Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Phase separation behaviour during direct solvent extraction of Corynebacterium glutamicum fermentation broth – Systematic study of crud suppression","authors":"Jörg Eberz ,&nbsp;Lara Strehl ,&nbsp;Marcel Mann ,&nbsp;Andreas Jupke ,&nbsp;Jørgen Barsett Magnus","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The economic competitiveness of bio-based production processes is often hindered by the high costs associated with downstream processing, compared to fossil-based methods. Liquid-liquid extraction is a widely used technique for aqueous fermentation systems and offers significant cost-saving potential, especially if extraction could be performed directly from the fermentation broth without prior cell separation. However, this is often hindered by the formation of \"crud\" — a deposit or emulsion at the interface between two partially settled phases. This study investigates the liquid-liquid phase separation of <em>Corynebacterium glutamicum</em> DM 1933 fermentation broths using five different solvents. We systematically examined the impact of cell surface properties, modified through nutrient concentration, on crud formation. In addition, the variation in salt concentration and pH after fermentation was analysed. Our findings show that the present nutrient concentration influences the cell surface properties and, consequently, crud formation. A more hydrophilic cell surface was present at a lower phosphate concentration, whereas a more hydrophobic cell surface was measured for a lower nitrogen and iron concentration. With a more hydrophobic cell surface, the fermentation broth showed a large crud phase, while a decrease in crud formation could be seen for fermentation broths with a more hydrophilic cell surface. Furthermore, the crud formation is influenced by the pH, cell and salt concentration and strongly by the used solvent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tofu Wastewater Recovery for β-glucan Production by Pichia norvegensis and Candida tropicalis","authors":"Deidita Nafisa Wahyudi ,&nbsp;Gemilang Lara Utama ,&nbsp;Andri Frediansyah","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to determine the applicability of tofu wastewater as a medium for yeast growth and to determine the optimal growth time of yeast to produce β-glucans, as well as the yield and characteristics of β-glucans extract. <em>Pichia norvegensis</em> and <em>Candida tropicalis</em> cell walls were extracted for β-glucan. FTIR, solid-state NMR, and SEM were utilized to investigate purity, structural differences, and antioxidant activity. <em>Candida tropicalis</em> (BCT) yielded 3.20 % crude β-glucan, while <em>Pichia norvegiensis</em> NYI (BPN) yielded 2.10 %. FTIR showed β-glucan impurities in mannoprotein-chitosan combinations. BPN and BCT have β-glucan bands at 1075, 1041, and 894 cm⁻¹. The impurity of both samples was confirmed by NMR spectra, which showed that the broad signal of BPN and BCT chemical shift at 4.803–4.587 ppm and at 4.764–4.541 ppm, respectively, corresponded to l β-1,3-glucosidic and β-1,6-glucosidic linkage, with some unusual anomeric resonance at 5.094–5.024 ppm by SEM, BPN and BCT were porous, sheet-like, and fibrous. BPN had 20.07 % DPPH radical scavenging activity, while BCT had 36.01 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2-Aminopyridine as a recyclable catalyst for metal-free synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds","authors":"Farzaneh Mohamadpour","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-<em>d</em>]pyrimidine structures through a one-pot process without the use of metals. The method employs Knoevenagel-Michael cyclocondensation and utilizes a low-cost, reusable catalyst, 2-aminopyridine. The synthesis of pyrano[2,3-<em>d</em>]pyrimidine structures is achieved by refluxing in ethanol (EtOH). The process allows for the easy production of compounds in large quantities and requires minimal reaction time. This cost-effective method features safe reaction conditions, avoids the need for column chromatography, facilitates easy mixing, and promotes efficient material use. Furthermore, 2-aminopyridine demonstrated excellent stability, being reusable up to four times without significant degradation. This approach is particularly beneficial for addressing environmental issues and fulfilling industrial demands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-assisted synthesis of ZSM-5 from blast furnace slag","authors":"Nhlanhla Nyembe ,&nbsp;Yusuf M. Isa","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A rapid hydrothermal synthesis method was employed to prepare a novel Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5) material impregnated with intrinsic metal alloys (Fe₂O₃, MnO, TiO₂, Cr₂O₃, and NiO). Green chemistry was paired with the synthesis method as a sustainable approach to valorize blast furnace slag (BFS) while addressing the growing demand for high-performance zeolites. This study investigated the role of acid-leached BFS as a precursor and explored the advantages of microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis over conventional methods. The synthesis temperature and time were varied to explore their effects on the physicochemical, textural, and structural properties of the synthesized ZSM-5 products, with commercial ZSM-5 serving as a reference material for comparison. The favourable synthesis conditions were found to be 180 °C and 13 h, yielding a crystalline ZSM-5 product characterized by well-defined cubic prism shapes with microsized intergrown rectangular crystals. Furthermore, the synthesized ZSM-5 had a mesoporous structure with an average crystallinity of 52.4 % and a low specific surface area (108.4 m²/g) compared to the reference sample (436.4 m²/g). The use of microwave irradiation significantly reduced the synthesis time and energy consumption while preserving the structural integrity of the zeolite framework. Moreover, the synthesis temperature strongly affected the crystal size, while the synthesis time affected the morphology. However, neither the synthesis temperature nor the synthesis time affected the chemical composition of the products. This study highlighted the potential of BFS as a low-cost, sustainable feedstock for zeolite synthesis and the effectiveness of microwave-assisted methods in improving process efficiency. Further work has been proposed to evaluate the potential use of the synthesized ZSM-5 in industrial applications such as catalysis or adsorption processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization, derivatization and characterization of mango waste cellulose (Mangifera indica) and its use for the production of composite nanofibers","authors":"Amet Ovando-Roblero ,&nbsp;María Celina Luján-Hidalgo ,&nbsp;Rocío Meza-Gordillo ,&nbsp;Rosa Isela Cruz-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Zaira Domínguez ,&nbsp;Ricardo Vera-Graziano ,&nbsp;Elisa Miranda Buendía ,&nbsp;Karla K. Gómez-Lizárraga","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100453","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced antibacterial activity of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract mediated hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite-iron oxide nanocomposites","authors":"M. Rokonozzaman ,&nbsp;Kishan Nandi Shoudho ,&nbsp;N. Banik ,&nbsp;Mehedi Hasan Pritom ,&nbsp;M. Ariful Haque ,&nbsp;M.K. Alam ,&nbsp;N. Begum ,&nbsp;Shoeb Ahmed ,&nbsp;I.A. Khan ,&nbsp;A.S.M. Al Amin ,&nbsp;M.N.I. Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydroxyapatite (HA) is frequently used in a variety of biomedical applications especially in orthopedics and dental because of its outstanding bioactivity and biocompatibility. On the other hand, HA lacks inherent antibacterial properties, shows poor mechanical strength, and infection issues are still one of the main causes of implant failure. Consequently, antibacterial HA may be a potential material for HA applications. For any potential uses of modified hydroxyapatite, such as in medicine or environmental protection, magnetite (Fe₃O₄) may be a crucial element because it has good mechanical properties and is preferred in biomedical systems. Moreover, Fe₃O₄ is biocompatible and basically nontoxic to humans. Therefore, the present study aims to find a novel approach that may improve the antibacterial activity of HA and HA-Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites and provide low toxicity to humans. The synthesized HA and HA -Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and Zeta potential analyzer. Moreover, antibacterial activity tests confirmed that the utilization of <em>Ocimum sanctum</em> leaf extract as a reaction medium in HA and HA-Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites synthesis improved antibacterial activity against <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em><strong>.</strong> This research demonstrates the green synthesis of HA and HA-Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites using <em>Ocimum sanctum</em> leaf extract by hydrothermal method, opening the door for potential applications in biomedical fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Corynocarpus laevigatus extract as a green corrosion retardant for mild steel in acidic media: A combined gravimetric, gasometric and electrochemical methods","authors":"Anthony I. Obike ,&nbsp;K.S. Eze ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Abdel-Rahman ,&nbsp;Alexander I. Ikeuba ,&nbsp;Izuchukwu K. Nwokolo ,&nbsp;Christopher Aghalibe","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The corrosion inhibition by the methanolic extract of <em>Corynocarpus laevigatus</em> leaves on mild steel within acidic environments was evaluated utilizing gravimetric, gasometric, and electrochemical methodologies. The findings indicate that the extracts serve as an effective corrosion inhibitor in both H₂SO₄ and HCl aqueous solutions. The extract exhibited optimum inhibition efficiencies of 88.64 %, 71.12 %, and 77.60 % in H₂SO₄, and 88.89 %, 67.96 %, and 85.55 % in HCl, respectively. The inhibition efficiency increased with higher extract concentrations but decreased with increasing temperature and exposure time in both media. Also, the rate of hydrogen evolution increased with rising temperature in both media. Adsorption studies revealed that the inhibitor's average activation energy (<em>Ea</em>) values were 71.23 kJ/mol and 137.59 kJ/mol for H₂SO₄ and HCl media, respectively. The extract followed the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption of the phytochemical components onto the mild steel surface. Physical adsorption was dominant in H₂SO₄, as evidenced by decreasing activation energy (<em>Ea</em>) values with increasing temperature. In contrast, chemical adsorption was observed in HCl. The strong adsorption of phytochemicals present in the extract onto the steel surface was identified as the primary mechanism for corrosion inhibition. This study provides valuable insights into the dual adsorption mechanisms of <em>Corynocarpus laevigatus</em> in different acidic media which underscores its potential as a sustainable and effective corrosion inhibitor in acidic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational and experimental evaluation of the corrosion inhibition of magnesium in the presence of acids/Esters in saline solutions","authors":"Alexander I. Ikeuba ,&nbsp;Lubem Aondoakaa ,&nbsp;William Azogor ,&nbsp;Chigoziri C. Njoku ,&nbsp;Brian E. Usibe ,&nbsp;Obinna Echem","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Some additive compounds that have been noted to boost the performance of Mg batteries are herein investigated for their corrosion inhibition properties and mechanism of action on the Mg surface. Experimentally, hydrogen evolution tests were carried out in the presence and absence of the additives while molecular level computations were carried out using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamic simulations (MDS) to evaluate the adsorption of the additives. These compounds include; analine, histidine, lysine, proline, and arginine, 1,3 2,4 dibenzylidene-sorbitol (DBS), hydroxyacetic acid, ethanedioate, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTAN) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The additives inhibited the corrosion of Mg at different temperatures and additive concentrations. The compounds showed varying inhibition efficiencies at different concentrations of the additives, however at a concentration of 0.1 mg/L of the additives at 303 K, the trend of the inhibition efficiency is Glyocolate &gt; EDTA &gt; NTAN &gt; DBS &gt; Alanine &gt; Histidine &gt; Lysine &gt; Oxalate &gt; Proline &gt; Arginine. The adsorption of the inhibitors were consistent with the langmuir adsorption isotherm and the values of Gibbs free energy of adsorption calculated indicates that the additives are physisorbed on the metal surface. The activation energy in the presence of the additives was higher than that of the blank solution suggesting an increase in the energy barrier needed to drive the corrosion process in the presence of the inhibitors. The Heat of adsorption values were negative and indicate that the adsorption process is exothermic. DFT calculations on the additives indicate that the molecular composition and bi polar nature of the amino acids have a pronounced effect on their adsorption characteristics in addition to the functional groups present. The molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the organic molecules all interact with the metal surface which was the driving force of the adsorption of the compounds on the metal surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemistry and antimicrobial potential of off-grade white pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oils extracted using microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD)","authors":"Sarifah Nurjanah ,&nbsp;Sekar Widyaningrum ,&nbsp;Bambang Nurhadi ,&nbsp;S. Rosalinda ,&nbsp;Rienoviar ,&nbsp;Nandang Permadi ,&nbsp;Euis Julaeha","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White pepper generally used as spice, has the main component of piperine which gives it a spicy taste and essential oils that determine its aroma. In general trade, only good pepper is traded, while off-grade that does not meet quality requirements will be wasted. This study aims to investigate the effect of extraction methods of essential oils from off-grade white pepper and the potential of its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that off-grade white pepper essential oils (WPEO) could be isolated by using microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) and hydro-distillation (HD). Essential oils produced had physicochemical characteristics in accordance with the ISO 3061:2008 standard. Specifically, MAHD off-grade, MAHD grade-A, and HD WPEO had 13, 11, and 15 components, respectively. The chemical composition showed that all the extracted EO contained the main components of caryophyllene, (+)-3-carene, <span>d</span>-limonene, and β-pinene. The methods showed the extraction ability of monoterpene hydrocarbons by MAHD and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons by HD. In comparison, microwave-extracted essential oils had a higher limonene, while off-grade WPEO contained (+)-3-carene. The FTIR results confirmed the content of the components in the three WPEO that were investigated. All essential oils had antibacterial activity against E. coli and <em>S. typhimurium</em> with zone inhibition values of MAHD off-grade WPEO, MAHD grade-A WPEO, and HD off-grade WPEO against E. coli at 15.44 ± 1.68 mm, 6.72 ± 0.59 mm, and 10.17 ± 0.29 mm, as well as against <em>S. typhimurium</em> at 8.72 ± 1.25 mm, 8.06 ± 0.86 mm, and 8.83 ± 0.87 mm, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of cosmetic bioactive compounds from cocoa bean shell using polyol-based microwave-assisted extraction: Cytotoxicity, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-melanogenesis properties","authors":"Sasakorn Pattanakitjaroenchai ,&nbsp;Puthita Pitsawong ,&nbsp;Nuntawat Khat-Udomkiri","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cocoa bean shells, a major byproduct of the cocoa industry, hold significant potential for value-added applications, particularly in cosmetics. The aim of this study was to develop a sustainable, eco-friendly extraction process for bioactive compounds with skin-whitening properties using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and polyol-based solvents, a novel approach in cocoa bean shell valorization. Polyols, such as propylene glycol (PG), were compared to ethanol (EtOH) for their efficiency in extracting bioactive compounds. The influence of polyol type, polyol concentration, solid-to-liquid ratio, temperature, and extraction time on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was systematically evaluated. This study demonstrated that PG, at optimal conditions (60 % w/v, 1:50 solid-to-liquid ratio, 100 °C, 30-min extraction), significantly enhanced TPC (59.57 ± 1.33 mg GAE/g sample), TFC (242.24 ± 2.95 mg QE/g sample), and tyrosinase inhibition (4.75 ± 0.35 mg KAE/g sample) compared to EtOH. LC-QQQ analysis identified quercetin, catechin, and trigonelline as key contributors to tyrosinase inhibition and melanin content reduction, with PG extracts demonstrating superior functional activity despite similar quercetin levels in both solvents. Comparative cytotoxicity, anti-melanogenic assays, and cellular tyrosinase inhibition further confirmed the enhanced safety and efficacy of PG extracts over conventional ethanol extracts, positioning them as a novel green solvent system for developing effective skin-whitening active ingredients in cosmetic formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}