Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research最新文献

{"title":"Revisiting the Electrocatalyst Role on Lignin Depolymerization","authors":"Lucie M. Lindenbeck,&nbsp;Vanessa C. Barra,&nbsp;Björn B. Beele,&nbsp;Bruno V. M. Rodrigues,&nbsp;Adam Slabon","doi":"10.1002/aesr.202400130","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aesr.202400130","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Replacing fossil resources as the primary source of carbon-based chemicals by alternative feedstocks, while implementing more sustainable production routes, has become imperative for environmental and resource sustainability. In this context, lignin, often treated as a biomass waste, emerges as an appealing candidate, considering the principles of circular economy. For this pursuit, depolymerization methods offer potential strategies to harness lignin to produce valuable organic chemicals, while electrocatalysis processes stand out especially in the context of sustainability, as they can be powered by electricity from renewable sources. This minireview article explores the pivotal role of various electrocatalysts in lignin depolymerization, investigating both oxidative and reductive pathways. Emphasizing recent advancements, the review delves into the diverse nature of electrocatalysts and their influence on lignin valorization. Highlighting current trends, the discussion encompasses the catalytic mechanisms and selectivity of electrochemical processes employed for lignin breakdown. Additionally, some insights into emerging technologies are also offered, emphasizing the need for sustainable and efficient strategies. By providing an overview of the field, this minireview aims to guide future research endeavors toward innovative electrocatalytic approaches for lignin depolymerization, paving the way for sustainable biorefinery processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":29794,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research","volume":"5 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aesr.202400130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of Ultra-Efficient Visible Light Catalysts via Material Modification to Activate Electron Polarization Inside the Material","authors":"Hong Tu,&nbsp;Ying Xu,&nbsp;Shun-shun Chen,&nbsp;Ya Wang,&nbsp;Sheng-xin Guo,&nbsp;Jian Wu","doi":"10.1002/aesr.202400175","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aesr.202400175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The high catalytic activity of photocatalysts is greatly influenced by the efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers. In this study, six g-C₃N₄-based COFs are designed and synthesized, and CN-203 is identified as the most efficient photocatalyst through experimental screening. Quantitative measurements reveal that singlet oxygen production is ≈100 times that of ·O₂⁻ and 5000 times that of ·OH. When combined with PMS, CN-203 exhibits degradation rates for RhB and TC that are ≈30 (<i>k</i> = 0.0293 s⁻¹) and 10 (<i>k</i> = 0.2940 min⁻¹) times faster than those of CN550(RhB, <i>k</i> = 0.0531 min⁻¹; TC, <i>k</i> = 0.0301 min⁻¹), respectively. Structural simulations and calculations show that the modified CN-203 have better electron–hole separation in the excited state, and the energy gap between HOMO and LUMO is significantly reduced after modification. The study also revealed the structure–function relationship between the modification of the same site with different functional groups and its effect on photocatalysis. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the relationship between surface structure and photocatalytic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":29794,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research","volume":"5 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aesr.202400175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Fast Sodium Conduction with Low-Temperature Hydrogen Release in Sodium Borohydride","authors":"Muhammad Saad Salman,&nbsp;Kshitij Srivastava,&nbsp;César Menéndez Muñiz,&nbsp;Kondo-Francois Aguey-Zinsou","doi":"10.1002/aesr.202400046","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aesr.202400046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Complex hydrides, such as sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), are attractive materials for hydrogen storage because of their high hydrogen capacity. However, practical application of these materials is limited because of their unfavorable hydrogen thermodynamics and poor kinetics. Herein, it is demonstrated that the inclusion of BF₄⁻ in NaBH₄ results in remarkable Na⁺ conductivity of 1.5 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹, which is 10 000 times higher compared to pure NaBH₄ (7.0 × 10⁻⁸ S cm⁻¹) at 115 °C. The ionic conductivity is also comparable to values reported for some of the best borohydride-based conductors reported to date. More remarkably, this improvement of ionic conductivity is found to be correlated to lower hydrogen release temperatures for BF₄⁻-modified NaBH₄ releasing hydrogen at a temperature of 200 °C instead of 510 °C in the case of pristine NaBH₄. Nudged elastic band calculations based on density functional theory reveal that partial substitution of the [BH₄]⁻ groups in NaBH₄ by BF₄⁻ may lead to the formation of distortions within the NaBH₄ crystal lattice with favorable channels for Na⁺ mobility enabling the release of hydrogen at low temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":29794,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research","volume":"5 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aesr.202400046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Charge Transfer in Perovskite-Inspired Silver Iodobismuthate-Based Solar Cells via Cesium Iodide Interlayer","authors":"Basheer Al-Anesi,&nbsp;Vipinraj Sugathan,&nbsp;Joshua K. G. Karlsson,&nbsp;Amit Tewari,&nbsp;Roshan Nasare,&nbsp;Paavo Mäkinen,&nbsp;Debjit Manna,&nbsp;Matti Mäntysalo,&nbsp;Paola Vivo","doi":"10.1002/aesr.202400119","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aesr.202400119","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ag₃BiI₆ (ABI) is one of the most widely explored lead-free perovskite-inspired materials for eco-friendly solar cell applications. However, despite the intense research efforts, the photovoltaic performance of ABI-based devices remains very modest, primarily due to poor film morphology and ineffective charge extraction. This work aims at investigating the potential benefits of a thermally evaporated cesium iodide (CsI) interlayer on the performance of ABI-based solar cells. Upon the addition of CsI atop the ABI layer in the device stack, the solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.27%. This is the highest efficiency reported for ABI solar cells employing a similar device architecture. It is found that the enhancement in PCE is largely due to improvement in the ABI|hole transport layer interface upon the introduction of CsI interlayer. The improvement is largely ascribed to enhanced surface coverage upon introduction of CsI interlayer, as evidenced by our comprehensive microscopy studies. Furthermore, impedance spectroscopy analysis is employed to provide further insights into the changes in charge transfer dynamics interlayer that dictate the enhancement of fill factor and short-circuit current density in the devices. The findings indicate that the addition of CsI promotes charge transfer and minimizes recombination losses.</p>","PeriodicalId":29794,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research","volume":"5 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aesr.202400119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategies for Scalable Deposition of Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules","authors":"Azam Khorasani,&nbsp;Fateme Mohamadkhani,&nbsp;Maziar Marandi,&nbsp;Huiming Luo,&nbsp;Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi","doi":"10.1002/aesr.202470017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aesr.202470017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules</b>\u0000 </p><p>In article number 2300275, Azam Khorasani, Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi, and co-workers provide a comprehensive summary of recent advancements, comparisons, and future prospects of scalable deposition techniques for perovskite photovoltaics, highlighting solution-processing techniques and vapor deposition methods. The advantages, challenges, and integration of these techniques in perovskite solar modules are discussed, providing guidelines and perspectives for the industrial development of perovskite PV technology.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":29794,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research","volume":"5 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aesr.202470017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium Alginate Core–Shell Liquid Beads Encapsulated with Microalgae for Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Du Tuan Tran,&nbsp;Nhat-Khuong Nguyen,&nbsp;Ajeet Singh Yadav,&nbsp;Ann Chuang,&nbsp;Michele Burford,&nbsp;Fariba Malekpour Galogahi,&nbsp;Kamalalayam Rajan Sreejith,&nbsp;Nam-Trung Nguyen","doi":"10.1002/aesr.202470019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aesr.202470019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Wastewater Treatment</b>\u0000 </p><p>In article number 2400112, Nam-Trung Nguyen and co-workers encapsulated <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> microalgae into calcium alginate core-shell liquid beads to enhance nutrient removal from wastewater, addressing eutrophication risks. By varying calcium ion concentrations in the shell of liquid beads, the authors found the system with 5% concentration exhibited superior cell growth, effective nutrient removal and exceptional stabilities. These insights inform future optimization of wastewater treatment using calcium alginate liquid beads.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":29794,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research","volume":"5 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aesr.202470019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of Waste Biomass to Biofuels for Power Production and Transportation in Optimized Way: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Farrukh Jamil,&nbsp;Abrar Inayat,&nbsp;Murid Hussain,&nbsp;Parveen Akhter,&nbsp;Zainul Abideen,&nbsp;Chaouki Ghenai,&nbsp;Abdallah Shanableh,&nbsp;Tamer M. M. Abdellatief","doi":"10.1002/aesr.202400104","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aesr.202400104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fossil fuels are primary sources for energy production. Increased dependence on fossil fuels has resulted in increased environmental issues demanding alternative sources. Bioenergy is becoming a popular alternative energy source due to its positive environmental impact and the availability of renewable sources. However, the availability of renewable energy sources in the energy sector currently contributes to about 14%. Biofuels are preferred due to its sustainability, eco-friendly approach, and low-cost raw materials, making it an efficient technique for energy production. This article provides the fundamental and applied concepts for on conversion processes of biomass to biofuels, such as combustion, pyrolysis, fermentation, gasification, and anaerobic digestion along with their role in the green economy. Different physical characteristics of biomass resources are important and contribute to determining their potential for producing biofuels. Herein, LCA, its techno-economic importance, and the role of biomass in green economy are explained. Varying compositions and properties of different types of biomass resources, including lignocellulosic feedstocks, agriculture and forest residue, municipal solid waste, food waste, and animal manure as potential biomass resources, have been discussed. The article explains the strengths and weaknesses of different thermochemical conversion techniques and their current input toward scalar applications and commercialization.</p>","PeriodicalId":29794,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research","volume":"5 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aesr.202400104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ternary Pentlandites as Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts in Alkaline Media","authors":"Sebastian A. Sanden,&nbsp;Mathias Smialkowski,&nbsp;Sabrina Y. Hu,&nbsp;Nevil Suvagiya,&nbsp;Steven Angel,&nbsp;Christof Schulz,&nbsp;Ulf-Peter Apfel","doi":"10.1002/aesr.202400128","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aesr.202400128","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Metal sulfides are promising alternatives to noble metal electrocatalysts for water-based hydrogen evolution. Pentlandites, notably, exhibit high activity in acidic environments. To explore their potential in alkaline conditions, pentlandite electrodes are tested in both conventional three-electrode setups and scaled up to a 12.6 cm&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$^{2}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Optimized pentlandites with a stochiometry of &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;M&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;9&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;8&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$left(text{M}right)_{9} left(text{S}right)_{8}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, containing Fe, Ni, and Co, show reduced overpotentials for hydrogen evolution with higher Fe and Ni contents. However, a minimum Co content of three equivalents is necessary for peak hydrogen evolution reaction activity with −0.40 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode at −300 mA cm&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$^{- 2}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. Stability assessments via X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy reveal minor surface changes for Fe and Ni species but significant leaching of cobalt from Co&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;4.5&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$_{4.5}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;Ni&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;4.5&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$_{4.5}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;S&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":29794,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research","volume":"5 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aesr.202400128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid Water Visualization in the Pt-Loading Cathode Catalyst Layers of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Using Operando Synchrotron X-ray Radiography","authors":"Wataru Yoshimune,&nbsp;Akihiko Kato,&nbsp;Tetsuichiro Hayakawa,&nbsp;Satoshi Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Satoru Kato","doi":"10.1002/aesr.202400126","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aesr.202400126","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water management is important for addressing the challenges posed by next-generation fuel cell electric vehicles. Although X-ray imaging techniques are useful for probing the mechanism of water transport in the gas diffusion layer of polymer electrolyte fuel cells, they cannot be easily applied to the Pt-loading catalyst layer because of its low X-ray transmittance due to the high absorption coefficient of Pt. Herein, a method to realize the high-resolution X-ray imaging of a 30 μm-thick cathode catalyst layer in polymer electrolyte fuel cells using synchrotron X-ray radiography is proposed, thus bridging the above gap. The results of operando synchrotron X-ray radiography measurements reveal that water accumulation in the cathode catalyst layer depends on the cell temperature, feed gas humidity, and cell voltage, while time-slice analysis shows that the water accumulation rate in the cathode catalyst layer immediately after the power generation is faster than that in the cathode gas diffusion layer. The proposed imaging method can be used to evaluate the water storage capacity of the catalyst layer and thus deepen the understanding of flooding phenomena and cold-start behavior at subzero temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":29794,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research","volume":"5 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aesr.202400126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of the Mannich Reaction toward Amino-Based Anthraquinone Applied in Aqueous Redox Flow Battery","authors":"Renata G. Almeida,&nbsp;Oshadie De Silva,&nbsp;Fábio G. Delolo,&nbsp;Maria H. Araujo,&nbsp;Subashani Maniam,&nbsp;Eufrânio N. da Silva Júnior","doi":"10.1002/aesr.202400118","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aesr.202400118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A water-soluble anthraquinone derived from alizarin, 3HAAQ, is introduced as the redox-active material in a negative potential electrolyte (anolyte) for aqueous redox flow batteries operating at pH 14. The synthesis of 3HAAQ is carried out using the Mannich reaction, which significantly improves the solubility of the new compound, an important factor for its use in RFB. Pairing with potassium ferri/ferrocyanide positive electrolyte, this flow battery exhibits an open-circuit voltage of 1.24 V and maintains nearly 80% of the theoretical capacity at 40 mA cm⁻² current density.</p>","PeriodicalId":29794,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research","volume":"5 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aesr.202400118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141703004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}