Environment & Health最新文献

{"title":"Methyl <i>tert</i>-Butyl Ether May Be a Potential Environmental Pathogenic Factor for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Results from NHANES 2017-2020.","authors":"Fengtao Cui, Hanyun Wang, Mingxiao Guo, Yucheng Sun, Ye Xin, Wei Gao, Xingqiang Fang, Li Chen, Piye Niu, Junxiang Ma","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00140","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have shown that methyl <i>tert</i>-butyl ether (MTBE) could interfere with lipid metabolism. However, there is still a lack of epidemiological reports on the association between MTBE exposure and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, a cross-sectional study was performed with data from the 2017-2020 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The target population consisted of adults with reliable vibration controlled Transient elastography (VCTE) and blood MTBE concentration results. The hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were assessed by the values of the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM), respectively. Generalized linear mixed model analysis was performed to evaluate the association between MTBE exposure and both steatosis and early liver fibrosis after adjustment for potential confounders. A total of 1303 subjects were enrolled and divided into NAFLD groups (CAP ≥ 248) and non-NAFLD groups (CAP < 248) based on the values of CAP in this study. Generalized linear mixed analysis suggested that blood MTBE concentration was positively associated with NAFLD risk in whole populations (OR: 2.153, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.176-3.940) and female populations (OR: 11.019, 95% CI: 2.069-58.676). Blood MTBE concentration still showed an obvious positive correlation with the NAFLD risk after excluding factors such as diet and exercise in whole populations. Similarly, a positive correlation between blood MTBE concentration and liver fibrosis was also observed, although the results did not show significant statistical differences. In conclusion, our results indicate that MTBE exposure might be a potential important environmental pathogenic factor for NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"190-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subnational Evidence for the Attributable Burden of Respiratory Infections in China's Population under 20: Challenges from Particulate Matter Pollution.","authors":"Junchao Duan, Ruiyang Ding, Menglong Li, Jinlei Qi, Peng Yin, Lijun Wang, Zhiwei Sun, Yifei Hu, Maigeng Zhou","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00137","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory infections and tuberculosis ranked as the second leading global causes of mortality in 2021. Following the methodology from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021, we aimed to estimate the attributable burden and risk factors of respiratory infections and tuberculosis among China's population under 20 from 1990 to 2021. In 2021, there were 652 million new cases and 12 699 deaths of respiratory infections and tuberculosis among people under 20 years old in China. We estimated 9054 (71.2%) deaths and 818 498 (54.6%) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from respiratory infections attributed to all evaluated risk factors. Mortality rates were the highest in Xizang, Xinjiang, and Qinghai in 2021, while they constantly decreased since 1990. Ambient particulate matter pollution was the second leading cause of death among males and first among females, accounting for nearly 1/5 of deaths from respiratory infections and tuberculosis in 2021. In 23 of 33 provinces, ambient particulate matter pollution was the first leading cause of death and DALY, while in Xizang and Gansu, it was not the major contributor to the burden. From 1990 to 2021, the burden from household air pollution declined remarkably in all 33 provinces except for Xizang and Gansu, while the population attributable fraction (PAF) of ambient particulate matter pollution continuously increased. The overall burden of respiratory infections and tuberculosis showed a declining trend, while it remained a fatal threat to infants in relatively less developed regions. The raised hazard of ambient particulate matter pollution underscored the necessity of the shift into the formulation of prevention and intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"177-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subnational Evidence for the Attributable Burden of Respiratory Infections in China’s Population under 20: Challenges from Particulate Matter Pollution","authors":"Junchao Duan,&nbsp;Ruiyang Ding,&nbsp;Menglong Li,&nbsp;Jinlei Qi,&nbsp;Peng Yin,&nbsp;Lijun Wang,&nbsp;Zhiwei Sun,&nbsp;Yifei Hu* and Maigeng Zhou*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0013710.1021/envhealth.4c00137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00137https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00137","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Respiratory infections and tuberculosis ranked as the second leading global causes of mortality in 2021. Following the methodology from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021, we aimed to estimate the attributable burden and risk factors of respiratory infections and tuberculosis among China’s population under 20 from 1990 to 2021. In 2021, there were 652 million new cases and 12 699 deaths of respiratory infections and tuberculosis among people under 20 years old in China. We estimated 9054 (71.2%) deaths and 818 498 (54.6%) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from respiratory infections attributed to all evaluated risk factors. Mortality rates were the highest in Xizang, Xinjiang, and Qinghai in 2021, while they constantly decreased since 1990. Ambient particulate matter pollution was the second leading cause of death among males and first among females, accounting for nearly 1/5 of deaths from respiratory infections and tuberculosis in 2021. In 23 of 33 provinces, ambient particulate matter pollution was the first leading cause of death and DALY, while in Xizang and Gansu, it was not the major contributor to the burden. From 1990 to 2021, the burden from household air pollution declined remarkably in all 33 provinces except for Xizang and Gansu, while the population attributable fraction (PAF) of ambient particulate matter pollution continuously increased. The overall burden of respiratory infections and tuberculosis showed a declining trend, while it remained a fatal threat to infants in relatively less developed regions. The raised hazard of ambient particulate matter pollution underscored the necessity of the shift into the formulation of prevention and intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"177–189 177–189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Targeted Analysis of Environmental Contaminants and Their Associations with Semen Health Factors in Men from New York City","authors":"Trevor A. Johnson,&nbsp;Sarah Adelman,&nbsp;Bobby B. Najari,&nbsp;Joshua F. Robinson,&nbsp;Linda G. Kahn and Dimitri Abrahamsson*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0016510.1021/envhealth.4c00165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00165https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00165","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Characterizing the chemical composition of semen can provide valuable insights into the exposome and environmental factors that directly affect seminal and overall health. In this study, we compared molecular profiles of 45 donated semen samples from general population New York City participants and examined the correlation between the chemical profiles in semen and fertility parameters, i.e., sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm morphology, and semen volume. Samples were prepared using a protein precipitation procedure and analyzed using liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Non-targeted analysis (NTA) revealed 18 chemicals not previously reported in human exposome studies, with 3-hydroxyoctanedioic acid, a cosmetic additive, emerging as a plausible candidate found to be at higher levels in cases vs controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and associated with adverse sperm motility and morphology. Four level 1 identified compounds were found to have associations with semen health parameters; dibutyl phthalate and 2-aminophenol negatively impacted motility, 4-nitrophenol was associated with low morphology, while palmitic acid was found to be associated with both low morphology and low volume. This study aims to utilize NTA to understand the association of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) along with a full chemical profile to find trends separating poor and normal semen health parameters from each other chemically. Our results suggest that the collective effects of many CECs could adversely affect semen quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"164–176 164–176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Targeted Analysis of Environmental Contaminants and Their Associations with Semen Health Factors in Men from New York City.","authors":"Trevor A Johnson, Sarah Adelman, Bobby B Najari, Joshua F Robinson, Linda G Kahn, Dimitri Abrahamsson","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00165","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Characterizing the chemical composition of semen can provide valuable insights into the exposome and environmental factors that directly affect seminal and overall health. In this study, we compared molecular profiles of 45 donated semen samples from general population New York City participants and examined the correlation between the chemical profiles in semen and fertility parameters, i.e., sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm morphology, and semen volume. Samples were prepared using a protein precipitation procedure and analyzed using liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Non-targeted analysis (NTA) revealed 18 chemicals not previously reported in human exposome studies, with 3-hydroxyoctanedioic acid, a cosmetic additive, emerging as a plausible candidate found to be at higher levels in cases vs controls (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and associated with adverse sperm motility and morphology. Four level 1 identified compounds were found to have associations with semen health parameters; dibutyl phthalate and 2-aminophenol negatively impacted motility, 4-nitrophenol was associated with low morphology, while palmitic acid was found to be associated with both low morphology and low volume. This study aims to utilize NTA to understand the association of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) along with a full chemical profile to find trends separating poor and normal semen health parameters from each other chemically. Our results suggest that the collective effects of many CECs could adversely affect semen quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"164-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating Clean Energy Transitions to Safeguard Human Health and Survival","authors":"Shilu Tong*,&nbsp;Hilary Bambrick,&nbsp;Xiaoming Shi,&nbsp;Mathilde Pascal,&nbsp;Jason Prior and Eric Lavigne,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0015110.1021/envhealth.4c00151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00151https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00151","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The year 2023 was the warmest year in the 174-year global instrumental record. The year was also marked by a series of climate-related extreme events, including heat waves, storms, and wildfires that caused widespread economic and health impacts. The 28th Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change called for transitioning away from fossil fuels and accelerating action in this critical decade. All countries must move rapidly toward net zero emissions and scale up their action to ensure achievement of the Paris climate goals–viz., limiting the global temperature increase from preindustrial levels to well below 2 °C and pursuing efforts to keep it below 1.5 °C. There is growing concern about whether the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C is still achievable. We believe that it is still possible to limit warming to 1.5 °C if we take seven essential actions so human health and survival can be safeguarded: scaling up the energy transition to achieve carbon neutrality before the middle of this century; rapidly phasing out the construction of new fossil fuel exploration and infrastructure; enforcing an international carbon price; tightening emission targets across both the global north and south; promoting and adopting low-consumption lifestyle as the social norm; engaging in transformative change to simultaneously act on climate, biodiversity, equity, human health, and well-being; and boosting collective efforts and strengthening international cooperation.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"114–117 114–117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the Natural Attenuation of Cyanotoxins: Dissipation, Transformation Pathways, and Genotoxicity.","authors":"Jinlu Feng, Claude Kiki, Xi Li, Qian Sun, Feng Zhao","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00149","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN) are toxic cyanotoxins frequently found in drinking water sources, posing significant health risks. This study conducted a microcosm experiment using surface lake water exposed to sunlight to investigate the natural attenuation processes of MC-LR and CYN. Results indicated that photodegradation plays a crucial role in the natural attenuation of cyanotoxins. The half-lives of MC-LR and CYN were 1 and 7 days in summer under a combined effect of direct and indirect photodegradation, respectively. The effectiveness of these natural processes varied seasonally, with faster dissipation rates observed during summer. Bacterial degradation notably affected only MC-LR in summer, with a negligible effect on CYN. The identified transformation products showed that the conversion of MC-LR involved oxidation, hydroxylation, and/or bond cleavage with Adda and Mdha moieties, while it entails the oxidation of the tricyclic guanidine moiety and opening of the uracil ring for CYN. The Ames assay confirmed that these transformation products from the natural attenuation of MC-LR and CYN did not induce genotoxicity or mutagenicity. While these findings enhance our understanding of natural attenuation mechanisms, they also offer valuable insights that could guide artificial control strategies or improve the efficiency of cyanotoxin management. However, natural degradation processes alone, particularly in large water bodies, may be insufficient to fully mitigate cyanotoxin risks, highlighting the continued need for comprehensive management approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"154-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating Clean Energy Transitions to Safeguard Human Health and Survival.","authors":"Shilu Tong, Hilary Bambrick, Xiaoming Shi, Mathilde Pascal, Jason Prior, Eric Lavigne","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00151","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The year 2023 was the warmest year in the 174-year global instrumental record. The year was also marked by a series of climate-related extreme events, including heat waves, storms, and wildfires that caused widespread economic and health impacts. The 28th Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change called for transitioning away from fossil fuels and accelerating action in this critical decade. All countries must move rapidly toward net zero emissions and scale up their action to ensure achievement of the Paris climate goals-viz., limiting the global temperature increase from preindustrial levels to well below 2 °C and pursuing efforts to keep it below 1.5 °C. There is growing concern about whether the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C is still achievable. We believe that it is still possible to limit warming to 1.5 °C if we take seven essential actions so human health and survival can be safeguarded: scaling up the energy transition to achieve carbon neutrality before the middle of this century; rapidly phasing out the construction of new fossil fuel exploration and infrastructure; enforcing an international carbon price; tightening emission targets across both the global north and south; promoting and adopting low-consumption lifestyle as the social norm; engaging in transformative change to simultaneously act on climate, biodiversity, equity, human health, and well-being; and boosting collective efforts and strengthening international cooperation.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"114-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the Natural Attenuation of Cyanotoxins: Dissipation, Transformation Pathways, and Genotoxicity","authors":"Jinlu Feng,&nbsp;Claude Kiki,&nbsp;Xi Li,&nbsp;Qian Sun* and Feng Zhao,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0014910.1021/envhealth.4c00149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00149https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00149","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN) are toxic cyanotoxins frequently found in drinking water sources, posing significant health risks. This study conducted a microcosm experiment using surface lake water exposed to sunlight to investigate the natural attenuation processes of MC-LR and CYN. Results indicated that photodegradation plays a crucial role in the natural attenuation of cyanotoxins. The half-lives of MC-LR and CYN were 1 and 7 days in summer under a combined effect of direct and indirect photodegradation, respectively. The effectiveness of these natural processes varied seasonally, with faster dissipation rates observed during summer. Bacterial degradation notably affected only MC-LR in summer, with a negligible effect on CYN. The identified transformation products showed that the conversion of MC-LR involved oxidation, hydroxylation, and/or bond cleavage with Adda and Mdha moieties, while it entails the oxidation of the tricyclic guanidine moiety and opening of the uracil ring for CYN. The Ames assay confirmed that these transformation products from the natural attenuation of MC-LR and CYN did not induce genotoxicity or mutagenicity. While these findings enhance our understanding of natural attenuation mechanisms, they also offer valuable insights that could guide artificial control strategies or improve the efficiency of cyanotoxin management. However, natural degradation processes alone, particularly in large water bodies, may be insufficient to fully mitigate cyanotoxin risks, highlighting the continued need for comprehensive management approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"154–163 154–163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burnt Plastic (Pyroplastic) from the M/V <i>X-Press Pearl</i> Ship Fire and Plastic Spill Contain Compounds That Activate Endocrine and Metabolism-Related Human and Fish Transcription Factors.","authors":"Bryan D James, Alexander V Medvedev, Lyubov A Medvedeva, Elena Martsen, Kristen L Gorman, Benjamin Lin, Sergei S Makarov, Lihini I Aluwihare, Asha de Vos, Christopher M Reddy, Mark E Hahn","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00172","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In May 2021, the M/V <i>X-Press Pearl</i> ship fire disaster led to the largest maritime spill of resin pellets (nurdles) and burnt plastic (pyroplastic). Field samples collected from beaches in Sri Lanka nearest to the ship comprised nurdles and pieces of pyroplastic. Three years later, the toxicity of the spilled material remains unresolved. To begin understanding its potential toxicity, solvent extracts of the nurdles and pyroplastic were screened for their bioactivity by several Attagene FACTORIAL bioassays (TF, NR, and AquaTox), which measured the activity of a combined 70 human transcription factor response elements and nuclear receptors and 6 to 7 nuclear receptors for each of three phylogenetically distinct fish species. Extracts of the pyroplastics robustly activated end points for the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), estrogen receptor (ER), pregnane X receptor (PXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), retinoid X receptor (RXR), and oxidative stress (NRF2) and had the potential for activation of several others. The bioactivity profile of the pyroplastics was most similar (similarity score = 0.96) to that of probable human carcinogens benzo[<i>b</i>]fluoranthene and benzo[<i>k</i>]fluoranthene despite the extracts being a complex mixture of thousands of compounds. The activity diminished only slightly for extracts of pyroplastic collected eight months after the spill. The AquaTox FACTORIAL bioassay measured the activation of ERα, ERβ, androgen receptor (AR), PPARα, PPARγ, and RXRβ for human, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>), Japanese medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>), and rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), revealing species-specific sensitivities to the chemicals associated with the pyroplastics. These findings provide needed information to guide long-term monitoring efforts, make hazard assessments of the spilled material, and direct further research on pyroplastic, an emerging global contaminant.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"91-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}