Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Green silver-based nanomaterials derived from kiwi peel biowaste for sustainable protection of mild steel in acidic media","authors":"Nahid M. Chehade ,&nbsp;Marwa Faraj ,&nbsp;Rami Mhanna ,&nbsp;Mohamed Bouaziz ,&nbsp;Ghassan O. Younes ,&nbsp;Mohammad H. El-Dakdouki","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared as green and sustainable anticorrosion agents using kiwi peels aqueous extract (KPAE) as a natural reductant, providing a feasible route for biowaste valorization. Structural and morphological analysis of the biosynthesized KPAE-AgNPs validated the successful formation of spherical crystalline AgNPs with an average core size of 53 nm and high colloidal stability, with silver being the principal element of the nanocomposite. Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) assessed the anticorrosion properties of the green nanoparticles on mild steel in 0.5 M HCl. The nanoparticles demonstrated a mixed-type inhibition with cathodic predominance, and achieved maximum corrosion inhibition of 60% at 1250 ppm. At the same concentration, the plant extract achieved a modest 40% inhibition efficiency. Thermodynamic analyses revealed that adsorption process was primarily physisorption-driven, and the corrosion inhibition was endothermic. Overall, the superior corrosion inhibition performance of the nanoparticles underscored their promise as effective, low-cost green anticorrosion agents for the protection of mild steel in acidic environment, and their applicability in environmentally benign surface protection strategies, as well as industrial acid cleaning and pickling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrometallurgical valorization of strontium ferrite magnet sludge for the selective production of high-purity hematite (α-Fe2O3) and strontium carbonate (SrCO3)","authors":"Chaiyasit Longbutsri ,&nbsp;Tanongsak Yingnakorn ,&nbsp;Thanapon Chandakhiaw ,&nbsp;Chatisa Kansomket ,&nbsp;Sirunya Somla ,&nbsp;Natthicha Ma-Ud ,&nbsp;Muwafaq A. Rabeea ,&nbsp;Tapany Patcharawit ,&nbsp;Sakhob Khumkoa","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an integrated hydrometallurgical approach for valorizing strontium ferrite sludge generated from the magnet manufacturing industry by selectively recovering iron (Fe) and strontium (Sr) into high-purity products. The process employed sulfuric acid leaching under optimized conditions (4.0 mol L⁻¹ H₂SO₄, 90 °C, solid-to-liquid ratio of 40 g L⁻¹), achieving near-complete Fe dissolution while simultaneously precipitating Sr as strontium sulfate (SrSO₄). The Fe-rich leachate underwent pH-controlled precipitation followed by thermal treatment to yield phase-pure hematite (α-Fe₂O₃). In parallel, the SrSO₄ precipitate was converted to strontium carbonate (SrCO₃) via a double-ion replacement reaction with aqueous Na₂CO₃, which proceeded to completion within 1.5 h and yielded a high-purity product with platelet-like morphology. This integrated process offers a sustainable, economically viable pathway to transform industrial waste into two valuable materials, thereby advancing circular-economy principles and sustainable waste-management strategies in the magnet manufacturing sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond passive barriers: Evolution toward sustainable and responsive coatings for marine corrosion protection","authors":"Sushmita,&nbsp;Nithya Sri G,&nbsp;Deepa Prabhu","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine corrosion is a long-term durability challenge for ships, offshore platforms, pipelines, ports, and coastal infrastructure. Seawater, dissolved oxygen, humidity, wet-dry cycling, salt deposition, and mechanical degradation act synergistically to degrade metallic structures and shorten their service life. Because protective coatings are affordable, scalable, and appropriate for big marine structures, they continue to be the most suitable method for controlling corrosion. However, once water, oxygen, and chloride ions penetrate through pores, cracks, or damaged areas, traditional coatings frequently fail to provide long-term protection.</div><div>This review uses an integrated evolutionary framework connecting passive barriers, nanostructured coatings, active inhibitor systems, green inhibitors, carrier-based smart coatings, and multifunctional responsive architectures. The protection mechanisms, benefits, and failure modes of traditional passive barrier coatings—such as polymeric, metallic, ceramic, and sol-gel systems—under maritime exposure are discussed. The review then shifts to nanostructured barrier-enhanced coatings, wherein materials based on graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal oxide nanoparticles, nano clays, and related fillers. Active inhibitor-loaded coatings are further investigated, with their drawbacks, including rapid inhibitor depletion, poor compatibility, and uncontrolled leaching.</div><div>This review focuses on the transition to responsive and sustainable coating technologies. Carrier-based smart coating systems, including microcapsules, nanotubes, mesoporous particles, metal–organic frameworks, and hybrid multifunctional architectures, are assessed for controlled, localized, and stimulus-responsive protection to overcome these restrictions. The review concludes that the scientific and translational challenges for next-generation marine corrosion-protective coatings are long-term marine durability, controlled inhibitor release, coating–carrier compatibility, scalable fabrication, environmental safety, reproducibility, and standardized validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100531"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148958129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of uniformly vulcanized stereoregular natural rubber through critical concentration determination of nitrogen-containing compounds","authors":"Lam Ba Nguyen ,&nbsp;Yoshimasa Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Nghia Trung Phan ,&nbsp;Thuong Thi Nghiem ,&nbsp;Seiichi Kawahara","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uniformly vulcanized stereoregular natural rubber was prepared by accelerated sulfur vulcanization of deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) with an optimal amount of octadecylamine (ODA) to open DPNR research field as a green, sustainable chemistry. The DPNR prepared from natural rubber latex of the Para rubber tree (<em>Hevea brasiliensis</em>), was vulcanized using standard recipe containing stearic acid, ZnO, vulcanization accelerator, and sulfur, together with various amounts of ODA (0.2–6.0 phr). The cure characteristics measured with a rheometer depended on the amount of ODA. The resulting vulcanized DPNR was characterized by swelling measurements and rubber-state NMR spectroscopy. The crosslink density estimated from the swelling ratio was highest at 2.6 phr ODA, corresponding to a concentration of approximately 0.10 mol/kg-rubber, although the intensity ratios of signals assigned to C–S linkages as crosslinking junctions were the lowest. The tensile strength of the vulcanized DPNR was also markedly improved at 2.6 phr ODA. From the results, 0.10 mol/kg-rubber (2.6 phr) was a critical ODA concentration for preparing the uniformly vulcanized stereoregular natural rubber with the highest crosslink density and the smallest amount of C–S linkage. The resulting uniformly vulcanized stereoregular natural rubber exhibited superior mechanical properties with effective strain-induced crystallization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering high flux 2D titanium MXene incorporated membranes for broad spectrum pollutant rejection","authors":"P. Satishkumar ,&nbsp;Arun M. Isloor ,&nbsp;Somasekhara Rao Todeti ,&nbsp;Ramin Farnood","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the successful synthesis of two-dimensional titanium MXene Ti₃C₂T_x and its incorporation into polyphenylsulfone membranes for enhanced water purification. The titanium MXene-embedded polyphenylsulfone exhibited a significant increase in water permeation, achieving a flux of 244 L m⁻² h⁻¹ compared to 93 L m⁻² h⁻¹ in polyphenylsulfone membrane without the MXene additive. The modified membrane also demonstrated improved hydrophilicity, as evidenced by a decrease in water contact angle from 82.8° to 69°, facilitating greater water affinity and transport. In dye filtration tests, the optimal membrane achieved high removal efficiencies of 95.83 % for reactive black 5 dye and 81.7 % for reactive orange 16 dye, along with a remarkable 98.2 % removal of humic acid. Fabricated membrane is successful in rejecting 78.4 % of antibiotic named tetracycline. These results highlight the potential of titanium MXene as an additive to enhance the performance of polyphenylsulfone membranes, providing an effective solution for high-flux, selective water purification applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the potential of Acerola: Current state of properties, availability, and green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles","authors":"Luis Diego Mora-Araya ,&nbsp;Juan Miguel Zúñiga-Umaña ,&nbsp;José Roberto Vega-Baudrit","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Malpighia emarginata</em> (acerola) is a tropical fruit widely recognized for its exceptionally high content of ascorbic acid, carotenoids, polyphenols, and other bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. This review summarizes recent advances on the phytochemical characterization of different parts of acerola—including fruit, leaves, and agro-industrial by-products—and discusses their biological relevance. Emphasis is placed on the emerging field of green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant-derived extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. While numerous plant species have been extensively explored for nanoparticle biosynthesis, acerola remains remarkably underreported despite its rich redox-active composition. Current evidence suggests that acerola-derived extracts could enable the eco-friendly production of stable metallic nanoparticles with potential biomedical, antimicrobial, and catalytic applications. This review highlights existing gaps, summarizes reported acerola-mediated nanoparticle systems, and proposes future research directions to fully exploit the synergistic potential of acerola phytochemicals in sustainable nanotechnology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148336521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Justicia schimperiana leaf Extract: Characterization and antibacterial activities investigation","authors":"Tadesse Bizuayehu,&nbsp;Getachew Kibret,&nbsp;Ketemaw Salelign,&nbsp;Berie Kumie","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To date, inhibitions of drug resistant microorganisms are a key feature of metal nanomaterial. In this study, ZnO NPs were synthesized using <em>Juticia Schimperiana</em> leaf extract, and zinc acetate (Zn(CH₃COO)₂) solution. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs were characterized via PXRD, UV-Vis, FT-IR, TGA/DTA and SEM spectroscopic methods. UV-Vis spectra showed absorption peak in visible region at 440 nm for ZnO NPs, this confirms the formations of ZnO NPs. In the FT-IR analysis, band observed at 487 cm⁻¹ corresponding to Zn-O stretching. SEM images showed a flake-like structure, and agglomerated morphology and TGA/DTA analysis indicated the total weight loss of 6.24% for the biosynthesized ZnO NPs, this indicates the high thermal stability the synthesized nanoparticles. The average crystal size in PXRD of the synthesized ZnO NPs was found to be 31 nm. Moreover, BET results shows higher pore volume (0.194 cc/g), pore size(8.812 Å), and specific surface area(680 m²/g) of ZnONPs. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the synthesized ZnO NPs showed a good activities for against <em>S. pyogenes (</em>19.00 ± 0.2 mm)<em>, S. aureus (</em>20.00 ± 0.3 mm<em>)</em>, <em>E. coli (</em>18.00 ± 0.5 mm<em>)</em>, and <em>K. pneumonia (</em>18.00 ± 0.5 mm<em>)</em> at 75 μg/mL using disc diffusion method. The finding of the synthesized ZnO NPs has a potential activity and it has an effective potential for the developments of a new antibacterial drug agent, and further in vivo studies are needed for validation of this drug.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148958130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative liquefaction investigation of pine woodchips using water and tetralin as deoxygenation and hydrogenolysis agents","authors":"Varinrumpai Seithtanabutara,&nbsp;Apichart Artnaseaw","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the liquefaction of pine woodchips using water and tetralin as solvents to evaluate their effects on product yield and composition. Experiments were conducted at 350 °C and 400 °C with varying solvent/biomass ratios (1–3 mL/g), followed by analysis of the resulting solid, liquid, and gas products. Results show that both conversion and liquid yield increase with temperature and solvent volume. Water achieved slightly higher conversion, while tetralin significantly enhanced liquid yield, reaching 64.72 %, about 3.5 times higher than water. Solid residues from both processes were carbon-rich with lower H/C and O/C ratios than the feedstock, with slight differences between water and tetralin derived residues. Gas analysis revealed that water promoted higher CO₂ production (up to 39.7 %), whereas tetralin favored the formation of C1–C4 hydrocarbons (up to 9.6 %). Methane was the dominant gaseous product, with moderate variation in gas yields based on solvent type, volume, and temperature. Tetralin liquefaction at 400 °C with 3 mL/g solvent produced the highest maltenes and hydrocarbon-rich fractions, more than water. Tetralin facilitated the generation of both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons while minimizing the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In contrast, water yielded fewer hydrocarbons and PAHs. Increasing tetralin volume also promoted heavier aromatic compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upcycling seaweed wastes into high-performance PBS nanocomposites for sustainable packaging applications","authors":"Weraporn Pivsa-Art ,&nbsp;Nichanan Phansroy ,&nbsp;Sumonman Niamlang ,&nbsp;Sommai Pivsa-Art","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the synthesis of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) from Caulerpa lentillifera, also known as green caviar or sea grapes, and used as a reinforcing agent in poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) composite films. Inadequate quality sea grapes, generally discarded in aquaculture, were chemical treated using alkaline and bleaching processes, followed by mechanical defibrillation. The synthesized CNFs with fiber diameters between 3.50 and 4.97 nm were produced. Characterizations of structural, thermal, and morphological properties confirmed the successful removal of lignin and hemicellulose, creating the production of high-purity CNFs. The as-synthesized CNFs were added into PBS as reinforcement at different concentrations (0.1-0.5 wt%) and their effects on the properties of the composite were evaluated. FTIR analysis indicated significant interfacial interactions between PBS and nanocellulose, while the presence of hydroxyl groups in CNFs led to a slight decrease in thermal stability. The DSC analysis showed minimal alterations in crystallization behavior. Increasing nanocellulose content reduced optical transparency due to light scattering. The effect arose from nanoscale fiber dispersion within the PBS matrix. The films remained semi-transparent and suitable for packaging requiring controlled light transmission. The research results verified that upcycling of seaweed waste into CNFs reinforced PBS high-performance biocomposites provided an environmentally sustainable material for packaging applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147858091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green-assisted extraction strategies for antioxidant metabolites from Indonesian mangrove Sonneratia alba stem bark supported by LC–HRMS and chemometric analysis","authors":"Mahmiah Mahmiah ,&nbsp;Mardi Santoso ,&nbsp;Arif Fadlan","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Sonneratia alba</em> is an understudied mangrove species with considerable potential as a sustainable source of antioxidant bioactive metabolites. This work aimed to compare traditional extraction methods (maceration (ME); and Soxhlet extraction (SE)) with green technologies such as ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to evaluate the effect of these methods on the yields, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of stem bark extracts from <em>S. alba</em>. Antioxidant potential was determined using DPPH and ABTS assays and the chemical diversity of extract was described by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) profile, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR), and multivariate chemometric analyses. There were significant differences between extraction methods (p &lt; 0.05). Among all, MAE had the maximum extraction yield (25.95% w/w), however in case of phenolic-rich extracts UAE showed the greatest TPC (338.54 mg GAE/g) and significant flavonoid content was found in UAE extract (11.63 mg QE/g). UAE also showed the highest antioxidant activities with the lowest IC₅₀ values in both DPPH and ABTS assays. Chemometric studies successfully discriminated the extracts according to chemical profiles and highlighted high correlations between antioxidant activity, TPC, TFC and extraction yield. According to the LC–HRMS data, the primary antioxidant metabolites are alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Overall, UAE at 40 °C for 30 min is recognized as an effective and environmentally friendly method for recovering antioxidant metabolites from <em>S. alba</em>, emphasizing the importance of mangrove bioresources for potential pharmaceutical and nutraceutical uses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147858092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}