Precision ChemistryPub Date : 2025-03-21eCollection Date: 2025-06-23DOI: 10.1021/prechem.4c00096
Zongbo Li, Mingquan Guo, Wenwan Zhong
{"title":"Multiplex Detection of Biomarkers Empowered by Nanomaterials.","authors":"Zongbo Li, Mingquan Guo, Wenwan Zhong","doi":"10.1021/prechem.4c00096","DOIUrl":"10.1021/prechem.4c00096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomarkers, including proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, are the molecules that can provide insightful information about biological processes and pathological developments. Identification and quantification of biomarkers are highly beneficial for disease diagnosis, progression monitoring, and treatment supervision. However, disease development often involves the complex interplay of molecular networks that limits the utility of individual biomarkers in reaching reliable diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Thus, recent developments of bioassays have turned the focus to analysis of a collection of biomarkers simultaneously, aiming to improve precision in diagnosis. To achieve the demanded throughput in multiplex detection while keeping the excellent analytical performance in speed, sensitivity, and selectivity, nanomaterials stand out to be the proper enabling tools, with their unique but highly diversified physical and chemical properties and the much advanced synthesis strategies. Herein, this review highlights the recent (2020-2024) developments in the nanomaterial-enabled, optical multiplex sensing techniques. Four key approaches to achieve multiplexity were discussed: spatial coding, signal coding, biocarriers, and data deconvolution using machine learning. We believe these advancements have driven forward the applications of multiplex detection in clinical settings by improving the throughput of biomarker analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":29793,"journal":{"name":"Precision Chemistry","volume":"3 6","pages":"297-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Precision ChemistryPub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1021/prechem.4c0009610.1021/prechem.4c00096
Zongbo Li, Mingquan Guo and Wenwan Zhong*,
{"title":"Multiplex Detection of Biomarkers Empowered by Nanomaterials","authors":"Zongbo Li, Mingquan Guo and Wenwan Zhong*, ","doi":"10.1021/prechem.4c0009610.1021/prechem.4c00096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/prechem.4c00096https://doi.org/10.1021/prechem.4c00096","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Biomarkers, including proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, are the molecules that can provide insightful information about biological processes and pathological developments. Identification and quantification of biomarkers are highly beneficial for disease diagnosis, progression monitoring, and treatment supervision. However, disease development often involves the complex interplay of molecular networks that limits the utility of individual biomarkers in reaching reliable diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Thus, recent developments of bioassays have turned the focus to analysis of a collection of biomarkers simultaneously, aiming to improve precision in diagnosis. To achieve the demanded throughput in multiplex detection while keeping the excellent analytical performance in speed, sensitivity, and selectivity, nanomaterials stand out to be the proper enabling tools, with their unique but highly diversified physical and chemical properties and the much advanced synthesis strategies. Herein, this review highlights the recent (2020–2024) developments in the nanomaterial-enabled, optical multiplex sensing techniques. Four key approaches to achieve multiplexity were discussed: spatial coding, signal coding, biocarriers, and data deconvolution using machine learning. We believe these advancements have driven forward the applications of multiplex detection in clinical settings by improving the throughput of biomarker analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":29793,"journal":{"name":"Precision Chemistry","volume":"3 6","pages":"297–318 297–318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/prechem.4c00096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of Active Sites for Reverse Water–Gas Shift Reactions on Pt/TiO2 Cluster Catalysts","authors":"Li Feng, and , Jin-Xun Liu*, ","doi":"10.1021/prechem.5c00010","DOIUrl":"10.1021/prechem.5c00010","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) reaction is a key process for CO<sub>2</sub> conversion and sustainable fuel production, yet the nature of the active sites on Pt/TiO<sub>2</sub> cluster catalysts remains elusive. Using first-principles microkinetic simulations, we systematically investigated the catalytic behavior of Pt clusters on TiO<sub>2</sub> under operational reaction conditions. We studied three distinct catalytic sites─Pt cluster surfaces, oxygen vacancies (O<sub>V</sub>) on TiO<sub>2</sub>, and Pt–O<sub>V</sub>–Ti interfaces─and revealed that the Pt–O<sub>V</sub>–Ti interface exhibited the highest RWGS activity via a redox mechanism. This synergy enhances CO<sub>2</sub> activation and facilitates oxygen reduction more effectively than the isolated O<sub>V</sub> on TiO<sub>2</sub>, which show 4-fold lower activity. In contrast, CO-covered Pt clusters show minimal CO<sub>2</sub> activation but serve as H<sub>2</sub> dissociation sites, enabling hydrogen spillover to adjacent O<sub>V</sub> on TiO<sub>2</sub>, thereby sustaining the RWGS process. Kinetic analysis revealed OH reduction to H<sub>2</sub>O as the rate-determining step on both interfacial Pt–O<sub>V</sub>–Ti and at the O<sub>V</sub> on the TiO<sub>2–<i>X</i></sub> support. These findings highlight the pivotal role of the Pt–O<sub>V</sub>–Ti interface in driving the RWGS and offer a design strategy for optimizing high-temperature CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation catalysts by maximizing the number of interfacial active sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":29793,"journal":{"name":"Precision Chemistry","volume":"3 7","pages":"380–388"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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