Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Phase separation behaviour during direct solvent extraction of Corynebacterium glutamicum fermentation broth – Systematic study of crud suppression","authors":"Jörg Eberz ,&nbsp;Lara Strehl ,&nbsp;Marcel Mann ,&nbsp;Andreas Jupke ,&nbsp;Jørgen Barsett Magnus","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The economic competitiveness of bio-based production processes is often hindered by the high costs associated with downstream processing, compared to fossil-based methods. Liquid-liquid extraction is a widely used technique for aqueous fermentation systems and offers significant cost-saving potential, especially if extraction could be performed directly from the fermentation broth without prior cell separation. However, this is often hindered by the formation of \"crud\" — a deposit or emulsion at the interface between two partially settled phases. This study investigates the liquid-liquid phase separation of <em>Corynebacterium glutamicum</em> DM 1933 fermentation broths using five different solvents. We systematically examined the impact of cell surface properties, modified through nutrient concentration, on crud formation. In addition, the variation in salt concentration and pH after fermentation was analysed. Our findings show that the present nutrient concentration influences the cell surface properties and, consequently, crud formation. A more hydrophilic cell surface was present at a lower phosphate concentration, whereas a more hydrophobic cell surface was measured for a lower nitrogen and iron concentration. With a more hydrophobic cell surface, the fermentation broth showed a large crud phase, while a decrease in crud formation could be seen for fermentation broths with a more hydrophilic cell surface. Furthermore, the crud formation is influenced by the pH, cell and salt concentration and strongly by the used solvent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile preparation of zeolite Na–P supported by nanozinc oxide for antibacterials","authors":"Sakesit Duangkham ,&nbsp;Rattana Pengproh ,&nbsp;Pattaranun Thuadaij","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents facile and short-time synthesis of zeolite Na–P supported by nanozinc oxide (nano-ZnO), demonstrating significant progress in developing antibacterial agents. Zeolites Na–P synthesized from Narathiwat kaolinite and silica derived from sugarcane bagasse ash were prepared by refluxing at 100 °C for 8 h. The zeolites Na–P were then functionalized with nano-ZnO in concentrations of 1 % w/w, 3 % w/w, and 5 % w/w in an ultrasound bath at 70 °C for 15 min and stirred with 1400 rpm at 70 °C for 3 h to form nanocomposites. The composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, which confirmed the successful integration of nano-ZnO without affecting the crystal structure of the zeolites. The antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized nanocomposites against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>, was evaluated using the disc diffusion method. The zeolites loaded with 3 % w/w nano-ZnO exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, outperforming the other formulations. The potential of zeolites Na–P is supported by nano-ZnO as a highly effective antibacterial agent, which has important implications for applications in healthcare and environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring biogenic/ green solvents on the sustainable development of metal organic frameworks for waste water treatment","authors":"Rajeev Agrawal ,&nbsp;Urmila Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Saurabh Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in the field of wastewater treatment has gained significant scientific focus in the recent years. However, the use of hazardous solvents during the synthesis of MOFs restrains their large scale synthesis and industrial level applications. Thus green and safer solvents are required, which can efficiently replace the toxic solvents conventionally used during the synthesis of MOFs. The application of cleaner green solvents can cause drastic alleviation in the toxic wastes produced from the industrial scale synthesis of MOFs. Many green solvents (bio-derived and non-bio-derived) have found their applications in different areas of scientific research. Green solvents, such as water, super critical CO₂, ionic liquids, deep-eutectic solvents, certain alcohols, gamma-valerolactone and cyrene have been efficiently explored for the synthesis of different types of MOFs suitable for waste water treatment. This review highlights the application of these solvents for the engineering of MOFs for water treatment. The research works from the last eight years (2018–2025) involving the use of suitable biogenic/green solvents for the synthesis of MOFs specifically applicable for water/wastewater treatment applications have been reviewed intricately for the first time. The challenges associated with the application of these solvents have been presented in detail. The recent strategies adopted by the researchers to overcome the existing challenges and obtain high quality MOFs in these solvents have been discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A green templated and nitrogen-incorporated SAPO-34 catalyst for enhanced MTO performance","authors":"Mohammad Javad Emami,&nbsp;Jafar Towfighi Darian,&nbsp;Masoud Safari Yazd","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a nitrogen-modified SAPO-34 catalyst (SPG), synthesized via a green templated method using coffee powder, to improve the efficiency and stability of the methanol-to-olefins (MTO) process. Compared to conventional SAPO-34 (SP), SPG demonstrates enhanced selectivity, stability, and longevity. Characterization shows a smaller crystallite size (38 nm vs. 46 nm), increased nitrogen incorporation, and well-distributed active sites, improving catalytic activity. Optimized acidity in SPG enhances methanol conversion while reducing coke formation. MD simulations reveal that nitrogen modification improves methanol retention and adsorption energy, promoting ethylene production. Performance tests show SPG achieving 92.6 % light olefin selectivity for 360 min, outperforming SP. Additionally, SPG exhibits superior hydrothermal stability and reduced coke deposition, making it a promising eco-friendly and cost-effective catalyst for industrial MTO applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystalline defenders: Silver nanoparticles as a new front in antimicrobial warfare","authors":"Sabreena Jan ,&nbsp;Nayeema Jan ,&nbsp;Seema Singh ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ashraf Shah ,&nbsp;Mansoor Ahmad Malik","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The field of nanotechnology is capturing the attention of more and more researchers in their scholarly investigations. The presence of biologically active compounds in medicinal plants makes them an excellent choice for the synthesis of nanoparticles. This paper details the formation of crystalline silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a simple and environmentally friendly green synthesis technique. The nanoparticles were synthesized using plant extract of <em>Taxus wallichiana</em> as the reducing agent. Various analytical methods, including X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), were employed to investigate the size and structure of the synthesized particles. The as-synthesized AgNPs exhibited a prominent absorption peak at 425 nm. The FTIR spectrum of the AgNPs featured multiple spectral bands across the 300–4000 cm⁻¹ region. XRD analysis confirmed the successful formation of silver nanoparticles, with the synthesized sample exhibiting distinct diffraction peaks at 2θ values of 37.09°, 43.29°, 65.32°, and 76.40°. The biosynthesized AgNPs formed spherical aggregates at the nanoscale, with particle diameters ranging from approximately 60 to 80 nm as revealed by FESEM. They were found to be effective against a variety of fungal pathogens, such as <em>Aspergillus niger</em>, <em>A. fumigatus</em>, <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, and <em>Penicillium expansum</em>, as well as bacterial strains including <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Proteus vulgaris</em>, and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>. The nanoparticles demonstrated inhibition zones of varying diameters at different concentrations, with Nystatin and Kanamycin serving as positive controls for the fungal and bacterial species, respectively. The largest inhibition zone (18.42 ± 0.43 mm) was observed at the highest dose (0.4 mg/ml) for <em>Penicillium expansum</em>, while the smallest (10.18 ± 0.13 mm) was noted at the lowest dose (0.2 mg/ml) for <em>Aspergillus niger</em>. For bacteria, the highest dose (2.5 mg/ml) produced the largest inhibition zone (12.78 ± 0.17 mm) in <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, while the lowest dose (l.9 mg/ml) led to the smallest inhibition zone (8.85 ± 0.25 mm) in <em>Proteus vulgaris</em>. The study revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles showed greater inhibition against fungal species than against bacterial species. This study provides evidence that green-synthesized AgNPs from the leaf extract of <em>Taxus wallichiana</em> can be effective against a wide range of pathogen species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) modelling for the removal of diclofenac potassium from synthesized pharmaceutical wastewater using a palm sheath fiber nano-filtration membrane and optimization","authors":"Modestus O. Anusi ,&nbsp;Mathew C. Menkiti ,&nbsp;Alexander I. Ikeuba ,&nbsp;Chigoziri N. Njoku ,&nbsp;Chukwuma E. Iloegbunam ,&nbsp;Chinaza J. Nnamani ,&nbsp;Anselem C. Orga","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Palm sheath fiber obtained from the petiole of palm tree leaf was defatted and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), revealing a crystalline composition of 75 % calcite, 10.5 % quartz, 4 % periclase, and 10.2 % lime. Further analysis of pore area, volume, and diameter confirmed the membrane as an adsorptive nanofiltration material. A stock solution of Diclofenac potassium was prepared and was filtered varying four process factors: temperature (30–50 °C), pH (6–10), flow-rate (1–5 ml/min), and initial concentration (40–120 mg/L). The removal efficiency of Diclofenac Potassium was analyzed and compared using two optimization models; Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), focusing on the influence of these factors. The performance and sensitivity of these models were assessed using statistical metrics such as correlation coefficients (R²), Absolute Average Relative Deviation (AARD), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). Both models demonstrated strong correlation with the experimental data, with the ANN model providing the best predictive accuracy. Optimization of the process via genetic algorithms yielded the optimal membrane removal efficiency of 84.78 %, achieved at initial concentration (102 mg/L), pH (8.8), temperature (40.6 °C), and flow rate (3.6 ml/min). The validation of these optimized parameters was carried out through triplicate experiments, resulting in an average confirmatory removal efficiency of 84.67 %, which validated the ANN prediction. Additionally, adsorption isotherm analysis revealed that the Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model was the best fit for the experimental data, with an R² value of 0.9839. The adsorption kinetics suggested that the process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics as the rate-limiting mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytosynthesized bimetallic gold-copper nanoparticles using Anacardium occidentale leaf extract and its potential antidiabetic activity","authors":"Ojeyemi Matthew Olabemiwo ,&nbsp;Galadima John ,&nbsp;Abel Kolawole Oyebamiji ,&nbsp;Sunday Adewale Akintelu","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study describes the anti-diabetic property of gold-copper nanoparticles (Au-CuNPs) synthesized using <em>Anacardium occidentale</em> leaf extract. The synthesized Au-NPs was characterized with UV–UV-Visible spectroscopic technique, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The formation of the Au-NPs was confirmed by the two distinct peaks on the UV–UV-Visible spectrum at 278 and 532 nm, which correspond to the absorbance of Cu and AuNPs, respectively. The FTIR analysis revealed the involvement of biomolecules with –OH, –NH, –C<img>O, and aromatic –C<img>C- among other functional groups in the <em>Anacardium occidentale</em> leaf extract as the reducing and capping agents. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the synthesized Au-CuNPs as spherical and crystalline, with particle size in the range of 2–37 nm. The biosynthesized Au-CuNPs displayed effective inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. At 100 μg/mL, the percentage inhibition of <em>Anacardium occidentale</em> leaf extract, biosynthesized Au-CuNPs, and acarbose was 21, 66, and 80 % against <em>α</em>-amylase and 37, 75, and 83 % against <em>α</em>-glucosidase. The IC₅₀ values of <em>Anacardium occidentale</em> leaf extract, biosynthesized Au-CuNPs, and Acarbose were 149, 50, and 35, against the α-glucosidase and 128.74, 46.16, and 28.40 against α-amylase, respectively. The order of inhibition against α-glucosidase and α-amylase was acarbose &gt; biosynthesized Au-CuNPs &gt; <em>Anacardium occidentale</em> leaf extract. The results show that the biosynthesized Au-CuNPs exhibited a significant level of inhibition against <em>α</em>-glucosidase and α-amylase. This result revealed that Au-CuNPs biosynthesized from <em>Anacardium occidentale</em> leaf extract could be a potential candidate to combat diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tofu Wastewater Recovery for β-glucan Production by Pichia norvegensis and Candida tropicalis","authors":"Deidita Nafisa Wahyudi ,&nbsp;Gemilang Lara Utama ,&nbsp;Andri Frediansyah","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to determine the applicability of tofu wastewater as a medium for yeast growth and to determine the optimal growth time of yeast to produce β-glucans, as well as the yield and characteristics of β-glucans extract. <em>Pichia norvegensis</em> and <em>Candida tropicalis</em> cell walls were extracted for β-glucan. FTIR, solid-state NMR, and SEM were utilized to investigate purity, structural differences, and antioxidant activity. <em>Candida tropicalis</em> (BCT) yielded 3.20 % crude β-glucan, while <em>Pichia norvegiensis</em> NYI (BPN) yielded 2.10 %. FTIR showed β-glucan impurities in mannoprotein-chitosan combinations. BPN and BCT have β-glucan bands at 1075, 1041, and 894 cm⁻¹. The impurity of both samples was confirmed by NMR spectra, which showed that the broad signal of BPN and BCT chemical shift at 4.803–4.587 ppm and at 4.764–4.541 ppm, respectively, corresponded to l β-1,3-glucosidic and β-1,6-glucosidic linkage, with some unusual anomeric resonance at 5.094–5.024 ppm by SEM, BPN and BCT were porous, sheet-like, and fibrous. BPN had 20.07 % DPPH radical scavenging activity, while BCT had 36.01 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to “On interfacial and surface behavior of polymeric MXenes nanoarchitectures and applications” [Curr. Res. Green Sustain. Chem. 4 (2021) 100104]","authors":"Christopher Igwe Idumah,&nbsp;Chizoba May Obele,&nbsp;Uzoma Ebenezer Enwerem","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100478","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of recycled pulp from used beverage cartons and bio-based PLA for disposable oil-absorbing pads","authors":"Nanjaporn Roungpaisan ,&nbsp;Nareerut Jariyapunya ,&nbsp;Natee Srisawat ,&nbsp;Sommai Pivsa-Art ,&nbsp;Weraporn Pivsa-Art ,&nbsp;Ponlapath Tipboonsri ,&nbsp;Anin Memon","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing consumption of milk, juice, and other beverages has led to a rise in residual waste from beverage cartons. This study focuses on developing oil-absorbing pads using recycled pulp from beverage cartons as the core layer and non-woven polylactic acid (PLA) as the face layer. Recycled pulp was ground at various spinning times, producing rough, intermediate, and ultrafine forms. These pulps were treated with JAN (Japan) and GER (Germany) silane solutions at concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 wt%. Non-woven PLA was fabricated via the melt-blown process at screw speeds of 0.5 and 13 rpm, resulting in large and ultrafine PLA mats. Oil absorbency tests were conducted at various weight ratios of recycled pulp to non-woven PLA (100:0 to 0:100). Although untreated ultrafine pulp was unable to form sheets on its own, it exhibited the highest absorption capacity, reaching up to 19.5 g/g. Untreated pulp consistently absorbed more oil than treated variants. Consequently, ultrafine untreated pulp was used for further testing in mixed ratios with PLA. The results showed a decrease in oil absorbency with increasing PLA content. Among the PLA samples, the large non-woven PLA achieved the highest absorption capacity of 19.8 g/g and was selected for the pad's face layer. The final oil-absorbing pads, sized 10 cm × 10 cm, were fabricated using ultrasonic welding to seal the layers. The developed prototype incorporates recycled and biodegradable materials, offering a sustainable solution for oil absorption applications aligned with environmental goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}