Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"A sustainable approach for the Erlenmeyer synthesis of azlactones in deep eutectic solvents","authors":"Fatemeh Mohammad ,&nbsp;Najmedin Azizi ,&nbsp;Zohreh Mirjafari ,&nbsp;Javad Mokhtari","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as promising alternatives to hazardous catalysts and solvents in various chemical transformations. This study presents a facile, green, and simple approach for the synthesis of azlactones using a novel DES system. The reaction between hippuric acid and substituted heterocyclic/aromatic aldehydes in the DES medium efficiently yields 4-arylidene-2-phenyl-5(4H)-oxazolones with excellent purity and high yields in short reaction times. The novel DES consists of lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) as the hydrogen bond acceptor and urea as the hydrogen bond donor. This solvent system is cheap, commercially available, and easy to prepare through a simple, straightforward method. This strategy offers several key advantages, including mild reaction conditions, avoiding harsh reagents and extreme temperatures, and a simple, efficient work-up, minimizing purification steps. It ensures a high-yield economy, consistently achieving 73–97 % yields, while being environmentally friendly, offering a sustainable and non-toxic alternative. The approach demonstrates broad applicability, including pharmaceutically relevant molecules, and enhances DES reusability, improving cost-effectiveness and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phyto-fabricated Pd@Ag bimetallic nanocomposites using carica papaya leaf extract: A dual-functional platform for catalysis and antimicrobial defence","authors":"Jayamani T ,&nbsp;A. Elakkiya Devi ,&nbsp;T. Augustine Arul Prasad ,&nbsp;B. Scholastica Mary Vithiya ,&nbsp;Lawrance Richardson","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a green synthesis approach for bimetallic palladium–silver (Pd@Ag) nanocomposites using <em>Carica papaya</em> leaf extract, aimed at addressing urgent environmental and biomedical challenges. The synthesized Pd@Ag nanoparticles exhibited remarkable catalytic efficiency in degrading hazardous organic dyes, achieving 82 % and 88 % reduction of Congo Red and Methylene Blue, respectively, within minutes in the presence of NaBH₄. This highlights their strong potential in wastewater treatment and environmental detoxification. Furthermore, the Pd@Ag nanocomposites demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, showing significant zones of inhibition against major bacterial pathogens including <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, as well as antifungal effects against <em>Candida albicans</em> and <em>Aspergillus niger</em>. The dual functionality—efficient catalysis and potent antimicrobial defence—establishes these green-synthesized nanoparticles as promising candidates for sustainable environmental and biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable extraction of bioproducts from cactus pear waste: Economic viability and market opportunities in a green economy","authors":"Giuseppe Timpanaro,&nbsp;Vera Teresa Foti","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the economic viability of extracting bioproducts from discarded cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) waste in Sicily, where the cactus pear industry is well-established. The focus is on employing green extraction technologies, such as microwave-assisted methods, to produce valuable compounds like seed oil, pectin, and bioactive substances for use in the cosmetic, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. The results demonstrate that increasing the scale of production from 200 to 400 tons significantly enhances the financial performance of the operation, reducing the payback period from 6.5 to 4 years and yielding positive Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) values, reaching up to 35.7 %. However, challenges such as the seasonality of raw material availability and the high energy requirements of green technologies are noted. These findings suggest that while the project is economically feasible, managing supply chain variability and optimising energy consumption are critical for long-term sustainability. Additionally, the increasing consumer demand for sustainable and functional products provides a strong market opportunity for these bioproducts, though competition from international players leveraging economies of scale could pose a threat. This study highlights the importance of integrating green technologies in bioeconomy projects and offers insights for policymakers and industry leaders. Policymakers can support these initiatives through incentives and regulations, while businesses in the cosmetic and nutraceutical sectors may find competitive advantages in the quality and sustainability of these bioproducts. Further research should explore alternative biomass sources and innovations in extraction efficiency to ensure continuous production and cost reductions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absorbance study on the adsorptive removal of Fe(III) ions using activated carbon from coconut shells","authors":"Otong Nurhilal ,&nbsp;Adam Bagaskara ,&nbsp;Aufa Haritsah Sihite ,&nbsp;Sahrul Hidayat ,&nbsp;Setianto Setianto","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the adsorption kinetics and capacity of Fe(III) ions from aqueous solutions onto activated carbon synthesized from coconut shells. The carbonization process was conducted at 700 °C for 1 h, followed by activation with zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) as the activating agent. The resulting activated carbon was characterized using nitrogen adsorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The absorbance of Fe(III) solutions was quantitatively analyzed using UV–Vis spectroscopy. Activated carbon derived from coconut shells was employed as an adsorbent for Fe(III) Nitrate solutions. The study systematically investigated several parameters influencing the adsorption process, including initial ion concentration, contact time, and varying weights of activated carbon. Characterization results indicated a specific surface area of 490.29 m²/g, with a predominately amorphous aromatic carbon structure and a carbon content of approximately 86.41 % by weight. The maximum adsorption capacity for Fe(III) Nitrate was observed to be 60.95 mg/g for a carbon weight of 0.005 g and 50.95 mg/g for a carbon weight of 0.01 g. Notably, the highest removal efficiency reached 83.81 % with an activated carbon weight of 0.5 g.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micellar media","authors":"Farzaneh Mohamadpour","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is used as a catalyst in a green process to produce pyrano[2,3-<em>d</em>]pyrimidine scaffolds using green chemistry techniques. This is achieved by employing an aqueous micellar medium to combine barbituric acid/1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, malononitrile, and aryl aldehydes in an environmentally friendly manner at 50 °C. This environmentally friendly process is associated with a one-pot, easy accessibility, affordable reaction media, safe reaction conditions, no need for column chromatography for separation, and effective resource use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancement of Pt and Pd-based catalysis for green, sustainable energy and bio-medical applications","authors":"Nithyadharseni Palaniyandy ,&nbsp;Sekhosana Kutloano ,&nbsp;Lakshmi Devaraj ,&nbsp;Xolile Fuku ,&nbsp;Sathish Sundar Dhilip Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) -based catalysts have sparked intense research interest for many important reactions in green energy and sustainable technologies such as key industrial petrochemical processes, fine chemical synthesis, environmental protection, renewable energy conversion and microbial, as their specific activity, stability and selectivity are greatly higher. However, the availability of low-cost electrodes/catalysts with high activity and stable electrochemical performance is crucial for the development of long-term and cost-effective green energy, environmental and sustainable technologies. In response to the growing demand for these products, the development of strategies to produce various materials is being intensified. This review summarizes the recent research efforts to develop advanced noble metal-based electrocatalysts with excellent performance for water splitting catalysis, CO₂ reduction, electrochemical sensors and antimicrobial applications. Pt and Pd co-catalysts in photocatalytic water splitting are examined for their contributions to clean hydrogen production, with a focus on bandgap adjustment, reduced recombination time, and enhanced charge carrier separation. The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide is also explored, highlighting the selectivity and efficiency of Pt and Pd systems, addressing both carbon capture and the generation of valuable chemicals. Similarly, their role as co-catalysts in photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction is discussed for improved efficiency and selectivity. The review also addresses Pt- and Pd-based electrochemical sensors, emphasizing their catalytic roles in medical diagnostics and gas sensing. Further, the antimicrobial properties of Pt and Pd nanoparticles are explored, showcasing their potent inhibition of bacterial growth, disruption of biofilm formation, and effectiveness against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Additionally, the unique attributes of metal nanoclusters for biomedical sensing and imaging applications are discussed. Finally, a personal outlook is given to highlight the challenges and opportunities for the development of novel electrocatalysts suitable for a wide range of commercial applications in fostering advancements in sustainable technologies and materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile protocol, metal-free, one-pot synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes, benzimidazoles, and benzothiazoles via acidic ionic liquids based on pyridinium","authors":"Fereshteh Norouzi,&nbsp;Amir Abdolmaleki","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In a one-pot tandem condensation reaction, three functional ionic liquids (ILs) derived from pyridinium were employed as green, reusable, and efficient catalysts for the synthesis of important medicinal chemistry derivatives such as 2-amino-4<em>H</em>-chromenes. Additionally, benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles were synthesized using these catalysts. The ILs were favored for their easy set-up, high yields, and short synthesis times for the desired products. Moreover, the ILs could be easily recovered and reuse multiple times without significant loss of catalytic activity. Characterization of the synthesized compound was achieved through FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, TGA and melting point analysis. The compounds were prepared with good to excellent isolated yields under mild conditions, while the synthesis of benzimidazoles and benzothiazole derivatives was successful at both reflux and room temperature conditions. Finally, each class of compound was described along with its corresponding synthesis mechanism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666086524000031/pdfft?md5=63bc02acf9dcc2ffd1ae6f3d8b230897&pid=1-s2.0-S2666086524000031-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140066970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solanesol sequential extraction from tobacco leaves using microwave-ultrasound-assisted extraction (MUAE): MAE optimization","authors":"Edwin Rizki Safitra ,&nbsp;Yuswan Muharam ,&nbsp;Farizal ,&nbsp;Misri Gozan","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solanesol (C₄₅H₇₄O) is an aliphatic terpene alcohol of nine isoprene units found in the tobacco plant (<em>Nicotiana Tabacum</em> L.<em>).</em> The long and complex biosynthetic pathway of solanesol makes the extraction method still the best way to obtain solanesol. This work evaluates the optimum conditions for sequential extraction from tobacco leaves using microwave-ultrasound-assisted extraction (MUAE) as a green extraction method. There were two stages of extraction (sequential): first, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), followed by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). At the MAE stage, dry tobacco powder was extracted with variations of water-to-solid (feed) ratio (S/F) from 1:1 to 10:1 (mL/g), power from 200 to 800 W, and time from 0.5 to 2 min. Optimum conditions were obtained at 6:1 (mL/g), 400 W, and 1.5 min, respectively. The UAE stage was fixed with the solvent-to-solid (feed) ratio (S/F), solvent ratio (v/v), time, and temperature of 40:1, 1:2 (PE:ethanolic acid), 30 min, and 40 °C, respectively. The optimum solanesol yield was 3.0 % (w/w), and a nicotine yield of 1.41 % (%w/w) was obtained under the same conditions. The resulting crude solanesol was then purified using silica gel column chromatography (CC), resulting in a purity of 85 %. The yield of extracted solanesol is much higher than in other studies due to the use of fresh leaves and MUAE method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666086523000395/pdfft?md5=76670eb1a5044b4c5a87b4224418e038&pid=1-s2.0-S2666086523000395-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139022543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of caffeic acid as an effective natural antioxidant for polypropylene-polyethylene copolymers: A DFT and experimental study","authors":"Joaquín Alejandro Hernández Fernández ,&nbsp;Katherine Liset Ortiz Paternina ,&nbsp;Juan López Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Caffeic acid (CAF) i is a polyphenolic compound commonly found in plants, valued for its ability to act as an antioxidant. This study focused on investigating the impact of a natural antioxidant, specifically caffeic acid (CAF), compared to two synthetic antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), on the thermal stability of propylene/ethylene copolymer (C-PP/PE), Aiming to establish a theoretical framework for the advancement of novel polymeric antioxidant compounds. Theoretical calculations were conducted to determine each compound's thermodynamic properties and antioxidant activity. The phenolic hydroxyl bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) values revealed that BHA had the lowest value (325.6 kJ mol⁻¹), trailed by CAF (328.2 kJ mol⁻¹) and BHT (341.3 kJ mol⁻¹), indicating a higher electron-donating capacity of BHA. Transition energy (TS) calculations indicated that BHA had the lowest TS energy (49.29 kJ mol⁻¹), succeeded by CAF (57.61 kJ mol⁻¹) and then BHT (75.57 kJ mol⁻¹), suggesting greater efficiency in radical scavenging. Additionally, the obtained rate constants showed that CAF had the highest hydrogen abstraction rate (k = 1.05 × 10⁵ M⁻¹ s⁻¹), followed by BHA (k = 1.17 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ s⁻¹), and then BHT (k = 4.2 × 10³ M⁻¹ s⁻¹). These results support the effectiveness of CAF as a potentially more active antioxidant. In the experimental part of this study, it was observed that C-PP/PE with BHA showed a lower melt flow index (MFI) (8.51), indicating more excellent thermal stability. On the other hand, samples containing natural caffeic acid extracts exhibited a gradual decrease in MFI with increasing CAF concentration (MFI of 9.4, 8.82, 7.59, 6.44, and 5.98 for concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, and 0.125 ppm, respectively), suggesting a progressive improvement in the thermal stability of C-PP/PE with increasing natural antioxidant. In TGA analyses, decomposition was observed around 340 °C in samples without additives and those containing 0.1 ppm of BHA. In contrast, samples with different concentrations of CAF showed delayed degradation, observed in the temperature range of 380–400 °C. This delay in degradation indicates that CAF imparts more excellent thermal stability to C-PP/PE copolymer, as it reaches temperatures above 400 °C before starting its decomposition. These findings support the feasibility of using natural antioxidants such as CAF to improve the thermal properties of copolymers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666086524000274/pdfft?md5=ee498f02078447085452c00dec73c446&pid=1-s2.0-S2666086524000274-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of azo dyes degradation potential of Staphylococcus strains: A strategy for dye-waste management","authors":"Mehvish Ajaz ,&nbsp;Eeman Ali ,&nbsp;Dilara Abbas Bukhari ,&nbsp;Hafiz Zeeshan Wadood ,&nbsp;Shaista Shafiq ,&nbsp;Syed Zajif Hussain ,&nbsp;Abdul Rehman","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2024.100432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current investigation aimed to identify the bacterial isolates that could prove helpful in the degeneration of harmful azo dyes from wastewater. The bacterial strains 1b, 1 m, and 4v could decolorize azo dyes up to 81 %, 79 %, and 87 % within 5 days. The degraded products by thin layer chromatography (TLC) showed Rf values of 0.89, 0.95, 0.90, 0.92, and 0.98 while the control showed an Rf value of 0.94. The comparison of the retention time of control and treated samples by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system convinced that remarkable decolorization had occurred by the bacterial strains. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the control and degraded samples was proof that the bond stretching occurred in the treated samples due to the action of bacterial strains. The release of compounds by bacteria i.e., 3-Aminobutanoic acid, pyrrolo pyrazine-1, 4-dione, and palmitic acid was inspected by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. No clear zones showed that the bacterial dye-degraded wastewater had no harm to the normal flora. At last, phytotoxicity was studied on <em>Vigna radiata</em> which had negative results. Given their pollutant degrading capabilities, these bacterial isolates are a good bioresource for green chemistry to exterminate azo dyes from the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}