Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Electrochemical synthesis: A flourishing green technology for the manufacturing of organic compounds","authors":"David Cantillo","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100416","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient electrogeneration of oxygen centered radicals from N-alkoxyphthalimides employing rapid alternating polarity (RAP) electrolysis. Transferring the photoredox catalytic conditions to organic electrosynthesis","authors":"Julio Romero-Ibañez ,&nbsp;Diego Francisco Chicas-Baños ,&nbsp;Fernando Sartillo-Piscil ,&nbsp;Bernardo A. Frontana-Uribe","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The first electrogeneration of <em>O</em>-centered radicals from <em>N</em>-alkoxyphthalimides <em>via</em> rapid alternating polarity (RAP) electrolysis, using previous experimental conditions of photoredox catalysis (PRC) is reported. The electrochemical methodology emulates satisfactorily the redox cycle behavior accepted to explain the PRC technique. Notably, the contribution of oxidized Hantzsch ester produced during the anodic reaction is emphasized, which behaves as an efficient proton donor to facilitate N–O cleavage and to extinguish the radical sequence efficiently. The reaction is conducted in a practical way using an undivided cell fitted with glassy carbon electrodes, allowing the same reactions to occur on both electrodes during the overall transformation reaching a 77% yield of the corresponding alcohol. This yield is higher than the electrochemical protocol using direct current electrolysis, confirming that the use of RAP electrolysis favors the proximity where the reactive intermediates are produced, facilitating their reaction to promote the desired reaction pathway.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666086524000092/pdfft?md5=6dbfc76e9a45b60f2a2eea9b3484570e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666086524000092-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles derived from Limonia acidissima L. fruit extract","authors":"Azharuddin B. Daphedar ,&nbsp;Sanjay S. Majani ,&nbsp;Praveenkumar J. Kaddipudi ,&nbsp;Raveendra B. Hujaratti ,&nbsp;Siddappa B. Kakkalmeli ,&nbsp;Ali A. Shati ,&nbsp;Mohammad Y. Alfaifi ,&nbsp;Serag Eldin I. Elbehairi ,&nbsp;Chandan Shivamallu ,&nbsp;Usha Jinendra ,&nbsp;Shiva Prasad Kollur","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the rapidly expanding field of nanoscience and research, AgNPs and their diverse by-products have been acknowledged as having a green approach. Fruit extract of <em>Limonia acidissima</em> L. is capable of bio-reducing AgNO₃ and stabilizing AgNPs. AgNPs distinctive absorption peak at 417 nm at pH 8 was visible on the UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The fruit extract contained bioactive chemicals, which may be the cause of the AgNPs bio-capping and stabilizing properties, according to Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) examination, the AgNPs solid crystalline nature and size of 29.05 nm were investigated. Lastly, AFM and HR-TEM studies verified the AgNPs surface morphology, particularly their size and form. The DPPH assay method was used to measure the AgNPs capacity for radical scavenging. As compared to normal ascorbic acid and fruit extract (control), the AgNPs produced from the fruit extract demonstrated good antioxidant effectiveness. To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the AgNPs sample, it was additionally evaluated against <em>E. coli, S. typhi, V. cholera,</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>. With the greatest zone of inhibition and thus the strongest antibacterial activity, <em>S. aureus</em> (12.03 ± 0.043 mm) was the organism that displayed it. On the other hand, the least active strain was <em>V. cholera</em> (9.09 ± 0.013 mm). The data indicates that bio-fabricated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory efficacy together with a notable zone of inhibition. Additionally, <em>S. aureus</em> was shown to be more effective than <em>V. cholera</em>. Future health and pharmaceutical fields may benefit from the biocompatible method of separating AgNPs from <em>L. acidissima</em> fruit extract.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666086524000043/pdfft?md5=ebd3fbc0fcf6ea373eed64c748762518&pid=1-s2.0-S2666086524000043-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C–C and C–N bond formation in electro-oxidation reactions of aromatic compounds","authors":"A. Kononov ,&nbsp;S. Strekalova ,&nbsp;E. Kobeleva ,&nbsp;G. Savelyev ,&nbsp;A. Zlygostev ,&nbsp;M. Khvorova ,&nbsp;V. Morozov ,&nbsp;O. Babaeva ,&nbsp;Y. Budnikova","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Atom-economical, eco-efficient, metal- and chemical oxidant-free formation of C–C and C–N bond from C(sp²)−H and C(sp³)−H of arenes toward the direct synthesis of biaryls and anilides or <em>N</em>-benzylamides under mild electro-oxidative conditions is described. The products of C–C and C–N coupling are obtained in up to 88% yields. Aromatic substrates that are oxidized at potentials less positive than +2 V or have bulky bromine or iodine substituents undergo homo-coupling reactions by anodic oxidation to form biaryls or dimers. Aromatic substrates that are difficult to oxidize (<em>E</em>_ox &gt; +2 V) preferentially form anilides and <em>N</em>-benzylamides upon anodic oxidation. The presence of a chlorine substituent on the aromatic ring leads to the formation of both biaryls and anilides during electro-oxidation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666086524000110/pdfft?md5=8f515219cf599fe9959383ffcc0666d2&pid=1-s2.0-S2666086524000110-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rubia-inspired biogenic synthesis of Cu–ZnO nanocomposites: Dual-modelling of visible light photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial assessment","authors":"Jeevan Mathew Tharayil ,&nbsp;Prakash Chinnaiyan ,&nbsp;Arumugam Sathasivan","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesised using Rubia cordifolia root extract and their photocatalytic degradation and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. Among all dopant concentrations, UV-VIS analysis of 5 % Cu–ZnO NPs revealed a clean shift towards the visible range with a reduction in the band gap from 3.2 eV for pristine ZnO to 2.98 eV. Formed NPs were identified as wurtzite crystal structure (size of 16.67 nm) having functional group of ZnO, using XRD and FTIR analysis. Highest photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of both Alizarine Red (AZ) (80 %) and Rhodamine B (RhB) (82 %) dyes were by 5 % Cu–ZnO NPs. Statistical modelling and optimization were conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), resulting in development of models having &gt;90 % predictive accuracy. Furthermore, the biogenic Cu–ZnO nanoparticles exhibits effective antimicrobial properties against both gram-positive (<em>S. aureus</em>) and gram-negative (<em>E. coli</em>) bacteria. The biogenic synthesis approach demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic efficiency and antimicrobial properties, suggesting its potential for environmentally friendly applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-dione derivatives in a reusable catalyst/solvent; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP)","authors":"Farzaneh Mohamadpour","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A green method of producing 1<em>H</em>-pyrazolo[1,2-<em>b</em>]phthalazine-5,10-dione derivatives is shown. It makes use of polyfluorinated alcohol as a reusable catalyst/solvent and the Knoevenagel-Michael cyclic condensation mechanism. This procedure complies with green chemistry guidelines. The reactions can be completed in a lot less time and produce products with exceptional yields. Safe reactions are used in this environmentally friendly approach, which eliminates the requirement for column chromatographic separation. It is also simple to create and work up, inexpensive, and cost-effective. Furthermore, green 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) is highly stable and does not significantly change or lose its effectiveness when utilized four more times. Because of this, it's highly helpful for preserving the environment when doing industrial operations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666086524000328/pdfft?md5=0b3c4d48acc52ca8da55815f77533025&pid=1-s2.0-S2666086524000328-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar derived from citronella and oregano waste residues for removal of organic dyes and soil amendment","authors":"Marwa Rammal ,&nbsp;Ghenwa Kataya ,&nbsp;Adnan Badran ,&nbsp;Lara Yazbeck ,&nbsp;Chaden Haidar ,&nbsp;Khodor Haidar Hassan ,&nbsp;Akram Hijazi ,&nbsp;Walid Meouche ,&nbsp;Mikhael Bechelany ,&nbsp;Mohammad H. El-Dakdouki","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exponential growth and prominence of the essential oil industry was associated with the generation of large amounts of plant residues which, if not managed properly, present an environmental threat due to their ability to contaminate soil and water systems. This study focuses on the valorization of residues generated from oregano and citronella plants following essential oil extraction. To tackle this challenge, we investigated the potential of biochar of oregano and citronella residues for removing methyl orange dye, a common environmental pollutant, and assessed their phytotoxicity for potential applications as soil amendment. The biochar was produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (300 °C and 400 °C) to study the effect of temperature on the various physicochemical properties of the biochar. Several analytical techniques were used to characterize the generated biochar including Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive (EDX) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The efficiency of oregano and citronella biochars produced at different temperatures as soil amendment was evaluated by examining the germination and root development of <em>Lepidium sativum</em> seeds commonly known as garden cress. The control group displayed strong performance with 90–100 % germination and 3.54 cm root length. Oregano biochar obtained by pyrolysis at 300 °C (BOR-300) was toxic to seed growth, while the biochar fabricated at 400 °C (BOR-400) improved germination but fell short of the control. On the other hand, citronella biochar generated at 300 °C (BCR-300) and 400 °C (BCR-400) resulted in better germination compared to BOR, but still lagged behind the control group. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that citronella biochar (BCR) at 400 °C effectively removed 88.8 % of the methyl orange dye. Conversely, the combination of oregano biochar (BOR) and citronella biochar (BCR) at 300 °C did not substantially affect the dye removal efficiency. In summary, applying BOR and BCR produced at 400 °C to soil appears environmentally safe but does not significantly enhance plant growth. These results highlight the critical roles played by biochar type and pyrolysis temperature in shaping the application process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mangosteen pericarp extract mediated synthesis of Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite and its application on organic pollutant degradation by adsorption-photocatalytic activity","authors":"Fairuz Septiningrum ,&nbsp;Akhmad Herman Yuwono ,&nbsp;Fakhri Akbar Maulana ,&nbsp;Eka Nurhidayah ,&nbsp;Donanta Dhaneswara ,&nbsp;Nofrijon Sofyan ,&nbsp;Heri Hermansyah ,&nbsp;Widodo Wahyu Purwanto","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herein, Ag/TiO₂ nanocomposite was synthesized via a green chemistry approach, which is an eco-friendly, simple, and cost-effective method involving mangosteen pericarp extract as a reducing agent. The as-prepared nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zeta potential measurement, and nitrogen (N₂) adsorption-desorption analysis. The performance of Ag/TiO₂ nanocomposite was examined by degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye as a model of organic pollutant. The dye degradation using the Ag/TiO₂ nanocomposite containing 45 mM of Ag revealed the high MB degradation, which is 85.77 % after 30 min under dark condition. Furthermore, complete degradation of 96.76 % was achieved after 2 h under visible light irradiation. In contrast, bare TiO₂ only achieved 41.45 % after 30 min dark and 2 h visible light irradiation. This increase in degradation efficiency can be attributed to the adsorption process and the enhanced light absorption resulting from the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of Ag. Therefore, the green-synthesized Ag/TiO₂ nanocomposite has great potential as an integrated adsorbent photocatalyst materials for remediating organic pollutants in dye effluents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666086523000401/pdfft?md5=65925a597a5dce401eb2905ca3eece75&pid=1-s2.0-S2666086523000401-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139071634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar in global carbon cycle: Towards sustainable development goals","authors":"Kishan Nandi Shoudho ,&nbsp;Tausif Hasan Khan ,&nbsp;Ummay Rifat Ara ,&nbsp;Moshiur Rahman Khan ,&nbsp;Zayed Bin Zakir Shawon ,&nbsp;Md Enamul Hoque","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The world is currently facing significant challenges in reducing the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) through scientific methods, primarily by sequestering the CO₂ in the soil. Biochar is a kind of charcoal that is primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Due to its aromatic content, biochar can persist in the environment for an extended period and absorb greenhouse gases (GHG). Each year, biochar effectively captures an estimated amount of CO₂ ranging from 1 to 35 gigatons (GtCO₂) and 78 to 477 GtCO₂ over this century. Biochar helps mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon in the soil for extended periods and consequently reducing GHG emissions. This enhances soil fertility, water retention capacity, and nutrient circulation, which promote higher crop yields. Biochar's by-products of biochar can be harvested and used as a renewable energy source. Besides, biochar integration can be effective in waste management strategies that mitigate the challenges of organic waste disposal. Biochar is also an efficient water purification element that favors climate action. Through the application of biochar alteration can be employed to establish carbon credits, and its methods can effectively reduce carbon emissions to an acceptable level. Biochar's unique properties, wide-spread applicability, cost-effectiveness, and trustworthy development prospects demonstrate great potential towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This review discusses the properties, diverse applications, and social and technical impacts of biochar in the global carbon cycle towards sustainable development goals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666086524000146/pdfft?md5=581a0fb4f6cc7ccf6064a42fe420bd38&pid=1-s2.0-S2666086524000146-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140277561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical role of neem and jujube extracts in stabilizing copper nanostructures: A comparative study in green synthesis of CuNSs","authors":"Vahid Tavallali ,&nbsp;Hossein Tavallali ,&nbsp;Ali Mazraeh ,&nbsp;Mina Dashti Darvishzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper nanostructures (CuNSs) have garnered significant attention for their unique properties, such as high tensile strength, stiffness, elevated surface area, toughness, flexibility, and malleability. Recently, there has been a growing focus on not only the performance of CuNSs but also on their green and sustainable production. This study highlights an eco-friendly approach to synthesizing CuNSs using plant extracts, offering a more sustainable alternative to conventional methods. The green synthesis using extracts from jujube and neem leaves reduces the reliance on harmful chemicals, ensuring environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness. We utilized this method to transform metal salts into CuNSs with minimal environmental impact. The resulting nanostructures were characterized using various advanced analytical techniques, such as FT-IR, UV–Vis, Raman, DLS, EDS, XRD, TGA, SEM, and TEM. The comparison between jujube and neem-based nanostructures demonstrated that the functional groups in jujube offer greater stabilization, making them more suitable for sustainable applications. This work emphasizes the potential of green techniques in producing CuNSs, offering an environmentally conscious path forward in nanotechnology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}