{"title":"Preparation of carbon nanotube-reinforced polyethylene nanocomposites with better anti-scaling and corrosion-resistant properties","authors":"Binbin Sun, Qian Liu, Yuxin Gao, Liang Han, Rui Zhang, Chenxi Zhang and Xilai Jia","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00031A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3IM00031A","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anti-scaling technology for pipelines has always been a focus of oilfield industrial production. Compared with traditional metal pipes, polyethylene (PE) pipes have unique advantages in terms of corrosion resistance, surface friction resistance, and service life. In this paper, aiming at an enhancement of anti-scaling and corrosion-resistant properties, as well as increased mechanical properties, PE nanocomposites have been prepared by the introduction of modified carbon nanotubes (m-CNTs) into the PE matrix. To improve the interface compatibility of the composites, the CNTs were treated with reactive tetrabutyl titanate after nitric acid oxidation, which brings about uniform dispersion of the CNTs and intimate interface interaction. As the m-CNT fraction increases, the PE crystallinity displays a slight increase. Polarized microscopy shows that the scaling on the surface of the composite material is obviously reduced compared with pure PE, because the surface free energy of the composite material decreases. Moreover, due to the good dispersion, the composites show enhanced mechanical properties. That is, by adding 1.10 wt% CNTs, the tensile stress and impact toughness of the composites are 20.76 MPa and 37.89 kJ m<small><sup>−2</sup></small>, respectively, increases of 15.0% and 11.9% compared with pure PE. This paper supports the idea that the crystallinity of the PE matrix can be improved by adding CNTs, thereby increasing the corrosion resistance and anti-scaling properties. This work can provide inspiration for using the methods of scale inhibition and corrosion resistance in polymer nanocomposites.</p><p>Keywords: Carbon nanotube; Nanocomposite; Polyethylene; Anti-scaling; Corrosion-resistant.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 1","pages":" 154-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/im/d3im00031a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116737273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overview of CO2 capture and electrolysis technology in molten salts: operational parameters and their effects","authors":"Qiuji Zhu, Yimin Zeng and Ying Zheng","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00011G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00011G","url":null,"abstract":"Molten salt electrochemical system towards carbon deposition.","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 4","pages":" 595-617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00011g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49994627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunlong He, Zhenye Kang, Jing Li, Yawei Li and Xinlong Tian
{"title":"Recent progress of manganese dioxide based electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Yunlong He, Zhenye Kang, Jing Li, Yawei Li and Xinlong Tian","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00034F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00034F","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) represents an anodic reaction for a variety of sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies, such as hydrogen production, CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> reduction, <em>etc.</em> To realize the large-scale implementation of these technologies, the sluggish kinetics of the OER resulting from multi-step proton/electron transfer and occurring at the gas–liquid–solid triple-phase boundary needs to be accelerated. Manganese oxide-based (MnO<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small>) materials, especially MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small>, have become promising non-precious metal electrocatalysts for the OER under acidic conditions due to the good trade-off between catalytic activity and stability. This paper reviews the recent progress of MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small>-based materials to catalyze the OER through either the traditional adsorbent formation mechanism (AEM) or the emerging lattice-oxygen-mediated mechanism (LOM). Pure manganese dioxide OER catalysts with different crystalline structures and morphologies are summarized, while MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small>-based composite structures are also discussed, and the application of MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small>-based catalysts in PEMWEs is summarized. Critical challenges and future research directions are presented to hopefully help future research.</p><p>Keywords: Manganese dioxides; Electrocatalysts; Oxygen evolution reaction; Adsorbate evolution mechanism; Lattice-oxygen-mediated mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 3","pages":" 312-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00034f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49994725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akbar Mohammadi Zardkhoshoui, Ramtin Arian and Saied Saeed Hosseiny Davarani
{"title":"Tunable construction of CuS nanosheets@flower-like ZnCo-layered double hydroxide nanostructures for hybrid supercapacitors†","authors":"Akbar Mohammadi Zardkhoshoui, Ramtin Arian and Saied Saeed Hosseiny Davarani","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00027C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00027C","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are regarded as ideal materials for supercapacitors due to their excellent electrochemical characteristics and unique structural properties. However, unsatisfactory cyclability and poor conductivity have been recognized as the key limitations to LDH performance. To overcome these obstacles, constructing hybrid materials as well as designing porous nanoarchitectures are efficient approaches. Herein, through controlling the sulfide ion concentration during the synthesis of CuS nanosheets and adjusting the amount of urea in the synthesis of flower-like ZnCo-LDH structures, an optimized sample with an exclusive porous texture was fabricated on nickel foam (NF) (identified as NF@CS10-ZC-LDH4) <em>via</em> two-step hydrothermal routes and then employed as a binder-less electrode for a hybrid supercapacitor. The as-fabricated nanoarchitectures provide efficient electron-ion transport channels and preserve the structural integrity during prolonged periods of cycling, which resulted in fantastic supercapacitive properties with a capacity of 1270.5 C g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> and excellent cyclability (remaining at 90.7% after 7000 cycles). Furthermore, we fabricated a hybrid supercapacitor (NF@CS10-ZC-LDH4//NF@AC) with NF@CS10-ZC-LDH4 as a cathode electrode and activated carbon (AC)-covered NF as an anode electrode. The energy density of NF@CS10-ZC-LDH4//NF@AC was high, at 62.4 W h kg<small><sup>−1</sup></small> with a power density of 810.4 W kg<small><sup>−1</sup></small> and splendid cyclability of 88.4%. This innovative study offers valuable inspiration for the synthesis of electrode materials to be used in hybrid supercapacitors.</p><p>Keywords: Layered double hydroxides; Flower-like ZnCo-LDH; Hybrid supercapacitors; CuS nanosheets.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 3","pages":" 443-457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00027c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49995213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinjing Tao, Xian Wang, Mingjun Xu, Changpeng Liu, Junjie Ge and Wei Xing
{"title":"Non-noble metals as activity sites for ORR catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)","authors":"Jinjing Tao, Xian Wang, Mingjun Xu, Changpeng Liu, Junjie Ge and Wei Xing","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00002H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00002H","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have great potential to become the next generation green energy technique, but their application is limited by the slow kinetics of the cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic medium. Meanwhile, the high price of Pt-based catalysts, which are now widely used commercially, has raised the cost of PEMFCs. Therefore, non-noble metal ORR catalysts as alternatives to Pt-based group metals (PGM) have attracted much attention. However, there is still a big gap between the performance of non-noble metal catalysts and commercial Pt/C catalysts in acidic environment. Recently, it has been realized that the performance of catalysts is closely related to the structure of catalytically active sites. Inspired by this, in this review, we firstly introduced the development and breakthrough of non-noble metals as activity sites. We then briefly summarized their catalytic mechanisms, and put forward some suggestions on how to improve the activity and stability of non-noble metal ORR catalysts.</p><p>Keywords: ORR; Non-noble metal single atom catalysts; Active site; Fuel cell.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 3","pages":" 388-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00002h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49994730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ji Yang, Peng Wang, Helfried Neumann, Ralf Jackstell and Matthias Beller
{"title":"Industrially applied and relevant transformations of 1,3-butadiene using homogeneous catalysts","authors":"Ji Yang, Peng Wang, Helfried Neumann, Ralf Jackstell and Matthias Beller","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00009E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00009E","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent decades, the use of 1,3-butadiene as a comparably cheap and abundant raw material for new applications has attracted more and more interest, specifically in the chemical industry. The present review covers several of the most important homogeneously catalyzed processes and technologies which are currently used or have the potential to produce fine and bulk chemicals from 1,3-butadiene. As an example, palladium-catalyzed telomerizations provide valuable chemicals through the selective dimerization of 1,3-dienes with the simultaneous addition of various nucleophiles, which can be used for the synthesis of 1-octene, 1-octanol, and various lactones. On the other hand, direct carbonylation allows the selective introduction of functional groups onto 1,3-dienes, such as carbonyl, carboxyl or ester groups. The key to success in achieving these industrially relevant conversions of 1,3-butadiene was mainly the development of innovative efficient catalysts. We hope this review will make readers familiar with the industrially applied and relevant transformations of 1,3-butadiene and inspire them to further explore new and advanced systems.</p><p>Keywords: 1,3-Butadiene; Industrial chemistry; Carbonylation reaction; Bulk chemicals; Telomerization.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 2","pages":" 155-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00009e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49994179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Saqlain Iqbal, Yukun Ruan, Ramsha Iftikhar, Faiza Zahid Khan, Weixiang Li, Leiduan Hao, Alex W. Robertson, Gianluca Percoco and Zhenyu Sun
{"title":"Lithium-mediated electrochemical dinitrogen reduction reaction","authors":"Muhammad Saqlain Iqbal, Yukun Ruan, Ramsha Iftikhar, Faiza Zahid Khan, Weixiang Li, Leiduan Hao, Alex W. Robertson, Gianluca Percoco and Zhenyu Sun","doi":"10.1039/D3IM00006K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00006K","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Haber–Bosch process is the dominant approach for NH<small><sub>3</sub></small> production today, but the process has to be maintained at energy-intensive high temperatures and pressures. Li-mediated electrocatalytic dinitrogen reduction reaction (eN<small><sub>2</sub></small>RR) could instead enable sustainable and green NH<small><sub>3</sub></small> production at ambient conditions. Lithium mediators realize the synthesis of NH<small><sub>3</sub></small><em>via</em> the formation of Li<small><sub>3</sub></small>N, and thus lower the energy required for the direct cleavage of N<small><sub>2</sub></small>. There has now been a surge of interest in devising approaches to optimize the NH<small><sub>3</sub></small> yield rate and faradaic efficiency of the eN<small><sub>2</sub></small>RR process by employing different catalysts as well as electrolytes. This review discusses the recent advances in the field of the Li-mediated eN<small><sub>2</sub></small>RR along with the latest insights into the proposed catalytic mechanisms. Moreover, it also highlights the state-of-the-art reported electrocatalysts and electrolytes that have revolutionized the field of the Li-mediated eN<small><sub>2</sub></small>RR. In addition to the above, our review provides a critical overview of certain limitations and a future prospectus that will provide a way forward to explore this area.</p><p>Keywords: Nitrogen reduction reaction; Ammonia; Electrocatalysis; Lithium; Reaction mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 4","pages":" 563-581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d3im00006k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49994625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perspective on oligomeric products from lignin depolymerization: their generation, identification, and further valorization†","authors":"Yinglei Han, Blake A. Simmons and Seema Singh","doi":"10.1039/D2IM00059H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D2IM00059H","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present contribution emphasizes the formation of oligomeric products in various depolymerization approaches of lignin, namely reductive catalytic fractionation, oxidative catalytic fractionation, and pyrolysis. Three possible routes to form such oligomers in these depolymerization processes are summarized and compared from various studies conducted on model compounds. Next, the main identification techniques for characterizing oligomeric products are highlighted. Particular focus is given to 2D-HSQC-NMR, GPC, Maldi-TOF-MS and FT-ICR-MS, which represent the state-of-art characterization of lignin. Special attention was paid to the transferability of these techniques for depolymerized oligomeric lignin. Finally, both the existing and expected potential lignin valorization routes are discussed for these oligomers, and technical hurdles and recommendations are provided in an attempt to catalyze the development of new discoveries and enabling technologies.</p><p>Keywords: Lignin oligomer; Reductive and oxidative depolymerization; Biofuels; Characterization techniques; Lignin valorization.</p>","PeriodicalId":29808,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Chemistry & Materials","volume":" 2","pages":" 207-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/im/d2im00059h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49994182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}