Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Phase separation behaviour during direct solvent extraction of Corynebacterium glutamicum fermentation broth – Systematic study of crud suppression","authors":"Jörg Eberz ,&nbsp;Lara Strehl ,&nbsp;Marcel Mann ,&nbsp;Andreas Jupke ,&nbsp;Jørgen Barsett Magnus","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The economic competitiveness of bio-based production processes is often hindered by the high costs associated with downstream processing, compared to fossil-based methods. Liquid-liquid extraction is a widely used technique for aqueous fermentation systems and offers significant cost-saving potential, especially if extraction could be performed directly from the fermentation broth without prior cell separation. However, this is often hindered by the formation of \"crud\" — a deposit or emulsion at the interface between two partially settled phases. This study investigates the liquid-liquid phase separation of <em>Corynebacterium glutamicum</em> DM 1933 fermentation broths using five different solvents. We systematically examined the impact of cell surface properties, modified through nutrient concentration, on crud formation. In addition, the variation in salt concentration and pH after fermentation was analysed. Our findings show that the present nutrient concentration influences the cell surface properties and, consequently, crud formation. A more hydrophilic cell surface was present at a lower phosphate concentration, whereas a more hydrophobic cell surface was measured for a lower nitrogen and iron concentration. With a more hydrophobic cell surface, the fermentation broth showed a large crud phase, while a decrease in crud formation could be seen for fermentation broths with a more hydrophilic cell surface. Furthermore, the crud formation is influenced by the pH, cell and salt concentration and strongly by the used solvent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tofu Wastewater Recovery for β-glucan Production by Pichia norvegensis and Candida tropicalis","authors":"Deidita Nafisa Wahyudi ,&nbsp;Gemilang Lara Utama ,&nbsp;Andri Frediansyah","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to determine the applicability of tofu wastewater as a medium for yeast growth and to determine the optimal growth time of yeast to produce β-glucans, as well as the yield and characteristics of β-glucans extract. <em>Pichia norvegensis</em> and <em>Candida tropicalis</em> cell walls were extracted for β-glucan. FTIR, solid-state NMR, and SEM were utilized to investigate purity, structural differences, and antioxidant activity. <em>Candida tropicalis</em> (BCT) yielded 3.20 % crude β-glucan, while <em>Pichia norvegiensis</em> NYI (BPN) yielded 2.10 %. FTIR showed β-glucan impurities in mannoprotein-chitosan combinations. BPN and BCT have β-glucan bands at 1075, 1041, and 894 cm⁻¹. The impurity of both samples was confirmed by NMR spectra, which showed that the broad signal of BPN and BCT chemical shift at 4.803–4.587 ppm and at 4.764–4.541 ppm, respectively, corresponded to l β-1,3-glucosidic and β-1,6-glucosidic linkage, with some unusual anomeric resonance at 5.094–5.024 ppm by SEM, BPN and BCT were porous, sheet-like, and fibrous. BPN had 20.07 % DPPH radical scavenging activity, while BCT had 36.01 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2-Aminopyridine as a recyclable catalyst for metal-free synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds","authors":"Farzaneh Mohamadpour","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-<em>d</em>]pyrimidine structures through a one-pot process without the use of metals. The method employs Knoevenagel-Michael cyclocondensation and utilizes a low-cost, reusable catalyst, 2-aminopyridine. The synthesis of pyrano[2,3-<em>d</em>]pyrimidine structures is achieved by refluxing in ethanol (EtOH). The process allows for the easy production of compounds in large quantities and requires minimal reaction time. This cost-effective method features safe reaction conditions, avoids the need for column chromatography, facilitates easy mixing, and promotes efficient material use. Furthermore, 2-aminopyridine demonstrated excellent stability, being reusable up to four times without significant degradation. This approach is particularly beneficial for addressing environmental issues and fulfilling industrial demands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced antibacterial activity of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract mediated hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite-iron oxide nanocomposites","authors":"M. Rokonozzaman ,&nbsp;Kishan Nandi Shoudho ,&nbsp;N. Banik ,&nbsp;Mehedi Hasan Pritom ,&nbsp;M. Ariful Haque ,&nbsp;M.K. Alam ,&nbsp;N. Begum ,&nbsp;Shoeb Ahmed ,&nbsp;I.A. Khan ,&nbsp;A.S.M. Al Amin ,&nbsp;M.N.I. Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydroxyapatite (HA) is frequently used in a variety of biomedical applications especially in orthopedics and dental because of its outstanding bioactivity and biocompatibility. On the other hand, HA lacks inherent antibacterial properties, shows poor mechanical strength, and infection issues are still one of the main causes of implant failure. Consequently, antibacterial HA may be a potential material for HA applications. For any potential uses of modified hydroxyapatite, such as in medicine or environmental protection, magnetite (Fe₃O₄) may be a crucial element because it has good mechanical properties and is preferred in biomedical systems. Moreover, Fe₃O₄ is biocompatible and basically nontoxic to humans. Therefore, the present study aims to find a novel approach that may improve the antibacterial activity of HA and HA-Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites and provide low toxicity to humans. The synthesized HA and HA -Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and Zeta potential analyzer. Moreover, antibacterial activity tests confirmed that the utilization of <em>Ocimum sanctum</em> leaf extract as a reaction medium in HA and HA-Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites synthesis improved antibacterial activity against <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em><strong>.</strong> This research demonstrates the green synthesis of HA and HA-Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites using <em>Ocimum sanctum</em> leaf extract by hydrothermal method, opening the door for potential applications in biomedical fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Corynocarpus laevigatus extract as a green corrosion retardant for mild steel in acidic media: A combined gravimetric, gasometric and electrochemical methods","authors":"Anthony I. Obike ,&nbsp;K.S. Eze ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Abdel-Rahman ,&nbsp;Alexander I. Ikeuba ,&nbsp;Izuchukwu K. Nwokolo ,&nbsp;Christopher Aghalibe","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The corrosion inhibition by the methanolic extract of <em>Corynocarpus laevigatus</em> leaves on mild steel within acidic environments was evaluated utilizing gravimetric, gasometric, and electrochemical methodologies. The findings indicate that the extracts serve as an effective corrosion inhibitor in both H₂SO₄ and HCl aqueous solutions. The extract exhibited optimum inhibition efficiencies of 88.64 %, 71.12 %, and 77.60 % in H₂SO₄, and 88.89 %, 67.96 %, and 85.55 % in HCl, respectively. The inhibition efficiency increased with higher extract concentrations but decreased with increasing temperature and exposure time in both media. Also, the rate of hydrogen evolution increased with rising temperature in both media. Adsorption studies revealed that the inhibitor's average activation energy (<em>Ea</em>) values were 71.23 kJ/mol and 137.59 kJ/mol for H₂SO₄ and HCl media, respectively. The extract followed the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption of the phytochemical components onto the mild steel surface. Physical adsorption was dominant in H₂SO₄, as evidenced by decreasing activation energy (<em>Ea</em>) values with increasing temperature. In contrast, chemical adsorption was observed in HCl. The strong adsorption of phytochemicals present in the extract onto the steel surface was identified as the primary mechanism for corrosion inhibition. This study provides valuable insights into the dual adsorption mechanisms of <em>Corynocarpus laevigatus</em> in different acidic media which underscores its potential as a sustainable and effective corrosion inhibitor in acidic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemistry and antimicrobial potential of off-grade white pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oils extracted using microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD)","authors":"Sarifah Nurjanah ,&nbsp;Sekar Widyaningrum ,&nbsp;Bambang Nurhadi ,&nbsp;S. Rosalinda ,&nbsp;Rienoviar ,&nbsp;Nandang Permadi ,&nbsp;Euis Julaeha","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White pepper generally used as spice, has the main component of piperine which gives it a spicy taste and essential oils that determine its aroma. In general trade, only good pepper is traded, while off-grade that does not meet quality requirements will be wasted. This study aims to investigate the effect of extraction methods of essential oils from off-grade white pepper and the potential of its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that off-grade white pepper essential oils (WPEO) could be isolated by using microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) and hydro-distillation (HD). Essential oils produced had physicochemical characteristics in accordance with the ISO 3061:2008 standard. Specifically, MAHD off-grade, MAHD grade-A, and HD WPEO had 13, 11, and 15 components, respectively. The chemical composition showed that all the extracted EO contained the main components of caryophyllene, (+)-3-carene, <span>d</span>-limonene, and β-pinene. The methods showed the extraction ability of monoterpene hydrocarbons by MAHD and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons by HD. In comparison, microwave-extracted essential oils had a higher limonene, while off-grade WPEO contained (+)-3-carene. The FTIR results confirmed the content of the components in the three WPEO that were investigated. All essential oils had antibacterial activity against E. coli and <em>S. typhimurium</em> with zone inhibition values of MAHD off-grade WPEO, MAHD grade-A WPEO, and HD off-grade WPEO against E. coli at 15.44 ± 1.68 mm, 6.72 ± 0.59 mm, and 10.17 ± 0.29 mm, as well as against <em>S. typhimurium</em> at 8.72 ± 1.25 mm, 8.06 ± 0.86 mm, and 8.83 ± 0.87 mm, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of activated carbon derived from tea twigs for carbon dioxide adsorption","authors":"Ary Mauliva Hada Putri ,&nbsp;Benni F. Ramadhoni ,&nbsp;Muhammad Said Hamdani Radias ,&nbsp;Fatimah Azizah Riyadi ,&nbsp;Md Zahangir Alam ,&nbsp;Yuswan Muharam","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Activated carbon from agro-industrial waste, namely tea twigs derived from the processing of <em>Camellia Sinensis</em> branches, using a potassium hydroxide activator for CO₂ adsorption has been conducted in this study. Various carbonization temperatures (400⁰C and 500⁰C) and heating times of 1 h and 3 h were used in this study. The concentration of potassium hydroxide (40 % and 60 %) and the ratios of activator solutions to carbon precursor made from pyrolysis of tea twigs (2:1 and 4:1) were varied for the chemical activation process. The effectiveness results of the obtained activated carbon were characterized through using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyzer and Temperature Programme Desorption-CO₂ to determine the surface area and capacity maximum of CO₂ adsorption. The optimum condition for the synthesis of activated carbon that produces high surface area was obtained at sample CCS 400/1 A₂B₁ where biochar carbonized at temperature of 400 °C kept for 1 h with a ratio of activator solution and precursor 4:1 using KOH concentration of 40 %. The highest surface area was obtained 1403 m² g⁻¹ with pore volume 0.9 m² g⁻¹ and pore size 1.11 nm and proved the presence of microporous areas in produced activated carbon. The maximum CO₂ adsorption capacity obtained in this study was 5.1573 mmol g⁻¹. This result could be related to the higher amount of microporous present in the activated carbon that facilitates the access of CO₂ to the active sites at the pores of activated carbon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring zeolites for enhanced post-combustion CO2 capture: A critical review","authors":"Ali H. Whaieb ,&nbsp;Farah T. Jasim ,&nbsp;Amer A. Abdulrahman ,&nbsp;Idres M. Khuder ,&nbsp;Saba A. Gheni ,&nbsp;Islam Md Rizwanul Fattah ,&nbsp;Nalan Turkoz Karakullukcu","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fossil combustion mainly contributes to global warming and increases atmospheric CO₂ levels, an essential greenhouse gas and environmental risk. The atmospheric CO₂ level increased, emphasizing the necessity to restrict the emission while maintaining it out of the carbon cycle. Various porous adsorbents were created as CO₂ capture sorbents, but they have been just moderately successful and require upgrading with more efficient porous adsorbents to address global climate issues caused by CO₂. Due to their tunable pore sizes, high chemical stability, superior adsorption selectivity, and large surface area, zeolite-based adsorbents are considered promising materials for CO₂ capture. Their framework structures allow for molecular sieving, ion exchange, and surface modifications, further enhancing their adsorption efficiency and regeneration capability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancement of Pt and Pd-based catalysis for green, sustainable energy and bio-medical applications","authors":"Nithyadharseni Palaniyandy ,&nbsp;Sekhosana Kutloano ,&nbsp;Lakshmi Devaraj ,&nbsp;Xolile Fuku ,&nbsp;Sathish Sundar Dhilip Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) -based catalysts have sparked intense research interest for many important reactions in green energy and sustainable technologies such as key industrial petrochemical processes, fine chemical synthesis, environmental protection, renewable energy conversion and microbial, as their specific activity, stability and selectivity are greatly higher. However, the availability of low-cost electrodes/catalysts with high activity and stable electrochemical performance is crucial for the development of long-term and cost-effective green energy, environmental and sustainable technologies. In response to the growing demand for these products, the development of strategies to produce various materials is being intensified. This review summarizes the recent research efforts to develop advanced noble metal-based electrocatalysts with excellent performance for water splitting catalysis, CO₂ reduction, electrochemical sensors and antimicrobial applications. Pt and Pd co-catalysts in photocatalytic water splitting are examined for their contributions to clean hydrogen production, with a focus on bandgap adjustment, reduced recombination time, and enhanced charge carrier separation. The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide is also explored, highlighting the selectivity and efficiency of Pt and Pd systems, addressing both carbon capture and the generation of valuable chemicals. Similarly, their role as co-catalysts in photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction is discussed for improved efficiency and selectivity. The review also addresses Pt- and Pd-based electrochemical sensors, emphasizing their catalytic roles in medical diagnostics and gas sensing. Further, the antimicrobial properties of Pt and Pd nanoparticles are explored, showcasing their potent inhibition of bacterial growth, disruption of biofilm formation, and effectiveness against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Additionally, the unique attributes of metal nanoclusters for biomedical sensing and imaging applications are discussed. Finally, a personal outlook is given to highlight the challenges and opportunities for the development of novel electrocatalysts suitable for a wide range of commercial applications in fostering advancements in sustainable technologies and materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable extraction of bioproducts from cactus pear waste: Economic viability and market opportunities in a green economy","authors":"Giuseppe Timpanaro,&nbsp;Vera Teresa Foti","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the economic viability of extracting bioproducts from discarded cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) waste in Sicily, where the cactus pear industry is well-established. The focus is on employing green extraction technologies, such as microwave-assisted methods, to produce valuable compounds like seed oil, pectin, and bioactive substances for use in the cosmetic, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. The results demonstrate that increasing the scale of production from 200 to 400 tons significantly enhances the financial performance of the operation, reducing the payback period from 6.5 to 4 years and yielding positive Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) values, reaching up to 35.7 %. However, challenges such as the seasonality of raw material availability and the high energy requirements of green technologies are noted. These findings suggest that while the project is economically feasible, managing supply chain variability and optimising energy consumption are critical for long-term sustainability. Additionally, the increasing consumer demand for sustainable and functional products provides a strong market opportunity for these bioproducts, though competition from international players leveraging economies of scale could pose a threat. This study highlights the importance of integrating green technologies in bioeconomy projects and offers insights for policymakers and industry leaders. Policymakers can support these initiatives through incentives and regulations, while businesses in the cosmetic and nutraceutical sectors may find competitive advantages in the quality and sustainability of these bioproducts. Further research should explore alternative biomass sources and innovations in extraction efficiency to ensure continuous production and cost reductions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}