Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of sulfuric acid–catalyzed hydrolysis of paper waste sludge for bacterial cellulose biosynthesis: A sustainable approach to industrial waste valorization","authors":"Thuc Tri Nguyen Ngo ,&nbsp;Long Phuoc Lieu ,&nbsp;Tan Khang Pham ,&nbsp;Thi My Hao Nguyen ,&nbsp;Phuc Lan Le ,&nbsp;Kim Quoc Cuong Pham ,&nbsp;Nguyen Hoang Phuc To ,&nbsp;Minh Tam Nguyen ,&nbsp;Man Nhi Truong ,&nbsp;Phan Thong Nguyen ,&nbsp;Trung Hieu Lu ,&nbsp;Nhan Tu Le Tan ,&nbsp;Dinh Quan Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paper waste sludge (PWS) generated by the pulp and paper industry is a cellulose-rich residue that remains largely underutilized and presents disposal challenges. In this study, an integrated chemical–biological process was developed to valorize PWS into high-value bacterial cellulose (BC) through sulfuric acid–catalyzed hydrolysis followed by fermentation with <em>Acetobacter xylinum</em>. The hydrolysis step was statistically optimized using a Box–Behnken design to evaluate the effects of solid-to-liquid ratio, sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, and reaction time on reducing sugar production. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were identified as a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:31.2, sulfuric acid concentration of 8.17%, temperature of 91.3 °C, and reaction time of 6.15 h, yielding a reducing sugar concentration of 11.12 g/L with a hydrolysis efficiency of 60.64%. The resulting hydrolysate was directly utilized as the fermentation substrate without detoxification, leading to BC production of approximately 10 g/L and a sugar-to-cellulose conversion efficiency of 49.65%. Structural characterization by SEM, XRD, and FTIR revealed that the BC exhibited a dense nanofibrillar matrix, high purity, and a crystallinity index of 84%, comparable to BC produced from refined carbon sources. A simplified mass balance and preliminary economic assessment further indicated effective carbon transfer from PWS to BC, low chemical cost contribution, and compatibility with existing sludge management practices. Thus, this work demonstrates a technically robust and scalable approach for converting paper waste sludge into high-performance bacterial cellulose, supporting the valorization of industrial waste into value-added biopolymers within a circular bioeconomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-pot synthesis of 2-aminoquinazolinones through sequential microwave irradiation and electrosynthesis","authors":"Khuyen Thu Nguyen ,&nbsp;Mongkol Sukwattanasinitt ,&nbsp;Sumrit Wacharasindhu","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we present the first sequential microwave-electrosynthesis strategy for the efficient and environmentally friendly synthesis of 2-aminoquinazolinones in a one-pot process. The electrochemical approach employs catalytic amounts of NH₄I and NaCl as a recyclable mediator-electrolyte system, without the need for external oxidants or metal reagents. Furthermore, one-pot synthetic routes starting from isatoic anhydrides or 2-aminobenzonitriles were developed by merging microwave and electrochemical methods, enabling the efficient synthesis of 2-aminoquinazolinones from diverse precursors in 38 examples with yields ranging from 40% to 98%. The process demonstrates high atom economy, good faradaic efficiency, and substantial reductions in solvent use and waste generation compared to conventional protocols. This approach is compatible with a variety of functional groups and is scalable to gram-scale synthesis without loss of efficiency. Moreover, the protocol can be successfully applied to the synthesis of both bioactive compounds and organocatalysts, highlighting its versatility and environmental benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid metal organic framework-polyethersulfone hollow fiber membrane interface for advanced ultrafiltration of microplastics, dyes, heavy metals, and salts: Toward sustainable development goals for wastewater treatment","authors":"Muttanna Venkatesh ,&nbsp;Arun M. Isloor ,&nbsp;Ramin Farnood ,&nbsp;Hilda Porawati","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intensifying problem of hazardous pollutants in water bodies, including industrial dyes, microplastics, heavy metals, and inorganic salts, demands the advancement of effective and sustainable treatment solutions. Traditional methods often prove inadequate due to their complexity, high costs, and potential for secondary contamination. This research presents novel fabrication of polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) hollow fiber membranes (HFMs), integrated with a 3D hierarchical MIL-100(Fe)@MIL-53(Fe) metal organic framework (MOF) composite, designed to address these issues. The tailored MOF composite architecture offers superior porosity and synergistic functional sites, enhancing hydrophilicity, water flux, antifouling resistance, and selective removal efficacy. Characterization techniques, including powder XRD, FTIR, FESEM, AFM, BET, membrane, material Zeta Potential, Particle size analyzer, TGA, and water contact angle, demonstrate the successful synthesis and integration of MOFs, as well as the fabrication of composite incorporated HFMs. This work demonstrates an effective pure water flux of 148 Lm⁻²h⁻¹ and very good removal efficacy through the cross-flow ultrafiltration process. While rejection efficiency of MM-0 and MM-2 displayed 84.7% and 95.8% for P(St-co-MMA), 92% and 94.9% for PET, 57.9% and 88% for Hg²⁺, 65.4% and 99% for Pb²⁺, 67.66% and 98% for CV, 77% and 95% for RO16, 36.32% and 50.37% for Na⁺, and 42.56 % and 71.28% for Mg^2+, respectively. Antifouling studies established a notable flux recovery ratio and operating robustness. This study authenticates the advanced novel work that is promising for the ultrafiltration water treatment process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147748911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile preparation of zeolite Na–P supported by nanozinc oxide for antibacterials","authors":"Sakesit Duangkham ,&nbsp;Rattana Pengproh ,&nbsp;Pattaranun Thuadaij","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents facile and short-time synthesis of zeolite Na–P supported by nanozinc oxide (nano-ZnO), demonstrating significant progress in developing antibacterial agents. Zeolites Na–P synthesized from Narathiwat kaolinite and silica derived from sugarcane bagasse ash were prepared by refluxing at 100 °C for 8 h. The zeolites Na–P were then functionalized with nano-ZnO in concentrations of 1 % w/w, 3 % w/w, and 5 % w/w in an ultrasound bath at 70 °C for 15 min and stirred with 1400 rpm at 70 °C for 3 h to form nanocomposites. The composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, which confirmed the successful integration of nano-ZnO without affecting the crystal structure of the zeolites. The antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized nanocomposites against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>, was evaluated using the disc diffusion method. The zeolites loaded with 3 % w/w nano-ZnO exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, outperforming the other formulations. The potential of zeolites Na–P is supported by nano-ZnO as a highly effective antibacterial agent, which has important implications for applications in healthcare and environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystalline defenders: Silver nanoparticles as a new front in antimicrobial warfare","authors":"Sabreena Jan ,&nbsp;Nayeema Jan ,&nbsp;Seema Singh ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ashraf Shah ,&nbsp;Mansoor Ahmad Malik","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The field of nanotechnology is capturing the attention of more and more researchers in their scholarly investigations. The presence of biologically active compounds in medicinal plants makes them an excellent choice for the synthesis of nanoparticles. This paper details the formation of crystalline silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a simple and environmentally friendly green synthesis technique. The nanoparticles were synthesized using plant extract of <em>Taxus wallichiana</em> as the reducing agent. Various analytical methods, including X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), were employed to investigate the size and structure of the synthesized particles. The as-synthesized AgNPs exhibited a prominent absorption peak at 425 nm. The FTIR spectrum of the AgNPs featured multiple spectral bands across the 300–4000 cm⁻¹ region. XRD analysis confirmed the successful formation of silver nanoparticles, with the synthesized sample exhibiting distinct diffraction peaks at 2θ values of 37.09°, 43.29°, 65.32°, and 76.40°. The biosynthesized AgNPs formed spherical aggregates at the nanoscale, with particle diameters ranging from approximately 60 to 80 nm as revealed by FESEM. They were found to be effective against a variety of fungal pathogens, such as <em>Aspergillus niger</em>, <em>A. fumigatus</em>, <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, and <em>Penicillium expansum</em>, as well as bacterial strains including <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Proteus vulgaris</em>, and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>. The nanoparticles demonstrated inhibition zones of varying diameters at different concentrations, with Nystatin and Kanamycin serving as positive controls for the fungal and bacterial species, respectively. The largest inhibition zone (18.42 ± 0.43 mm) was observed at the highest dose (0.4 mg/ml) for <em>Penicillium expansum</em>, while the smallest (10.18 ± 0.13 mm) was noted at the lowest dose (0.2 mg/ml) for <em>Aspergillus niger</em>. For bacteria, the highest dose (2.5 mg/ml) produced the largest inhibition zone (12.78 ± 0.17 mm) in <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, while the lowest dose (l.9 mg/ml) led to the smallest inhibition zone (8.85 ± 0.25 mm) in <em>Proteus vulgaris</em>. The study revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles showed greater inhibition against fungal species than against bacterial species. This study provides evidence that green-synthesized AgNPs from the leaf extract of <em>Taxus wallichiana</em> can be effective against a wide range of pathogen species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring biogenic/ green solvents on the sustainable development of metal organic frameworks for waste water treatment","authors":"Rajeev Agrawal ,&nbsp;Urmila Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Saurabh Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in the field of wastewater treatment has gained significant scientific focus in the recent years. However, the use of hazardous solvents during the synthesis of MOFs restrains their large scale synthesis and industrial level applications. Thus green and safer solvents are required, which can efficiently replace the toxic solvents conventionally used during the synthesis of MOFs. The application of cleaner green solvents can cause drastic alleviation in the toxic wastes produced from the industrial scale synthesis of MOFs. Many green solvents (bio-derived and non-bio-derived) have found their applications in different areas of scientific research. Green solvents, such as water, super critical CO₂, ionic liquids, deep-eutectic solvents, certain alcohols, gamma-valerolactone and cyrene have been efficiently explored for the synthesis of different types of MOFs suitable for waste water treatment. This review highlights the application of these solvents for the engineering of MOFs for water treatment. The research works from the last eight years (2018–2025) involving the use of suitable biogenic/green solvents for the synthesis of MOFs specifically applicable for water/wastewater treatment applications have been reviewed intricately for the first time. The challenges associated with the application of these solvents have been presented in detail. The recent strategies adopted by the researchers to overcome the existing challenges and obtain high quality MOFs in these solvents have been discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly chromium(VI) cleanup: Guava seed biosorbent performance in equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies","authors":"A. Hashem,&nbsp;A. Amr,&nbsp;E.S. Abdel-Halim,&nbsp;S. Farag,&nbsp;A.A. Aly","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The contamination of water resources by toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) poses significant environmental and health risks. This study explores the potential of guava seed powder (GSP), an agricultural byproduct, as a sustainable biosorbent for Cr(VI) removal. Comprehensive characterization using FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, and BET analysis revealed GSP's mesoporous structure (98.7 m²/g surface area) and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups (─OH, ─COOH), which facilitate effective Cr(VI) binding. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated optimal removal (&gt;85 %) at pH 2 and 30 °C, with equilibrium data best described by the Sips isotherm (R² = 0.990), indicating a maximum adsorption capacity of 3.0 mg/g. Kinetic analysis confirmed chemisorption as the dominant mechanism (pseudo-second-order model, R² = 0.985), while thermodynamic studies revealed the process to be exothermic (ΔH° = −8.72 kJ/mol) and spontaneous (ΔG° = −21.62 to −23.32 kJ/mol). The adsorption mechanism involved electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, and pore diffusion. Comparative analysis highlighted GSP's superior performance over other low-cost biosorbents, underscoring its potential as an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution for Cr(VI) remediation. This work not only advances sustainable water treatment but also aligns with circular economy principles by valorizing agricultural waste.</div><div>A preliminary cost analysis confirmed the exceptional economic viability of GSP, with production costs estimated at $1.5–3.0 per kg, underscoring its potential as a low-cost and sustainable alternative to commercial adsorbents for large-scale wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase separation behaviour during direct solvent extraction of Corynebacterium glutamicum fermentation broth – Systematic study of crud suppression","authors":"Jörg Eberz ,&nbsp;Lara Strehl ,&nbsp;Marcel Mann ,&nbsp;Andreas Jupke ,&nbsp;Jørgen Barsett Magnus","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The economic competitiveness of bio-based production processes is often hindered by the high costs associated with downstream processing, compared to fossil-based methods. Liquid-liquid extraction is a widely used technique for aqueous fermentation systems and offers significant cost-saving potential, especially if extraction could be performed directly from the fermentation broth without prior cell separation. However, this is often hindered by the formation of \"crud\" — a deposit or emulsion at the interface between two partially settled phases. This study investigates the liquid-liquid phase separation of <em>Corynebacterium glutamicum</em> DM 1933 fermentation broths using five different solvents. We systematically examined the impact of cell surface properties, modified through nutrient concentration, on crud formation. In addition, the variation in salt concentration and pH after fermentation was analysed. Our findings show that the present nutrient concentration influences the cell surface properties and, consequently, crud formation. A more hydrophilic cell surface was present at a lower phosphate concentration, whereas a more hydrophobic cell surface was measured for a lower nitrogen and iron concentration. With a more hydrophobic cell surface, the fermentation broth showed a large crud phase, while a decrease in crud formation could be seen for fermentation broths with a more hydrophilic cell surface. Furthermore, the crud formation is influenced by the pH, cell and salt concentration and strongly by the used solvent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A green templated and nitrogen-incorporated SAPO-34 catalyst for enhanced MTO performance","authors":"Mohammad Javad Emami,&nbsp;Jafar Towfighi Darian,&nbsp;Masoud Safari Yazd","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a nitrogen-modified SAPO-34 catalyst (SPG), synthesized via a green templated method using coffee powder, to improve the efficiency and stability of the methanol-to-olefins (MTO) process. Compared to conventional SAPO-34 (SP), SPG demonstrates enhanced selectivity, stability, and longevity. Characterization shows a smaller crystallite size (38 nm vs. 46 nm), increased nitrogen incorporation, and well-distributed active sites, improving catalytic activity. Optimized acidity in SPG enhances methanol conversion while reducing coke formation. MD simulations reveal that nitrogen modification improves methanol retention and adsorption energy, promoting ethylene production. Performance tests show SPG achieving 92.6 % light olefin selectivity for 360 min, outperforming SP. Additionally, SPG exhibits superior hydrothermal stability and reduced coke deposition, making it a promising eco-friendly and cost-effective catalyst for industrial MTO applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choline chloride/glycerol/l-arginine (TNADES) as a new sustainable solvent catalyst reaction media in multicomponent synthesis of biological corestones of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones, spiro-2-oxindoles and pyrazole-4-carbonitriles under mild conditions","authors":"Laleh Golestanifar,&nbsp;Ali Reza Sardarian","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ternary natural deep eutectic solvent (TNADES) made of choline chloride, glycerol, and <span>l</span>-arginine was used as an efficient, new reusable solvent/catalyst media for (i) the synthesis of 2-substituted-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1<em>H</em>)-ones through eco-friendly one-pot three-component reaction involving isatoic anhydride, ammonium acetate, various aldehydes or ketones, (ii) synthesis of spirooxindoles consisting of different isatines, malononitrile, and various nucleophiles such as 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds/4<em>H</em> coumarin/α-naphthol, and (iii) the synthesis of pyrazole-4-carbonitriles using the most common raw materials such as phenylhydrazine, malononitrile, or ethyl cyanoacetate and various aldehydes under similar conditions. This solvent/catalyst media is easily and atomic economically synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, TGA, DSC, CV, viscosity, density, refractive index, ionic conductivity, potential of hydrogen (pH), and optical activity. The advantages of this method are the use of recyclable natural and environmentally friendly DES as a dual solvent/catalyst mixture, good to excellent efficiency, and safe and clean operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}