, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Lishan Peng and Qingjun Chen","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00062A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00062A","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Single-atom catalysts (SACs) attract significant attention owing to their high catalytic activity, high metal atom utilization efficiency, and well-defined and configurable active sites. However, achieving single-atom dispersion of active metals at high metal loadings remains challenging, limiting the performance of SACs in many practical applications. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of recent methods developed for synthesizing high-loading SACs, critically exploring their advantages, limitations, and wider applicability. Additionally, we showcase the benefits of high-loading SACs in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), water electrolysis, photocatalytic hydrogen production and CO oxidation. Although great recent progress has been made in the synthesis of high loading SACs, simple and universal routes that allowed the pre-programmed preparation of single metal and multi-metal SACs with specific metal coordination need to be discovered.</p><p>Keywords: Single atom catalyst; High-loading; Synthesis methods; ORR; Water electrolysis; CO oxidation.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 4","pages":" 486-500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00062a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49995216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic consequence of metal species confined within zeolite for hydrogen-related reactions","authors":"Meng Liu, Caixia Miao and Zhijie Wu","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00074E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3IM00074E","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zeolites-encapsulated metal and metal oxide species are important heterogeneous catalysts. They give performances that steadily outperform traditional supported catalysts in many important reactions and have become a research hotspot. Remarkable achievements have been made with respect to the synthesis, characterization, and performances of metal species (typically metal and metal oxide clusters) confined in zeolites. The development in the strategies for the encapsulation of metal species including post-treatment and <em>in situ</em> synthesis method are introduced and compared. For the characterization of zeolite-encapsulated metal catalysts, the structural and surface properties of metal species are studied by several useful techniques, such as electron microscopy, X-ray absorption (XAS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of CO (FTIR-CO), and chemisorption, which confirm the successful confinement of metal species in zeolites and their unique physiochemical properties. In addition, the encapsulation fraction can be determined by a probe molecular titration reaction. For the catalytic performance of zeolite-encapsulated metal catalysts, the activity, selectivity, and stability are emphasized. Finally, applications of zeolite-encapsulated metal catalysts in hydrogen-related reactions are summarized.</p><p>Keywords: Zeolite; Encapsulation; Metal species; Synthesis; Characterization; Catalytic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 1","pages":" 57-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/im/d3im00074e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134436038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of grafted alkyl side chains on the properties of poly(terphenyl piperidinium) based high temperature proton exchange membranes†","authors":"Xuefu Che, Lele Wang, Ting Wang, Jianhao Dong and Jingshuai Yang","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00064H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00064H","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) operating at elevated temperatures above 120 °C take advantage of feasible anode fuels and simplified water/heat management. A high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (HT-PEM) is the core material for HT-PEMFCs. In this work, a series of phosphoric acid (PA) doped HT-PEMs based on poly(terphenyl piperidine) (PTP) tailored with alkyl groups are synthesized. Five different pendant alkyl groups (including methyl, propyl, pentyl, heptyl and decyl) are grafted onto the piperidine group through the Menshutkin reaction between PTP and alkyl halides. Compared with PTP and methyl grafted PTP (PTP-C1) membranes, the PTP-C<em>x</em> membranes with long alkyl side chains exhibit improved PA doping contents and conductivities. The optimized pentyl-substituted PTP membrane (PTP-C5) possessed a reasonable PA doping content (202% after immersing in 85 wt% PA at 60 °C), high proton conductivity (96 mS cm<small>⁻¹</small> at 180 °C) and good tensile strength (4.6 MPa at room temperature). A H<small>₂</small>–air single cell equipped with PTP-C5/PA consequently achieved a high peak power density of 676 mW cm<small>⁻²</small> at 210 °C without any humidification or backpressure. Thus, this work provides a simple method for preparing high-performance HT-PEMs.</p><p>Keywords: High temperature polymer electrolyte membrane; Fuel cell; Grafted membrane.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 4","pages":" 516-525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00064h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49995218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutting-edge methods for amplifying the oxygen evolution reaction during seawater electrolysis: a brief synopsis","authors":"Xiang Lyu and Alexey Serov","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00071K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00071K","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrochemical water splitting has been considered a clean and continual way for hydrogen (H<small>₂</small>) production. Direct seawater electrolysis is a potentially attractive technology due to the ample access to seawater and scarce freshwater resources in some regions. However, the presence of impurities (<em>e.g.</em>, Cl<small>⁻</small>, Mg<small>²⁺</small>) and the resulting corrosion and side reactions, such as the chloride oxidation reaction (ClOR), makes seawater electrocatalysis more challenging than that of fresh or alkaline water due to competition with the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. Consequently, much effort has been devoted to developing approaches to enhance OER performance and suppress the ClOR. In this minireview, we summarize three general strategies for enhancing OER activity and selectivity in seawater electrolysis based on three different concepts: (1) the sole development of robust and high-performance OER catalysts in pure seawater electrolytes, (2) the introduction of additives to seawater electrolytes (<em>e.g.</em>, alkalis and/or salts without chloride) to enhance the potential equilibrium gap between the ClOR and OER in combination with regular highly active OER catalysts, and (3) a combination of approaches (1) and (2). Finally, the current challenges and potential opportunities for green H<small>₂</small> production from seawater electrolysis are briefly presented.</p><p>Keywords: Electrochemical seawater splitting; Alkaline seawater electrolysis; Oxygen evolution reaction; Hydrogen production; Electrocatalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 4","pages":" 475-485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00071k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49995215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of activated alkyl halides via radical intermediates","authors":"Zhi-Peng Bao and Xiao-Feng Wu","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00078H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3IM00078H","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation is an efficient approach to prepare carbonyl-containing compounds with high atomic economy in synthetic organic chemistry. However, in comparison with aryl halides, carbonylation of alkyl halides is relatively challenging due to the decreased stability of the palladium intermediates. Carbonylation of activated alkyl halides is even more difficult, as nucleophilic substitution reactions with nucleophiles occur more easily with them. In this article, we summarize and discuss recent achievements in palladium-catalyzed carbonylative reactions of activated alkyl halides. The transformations proceed through radical intermediates which are generated in various manners. Under a relatively high pressure of carbon monoxide, the corresponding aliphatic carboxylic acid derivates were effectively prepared with various nucleophiles as the reaction partners. Besides alcohols, amines and organoboron reagents, four-component reactions in combination with alkenes or alkynes were also developed. Case-by-case reaction mechanisms are discussed as well and a personal outlook has also been provided.</p><p>Keywords: Carbonyl group; Palladium catalysis; Carbonylation; Activated alkyl halides; Radical intermediates.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 2","pages":" 276-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/im/d3im00078h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125939145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new metallization method of modified tannic acid photoresist patterning†","authors":"Zicheng Tang, Xubin Guo, Haihua Wang, Huan Chen and Wenbing Kang","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00066D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3IM00066D","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metal patterning from a modified tannic acid (TA-Boc-MA) photoresist and the processes are designed using protection of hydroxyl groups in tannic acid, formulation into a photoresist, an exposure and pattern treatment process, and metallization by electroless Ag deposition with silver ion solution.</p><p>Keywords: Tannic acid; Positive photoresist; Metallization method; Metal patterning; Ag pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 2","pages":" 284-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/im/d3im00066d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123576839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the themed issue on frontiers of hydrogen energy and fuel cells","authors":"Lior Elbaz, Minhua Shao, Jianglan Shui and Carlo Santoro","doi":"10.1039/D3IM90010J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM90010J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A graphical abstract is available for this content</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 3","pages":" 280-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im90010j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49994120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the platinum-loading in proton-exchange membrane fuel cell cathodes influence the durability of the membrane-electrode assembly?†","authors":"Ricardo Sgarbi, William Ait Idir, Quentin Labarde, Michel Mermoux, Peizhe Wu, Julia Mainka, Jérôme Dillet, Clémence Marty, Fabrice Micoud, Olivier Lottin and Marian Chatenet","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00059A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00059A","url":null,"abstract":"<p>MEAs with various cathode Pt loadings were elaborated and aged using a multiple-stressor accelerated stress test (AST) in a segmented PEMFC. The thinnest (lowest Pt loading) cathodes have lower initial activity, owing to larger oxygen reduction reaction hindrance and oxygen transport resistance. Although the lowest cathode Pt loadings initially degrade faster, the overall loss of ECSA at end-of-test is nearly similar whatever the cathode Pt loading, with no local heterogeneities of aging detected along the gas channels. The cathode Pt/C catalyst degrades mostly by Ostwald ripening (which seems more pronounced for lower cathode Pt loading) and nanoparticles agglomeration, owing to superficial carbon functionalization and related Pt crystallite migration: no consequent carbon corrosion is witnessed in this AST. Also, the oxidized Pt<small>²⁺</small> ions formed by Pt corrosion diffuse/migrate roughly in a similar manner through the membrane for all cathode Pt loadings, and are re-deposited by crossover H<small>₂</small> close to the cathode|membrane interface. Overall, the mechanisms of Pt/C degradation are not depending on the cathode Pt loading for the chosen AST.</p><p>Keywords: Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC); Cathode catalyst layer (CL); Platinum loading; Durability.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 4","pages":" 501-515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00059a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49995217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on electrocatalytic performance and material degradation of an N-doped graphene-MOF nanocatalyst in emulated electrochemical environments†","authors":"Niladri Talukder, Yudong Wang, Bharath Babu Nunna, Xiao Tong, Jorge Anibal Boscoboinik and Eon Soo Lee","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00044C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00044C","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To develop graphene-based nanomaterials as reliable catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems (<em>e.g.</em> PEM fuel cells, metal–air batteries, <em>etc.</em>), it is imperative to critically understand their performance changes and correlated material degradation processes under different operational conditions. In these systems, hydrogen peroxide (H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>) is often an inevitable byproduct of the catalytic oxygen reduction reaction, which can be detrimental to the catalysts, electrodes, and electrolyte materials. Here, we studied how the electrocatalytic performance changes for a heterogeneous nanocatalyst named nitrogen-doped graphene integrated with a metal–organic framework (N-G/MOF) by the effect of H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>, and correlated the degradation process of the catalyst in terms of the changes in elemental compositions, chemical bonds, crystal structures, and morphology. The catalyst samples were treated with five different concentrations of H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> to emulate the operational conditions and examined to quantify the changes in electrocatalytic performances in an alkaline medium, elemental composition and chemical bonds, crystal structure, and morphology. The electrocatalytic performance considerably declined as the H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> concentration reached above 0.1 M. The XPS analyses suggest the formation of different oxygen functional groups on the material surface, the breakdown of the material's C–C bonds, and a sharp decline in pyridinic-N functional groups due to gradually harsher H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> treatments. In higher concentrations, the H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>-derived radicals altered the crystalline and morphological features of the catalyst.</p><p>Keywords: Nitrogen-doped graphene-based electrocatalyst; Metal–organic framework; Hydrogen peroxide effect on catalyst; Electrocatalytic performance; Material degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 3","pages":" 360-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00044c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49994728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}