Industrial Chemistry & Materials最新文献

{"title":"Designing zeolites for the removal of aqueous PFAS: a perspective","authors":"Charles A. Ponge, David R. Corbin, Clarice M. Sabolay and Mark B. Shiflett","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00091E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3IM00091E","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zeolites possess unique sieving properties that offer a high selectivity for removing pollutants, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, there are limited studies examining the efficacy of zeolites as PFAS sorbents. Previous literature explores the effects of certain frameworks and the silica alumina ratio (SAR), and only one study has shown the effect of silanol defects on the hydrophobicity of the adsorbent. Since most zeolites are synthesized in hydroxide media, this leads to formation of silanol defects, which increase hydrophilicity with a greater effect than the inclusion of non-Si T atoms. It is critical that specific characterizations be performed to demonstrate the specific effects of different properties of the zeolites. In particular, synthesis, modification, and/or repair in fluoride media can be used to increase the hydrophobicity of zeolites by reducing silanol defects, and increasing Lewis acidity.</p><p>Keywords: Zeolites; Aqueous adsorption; PFAS; Hydrophobic interaction; Silica–alumina ratio.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 2","pages":" 270-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/im/d3im00091e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135058423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexoelectricity in hydroxyapatite for the enhanced piezocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene in soil†","authors":"Jun Han, Wenrou Tian, Ye Miao, Najun Li, Dongyun Chen, Qingfeng Xu, Hua Li and Jianmei Lu","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00093A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3IM00093A","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coupling the effects of flexoelectricity with piezoelectricity has been proved to effectively harvest mechanical energy. In this study, a composition-graded core–shell structure (HAP@FAP) was prepared by surface-gradient F-doping in hydroxyapatite, which could introduce flexoelectricity by a built-in strain gradient. A flexoelectric-boosted piezoelectric response was demonstrated by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) characterization, showing that the piezoelectric constant of HAP@FAP was increased by 2.25 times <em>via</em> a lattice strain gradient induced by chemical heterogeneities derived from the unique composition-graded core–shell structure. Thus, the piezocatalytic activity of HAP@FAP for phenanthrene (PHE) degradation in soil was enhanced. This work provides a new strategy for the modification of piezoelectric catalysts for the remediation of organics-contaminated soils on industrial land.</p><p>Keywords: Hydroxyapatite; Flexoelectricity; Piezocatalysis; Gradient doping; Soil remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 2","pages":" 300-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/im/d3im00093a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136257553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of PEM fuel cells at low hydrogen partial pressures: efficient cell tests for mass production†","authors":"Felix Haimerl, Sunil Kumar, Michael Heere and Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00075C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3IM00075C","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quality testing costs hinder the large-scale production of PEM fuel cell systems due to long testing times and high safety measures for hydrogen. While eliminating both issues, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at low hydrogen concentrations can provide valuable insights into fuel cell processes. However, the influence of high anode stream dilutions on PEM fuel cell performance is not yet completely understood. This study presents a new equivalent circuit model to analyze impedance spectra at low hydrogen partial pressures. The proposed model accurately describes the impedance response and explains the performance decrease at low hydrogen concentrations. First, the reduced availability of hydrogen at the anode leads to rising reaction losses from the hydrogen side. Further, the resulting losses lead to potential changes also influencing the cathode processes. The findings indicate that impedance spectroscopy at low hydrogen partial pressure might provide a reliable fuel cell quality control tool, simplifying production processes, reducing costs, and mitigating risks in fuel cell production.</p><p>Keywords: PEM fuel cells; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; EIS; Large scale PEMFC production; Anodes; Cathodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 1","pages":" 132-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/im/d3im00075c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135954447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical recovery of Pt/C electrocatalyst: optimization of the potential range on the leaching process and application to an aged MEA†","authors":"François Guillet, Marian Chatenet, Alex Paul, Lenka Svecova and Laetitia Dubau","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00085K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3IM00085K","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles (Pt/C) are widely used electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cell and electrolyzer applications and represent a substantial part of the capital expenditure of these devices. Platinum being a critical raw material, its recovery is critical for the deployment of these technologies. In this contribution, the first step of a recycling protocol, <em>i.e.</em> the leaching of Pt/C, is studied. To avoid the use of concentrated acids and oxidants, the focus of the present study is on the design of an efficient electrochemical protocol. In particular, the values of the upper and lower potential limits have an impact on Pt dissolution efficiency. The upper potential limit should avoid (or at least limit) Pt particles' detachment from the carbon support and the lower potential limit should take into account the competition between the platinum dissolution and the unwanted platinum redeposition. The evolution of the particle morphology and dissolution rate were monitored by coupling a statistical analysis of TEM images and ICP-MS concentration measurements. The cycling potential window was first optimized for a model commercial Pt/C catalyst in a low-chloride concentration electrolyte, leading to a full Pt leaching efficiency (99%). A similar protocol was transferred to more technological objects: MEA aged under realistic conditions. The MEAs were electrochemically treated without any prior GDL separation and the efficiency of the process was demonstrated.</p><p>Keywords: MEA recycling; Platinum electrodissolution; Platinum recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 1","pages":" 118-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/im/d3im00085k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135913396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of functional binders for high-specific-energy lithium-ion batteries: from molecular structure to electrode properties","authors":"Tian Qin, Haoyi Yang, Quan Li, Xiqian Yu and Hong Li","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00089C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3IM00089C","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The binder adheres to each component of the electrode to maintain the structural integrity and plays an irreplaceable role in a battery despite its low content. Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), as the dominant binder in commercial battery systems (for cathodes), has acceptably balanced properties between chemical/electrochemical stability and adhesive ability. However, in the pursuit of high-specific-energy batteries featuring high mass loading, high voltage, and large volume changes, the PVDF binder is unable to satisfy the versatile electrode demands and extreme operation conditions. Therefore, developing novel binders with task-specific functionality is of urgent need. Herein, we review the recently developed design strategies of functional binders from the insight of molecular design. The functions and failure mechanisms of the binders are elucidated first. Starting from the basic moiety (functional group) of the polymer molecule, how the constituents, molecular structure, and assembly into a supramolecule will affect the properties of the binders, and furthermore the performance of the electrodes, is discussed at length. Finally, we summarize and provide a future outlook on the opportunities and challenges of functional binders towards future high-specific-energy lithium-ion batteries.</p><p>Keywords: Functional binders; Molecular design; High-specific-energy electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 2","pages":" 191-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/im/d3im00089c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A route to selectively increase the microporous structure of zeolite and its optimization in the ethanol to butadiene reaction†","authors":"Tian Ye, Yuhao Bai, Kewei Wang, Weijie Hu, Meng Zhang and Li-Ming Wu","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00087G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3IM00087G","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Control over the pore structure of zeolite is very important, so researchers are trying to regulate the pore structure of zeolite through various methods to endow it with better performance in industrial applications. Here, a confined etching route that could selectively increase the microporous structure of zeolite is developed using ethanol/amine buffer solution. Ethanol is introduced into an aqueous amine solution, where it could decrease the migration rate and concentration of hydroxyl ions which can etch the framework atoms of zeolite to fabricate various porous structures, consequently developing a confined etching route that could selectively increase the microporous structure of zeolite, unlike conventional approaches that generally increase mesoporous and macroporous architectures. In addition, ethanol enhances the solubility of amine in water, and a buffer solution (ethanol/amine) is formed, which is able to release hydroxyl ions continuously. Based on the above confined etching route, a micropore-increased beta crystal is synthesized and when used as a carrier in ZnLaY/beta catalysts, it achieves excellent ethanol conversion of 96.04% and butadiene selectivity of 64.22% in 20 h time-on-stream in an ethanol to butadiene reaction.</p><p>Keywords: Ethanol; Confined etching route; Micropore-increased; Beta zeolite; Ethanol to butadiene.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 1","pages":" 100-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/im/d3im00087g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135550886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic assisted natural deep eutectic solvents as a green and efficient approach for extraction of hydroxytyrosol from olive leaves†","authors":"Mingming Hu, Bao Han, Lin Xie, Beibei Lu, De Bai, Nuo Shi, Ya Liao, Yan Wang, Ling Liu, Shaojun Wu, Runrui Lan, Xiaomei Lei, Ci Shi, Danhua Huang, Yuanbin Li, Lin Lin and Jiaheng Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00055A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3IM00055A","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, an ultrasonic assisted natural deep eutectic solvent (DES) was used to extract hydroxytyrosol (HT) from olive leaves. The optimal extraction conditions of the MaPa-4 concentration, extraction time and solid–liquid ratio were obtained by single factor experiments. The formation mechanism of MaPa and its interaction with HT were analyzed by FTIR, <small>¹</small>H-NMR and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Then, MaPa-4 and water extracts obtained under the optimal extraction conditions were selected for a series of efficacy tests. MaPa-4 extract demonstrated low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility, and excellent anti-inflammatory and bacteriostatic properties. Overall, MaPa-4, as an environmentally friendly and efficient solvent, was combined with ultrasound treatment to develop an efficient, green and feasible method to extract HT from olive leaves.</p><p>Keywords: Hydroxytyrosol; Deep eutectic solvent; Single-factor experiment; Bacteriostatic; Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidant.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 2","pages":" 309-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/im/d3im00055a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135496314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the calcination temperature on the characteristics of Ni/Fe-oxide electrocatalysts for application in anion exchange membrane electrolysers","authors":"Angela Caprì, Irene Gatto, Carmelo Lo Vecchio and Vincenzo Baglio","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00065F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00065F","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nickel–iron-oxide catalysts were synthesized by a liquid-phase method, through the oxalate route, and used, as anodes, in an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer. The effect of the heating treatments (performed at 350 °C, 450 °C, and 550 °C) on the structure, composition, particle size, and catalytic activity was analyzed. The morphological features were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), showing an increased particle size for the catalysts treated at higher temperatures (from ≈4 nm at 350 °C to ≈10 nm at 550 °C). The structure and surface composition were evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The electrochemical characterization was performed in a 5 cm<small>²</small> single-cell setup. The highest performance was obtained with the sample treated at 450 °C, reaching current density values equal to 3.25 A cm<small>⁻²</small> at 2.2 V. The catalysts' behavior was also compared, under the same conditions, with NiO and IrO<small>₂</small> commercial catalysts, demonstrating a higher activity of this class of compounds. The time-stability test of <em>ca.</em> 100 h showed a more constant behavior for the catalyst treated at 350 °C.</p><p>Keywords: Electrolyser; Nickel–iron oxides; Anion exchange membrane; Oxygen evolution reaction; Calcination temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 4","pages":" 553-562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00065f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49995232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic functionalization of poly(p-terphenyl isatin) anion exchange membrane with quaternary ammonium and piperidine cations for fuel cells†","authors":"Yiman Gu, Yanchao Zhang, Zhe Wang, Di Liu, Yan Wang, Tianming Dong, Song Wang, Zhanyu Li, Jingyi Wu and Yijia Lei","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00077J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3IM00077J","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research on anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) mainly focuses on the membrane module, and improving its performance has always been the focus of researchers. To create high-performance anion exchange membranes (AEMs), a series of side chain type AEMs were prepared by introducing different proportions of side chains containing anisotropic poly cations with relatively stable piperidinium ring cations and side quaternary ammonium cations as cation groups, using poly(<em>p</em>-terphenyl isatin) (PTI), a main chain polymer without aryl ether bonds. The dense surface of the PTI-N-<em>n</em> series membranes is shown by SEM images; TEM images show that the ion domains are clearly distributed in the membrane, so a continuous ion transport channel is constructed. PTI-N-100 has the highest hydroxide conductivity at 80 °C, reaching 96.83 mS cm<small>⁻¹</small> due to multiple transport sites. The PTI-N-100 membrane has a peak power density of 180 mW cm<small>⁻²</small> based on the highest ionic conductivity. Therefore, we believe that the introduction of multi-cations contributes to the performance of anion exchange membranes.</p><p>Keywords: Multi-cation; Ether-free polymer; Alkaline resistance; Microphase separation.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 1","pages":" 141-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/im/d3im00077j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135445761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the particle size effect and surface reactivity of Pt/C nanoparticles for ammonia electrooxidation using in situ infrared spectroscopy†","authors":"Niloofar Aligholizadeh K, Ashwini Reddy N, Evans A. Monyoncho and Elena A. Baranova","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00063J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00063J","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ammonia electrooxidation reaction (AmER) has attracted considerable attention due to its potential for hydrogen storage and transportation, as well as its possible application in direct ammonia fuel cells. In the present work, we studied ammonia electrooxidation on carbon-supported Pt/C nanoparticles (NPs) of four average sizes of 1.3, 2.2, 2.8, and 4.2 nm. Carbon-supported Pt NPs with a 20 wt% metal loading were synthesized using the polyol method, and the control of the synthesis solution pH allowed the formation of Pt NPs of different average sizes, which was confirmed by TEM. The onset potential was more negative for the smallest nanoparticles (1.3 nm) compared to those for the larger ones. Pt/C with a mean particle size of 2.2 nm showed better stability while exhibiting comparable activity to the 1.3 nm particles. As revealed by <em>in situ</em> polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), the oxidation products included N–H species, azide ions, and nitrate and nitrite compounds. The N–H stretching peak was observed at about 2800 cm<small>⁻¹</small> on the Pt surface and in the bulk of the electrolyte. However, the intensity of peaks corresponding to the reaction products was different on the surface of Pt and in the bulk of the electrolyte. NO<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small> was mostly observed in the bulk of the electrolyte. In contrast, NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> was present on the Pt surface. PM-IRRAS demonstrated that the particle size affected the catalytic activity of Pt/C NPs but not their selectivity. In addition, the PM-IRRAS technique allowed, for the first time, distinguishing both symmetric and asymmetric N–O bonds that were not observed previously using IR spectroscopy during ammonia electrooxidation.</p><p>Keywords: Ammonia electrooxidation; Carbon-supported Pt nanoparticle; Catalyst; PM-IRRAS; <em>In situ</em> infrared spectroscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 4","pages":" 542-552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00063j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49995220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}