{"title":"Cerium (IV) sulfate tetrahydrate as a reusable heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst: solvent-free and green synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-dione scaffolds","authors":"Farzaneh Mohamadpour","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An ecologically benign method for the synthesis of 1<em>H</em>-pyrazolo [1,2-<em>b</em>]phthalazine-5,10-dione scaffolds without the use of solvents is presented. It employs cerium (IV) sulfate tetrahydrate (Ce(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O) as a reusable heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst. The reactions conclude significantly more quickly and produce products with impressive yields. This environmentally friendly technique employs safe settings. It is inexpensive, efficient, and simple to use. Finally, a solvent is not required. Furthermore, after four cycles, the highly efficient and eco-friendly Ce(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O remains rather stable and does not alter or lose its effectiveness. As a consequence, it is very advantageous for both cost-cutting and environmental protection during industrial operations. While the range of yields (79–92 %, with an average of 87.05 %) is fairly constant, the range of reaction times is fairly short (40–65 min, with an average of 48.52 min). It's also crucial that this method can provide yield excellent yields and a rapid rate of reaction even when used with a variety of functional groups that give or take electrons. The results suggest that, given relatively simple and effective reaction conditions, this technique is a productive one-pot procedure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of the performance of various forms of nano carbon as a membrane with the aim of optimal use in water purification and providing a mathematical model to predict membrane behavior","authors":"Abdollah Abbasloo , Farshad Farahbod","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing global population and the provision of safe drinking water have become a major challenge facing the world today. Water shortages are felt in various uses such as drinking, industry, and agriculture, and the need for water consumption is expected to double in the next 25 years according to forecasts. One way to meet the need for water consumption is to use saline water from wells, wastewater, and their treatment. In this study, using laboratory studies, the clogging of various types of nano-membranes including different forms of carbon such as single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and fullerene (C60) which are used in the water purification process is investigated. Experimental results show that the use of a membrane made with multi-walled carbon nanotubes performs better compared to other forms of carbon and therefore has a more favorable performance in reducing the hardness of the effluent. Experimental results show that the total hardness of the treated water when using a membrane made with multi-walled carbon nanotubes at a constant temperature of 23 °C and a mass of 10 g and a flow rate of 1.87 L per second after 10 days is equal to 210 micro mhos per centimeter. The significance of this research lies in its comprehensive comparison of various carbon-based nano-membranes for water purification and the development of a predictive mathematical model for membrane fouling behavior. By identifying multi-walled carbon nanotubes as the optimal material with superior performance, longevity, and reusability, this study offers a promising solution for enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of membrane-based desalination systems. The findings contribute to addressing the global challenge of water scarcity by advancing nanotechnology applications in environmental engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theo Uskoković , Evangelina Uskoković , Victoria Wu , Vuk Uskoković
{"title":"Anti-dirt hand sanitizer: A zeolite-enhanced approach to hygiene and microbial protection","authors":"Theo Uskoković , Evangelina Uskoković , Victoria Wu , Vuk Uskoković","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Children love to play with dirt and their outdoor activities oftentimes make their hands heavily soiled. Meanwhile, improper sanitation of the hands prior to making contact with food or bodily fluids can result in potentially dangerous infection. In situations where handwashing is not available, hand sanitizers present a common cleaning agent of choice. However, as it is shown here, standard sanitizers, albeit acting effectively against skin microbes, do not have the ability to remove the dirt deposits off children's hands, where microbial colonies may remain protected against the antiseptic effect of the sanitizer. To circumvent this limitation, we designed and synthesized an antimicrobial hand sanitizer gel capable of removing such dirt deposits. This novel form of the hand sanitizer was created by adding a low-silica zeolite (M<sub>y</sub><sup>z+</sup>[Si<sub>1-x</sub>Al<sub>x</sub>O<sub>2</sub>]<sup>x−</sup> {x = 0.375, x = yz}) zeolite, a common environmental remediation agent, in three different weight fractions (1, 5 and 10 wt%) to the base formulation containing ethanol and water at different volume ratios (60:40 and 70:30 v/v), alongside methylcellulose as the gelling agent and glycerin as the humectant. The dirt-removal efficiency of zeolite-containing formulations was significantly higher than that of the zeolite-free formulations and directly proportional to the amount of zeolite dispersed in them. Antibacterial assays demonstrated the evident antiseptic effect of all the formulations against cultivable bacteria sampled from the soiled hands. Fundamental and practical findings shared here can aid in the design of an anti-dirt hand sanitizer for the prevention of exposure of both pediatric and general populations to obligate or opportunistic pathogens residing in various environmental sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retraction notice to “Novel advancements in green and sustainable polymeric nanocomposites coatings” [Curr. Res. Green Sustain. Chem. 4 (2021) 100173]","authors":"Christopher Igwe Idumah","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100482","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phytochemistry and antimicrobial potential of off-grade white pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oils extracted using microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD)","authors":"Sarifah Nurjanah , Sekar Widyaningrum , Bambang Nurhadi , S. Rosalinda , Rienoviar , Nandang Permadi , Euis Julaeha","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White pepper generally used as spice, has the main component of piperine which gives it a spicy taste and essential oils that determine its aroma. In general trade, only good pepper is traded, while off-grade that does not meet quality requirements will be wasted. This study aims to investigate the effect of extraction methods of essential oils from off-grade white pepper and the potential of its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that off-grade white pepper essential oils (WPEO) could be isolated by using microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) and hydro-distillation (HD). Essential oils produced had physicochemical characteristics in accordance with the ISO 3061:2008 standard. Specifically, MAHD off-grade, MAHD grade-A, and HD WPEO had 13, 11, and 15 components, respectively. The chemical composition showed that all the extracted EO contained the main components of caryophyllene, (+)-3-carene, <span>d</span>-limonene, and β-pinene. The methods showed the extraction ability of monoterpene hydrocarbons by MAHD and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons by HD. In comparison, microwave-extracted essential oils had a higher limonene, while off-grade WPEO contained (+)-3-carene. The FTIR results confirmed the content of the components in the three WPEO that were investigated. All essential oils had antibacterial activity against E. coli and <em>S. typhimurium</em> with zone inhibition values of MAHD off-grade WPEO, MAHD grade-A WPEO, and HD off-grade WPEO against E. coli at 15.44 ± 1.68 mm, 6.72 ± 0.59 mm, and 10.17 ± 0.29 mm, as well as against <em>S. typhimurium</em> at 8.72 ± 1.25 mm, 8.06 ± 0.86 mm, and 8.83 ± 0.87 mm, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploration of cosmetic bioactive compounds from cocoa bean shell using polyol-based microwave-assisted extraction: Cytotoxicity, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-melanogenesis properties","authors":"Sasakorn Pattanakitjaroenchai , Puthita Pitsawong , Nuntawat Khat-Udomkiri","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cocoa bean shells, a major byproduct of the cocoa industry, hold significant potential for value-added applications, particularly in cosmetics. The aim of this study was to develop a sustainable, eco-friendly extraction process for bioactive compounds with skin-whitening properties using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and polyol-based solvents, a novel approach in cocoa bean shell valorization. Polyols, such as propylene glycol (PG), were compared to ethanol (EtOH) for their efficiency in extracting bioactive compounds. The influence of polyol type, polyol concentration, solid-to-liquid ratio, temperature, and extraction time on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was systematically evaluated. This study demonstrated that PG, at optimal conditions (60 % w/v, 1:50 solid-to-liquid ratio, 100 °C, 30-min extraction), significantly enhanced TPC (59.57 ± 1.33 mg GAE/g sample), TFC (242.24 ± 2.95 mg QE/g sample), and tyrosinase inhibition (4.75 ± 0.35 mg KAE/g sample) compared to EtOH. LC-QQQ analysis identified quercetin, catechin, and trigonelline as key contributors to tyrosinase inhibition and melanin content reduction, with PG extracts demonstrating superior functional activity despite similar quercetin levels in both solvents. Comparative cytotoxicity, anti-melanogenic assays, and cellular tyrosinase inhibition further confirmed the enhanced safety and efficacy of PG extracts over conventional ethanol extracts, positioning them as a novel green solvent system for developing effective skin-whitening active ingredients in cosmetic formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selective flotation of silicates from phosphates using Tetrabutyl Ammonium Chloride as a green collector","authors":"Ashraf Alsafasfeh","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces Tetrabutyl Ammonium Chloride (TBAC) as a novel selective collector for silicates in the reverse flotation of apatite-quartz model sample. Zeta potential measurements, contact angle analysis, FTIR, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to investigate reagent adsorption at mineral-water interfaces. FTIR analysis revealed the appearance of new peaks corresponding to C–H and C–N stretching in TBAC-treated quartz, but not in apatite, indicating TBAC's preferential adsorption on quartz surfaces. XPS analysis further supported FTIR results; a distinct N 1s peak at 401.5 eV was observed on TBAC-treated quartz, while no such peak appeared on apatite, confirming the absence of significant interaction. Zeta potential measurements showed a larger shift in surface charge for quartz than for apatite after TBAC treatment, particularly at higher pH levels, with a notable shift of +16.28 mV at pH 11 for quartz, compared to only +0.4 mV for apatite. Contact angle measurements also demonstrated that TBAC significantly increased quartz hydrophobicity—reaching values above 115°—while apatite showed minimal change. Flotation tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of TBAC as collector for apatite and quartz. In single mineral flotation, the highest quartz recovery (97 %) was achieved at pH 11 with a TBAC dosage of 150 g/ton while the apatite recovery was reduced to 31.6 %. The binary-mineral system showed a higher recovery of apatite with a commercial quartz collector at 52.4 %, compared to just 25.3 % when TBAC was used. Comparative tests with a conventional DA collector revealed that apatite recovery was significantly higher with DA (52.4 %) than with TBAC (25.3 %), emphasizing TBAC's limited interaction with phosphate minerals and its potential utility for silicate removal in reverse flotation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Agonistic and antagonistic effects of both aqueous and alcoholic extracts of plants containing copper and silver nanoparticles on Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis","authors":"Shohreh Torabi, Fatemeh Keshavarzi","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate and compare the inhibitory effects of copper and silver nanoparticles (NPs), as well as aqueous and alcoholic extracts of yarrow and chamomile against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>P. mirabilis</em> bacteria. The extracts were prepared from fresh leaves of chamomile and yarrow plants using the maceration method. Copper NPs were purchased and silver NPs were prepared through the chemical recovery method. The bactericidal effects were measured by changes in the zone of inhibition (ZoI). The absence of a ZoI was interpreted as resistant, <5 mm as semi-sensitive, and >5 mm as sensitive. The results indicated that the NPs had an approximate size of 7 nm. The diameter of the ZoI in aqueous extracts of chamomile and yarrow was greater for <em>E. coli</em> compared to <em>P. mirabilis</em>, while in alcoholic extracts this relationship was reversed. The concentration of 0.4 μg/μL of copper and silver NPs for both bacteria was the most effective concentration of bactericidal NPs. The combined effect of copper NPs and extracts on <em>E. coli</em> and <em>P. mirabilis</em> indicated that the largest ZoI was associated with the alcoholic extract of chamomile (11 mm) and the aqueous extract of yarrow (13 mm), respectively, at a concentration of 0.4 μg/μL of copper NPs. Antagonistic effects of copper NPs on <em>E. coli</em> and <em>P. mirabilis</em> were observed, with an increase in the concentration of copper NPs leading to a larger non-growth halo diameter. The comparison of the bactericidal effects of the extract-nanoparticle combination and the ZoI results of the antibiogram test for 4 antibiotics revealed that the diameter of the ZoI formed by ciprofloxacin was 24 mm for E. coli and 35 mm for P. mirabilis. The difference ZoI of ciprofloxacin on E.coli compared to other antibiotics, as well as the ZoI of chamomile alcoholic extract and yarrow aqueous extract on E. coli and P. mirabilis, was found to be significant (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were observed at a concentration of 500 and 250 μL of the combination of silver NPs + aqueous yarrow extract and the combination of copper NPs + aqueous yarrow extract, respectively. Future research should continue to explore these parameters to develop more effective and sustainable approaches to nanoparticle synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kimia Yavari , Changiz Karami , Sara Bijari , Diba Adami , Mohammad Hassan Shahavi
{"title":"Removal of amoxicillin from hospital waste using Fe2O3–Ag adsorbent and optimization by response surface methodology and machine learning prediction","authors":"Kimia Yavari , Changiz Karami , Sara Bijari , Diba Adami , Mohammad Hassan Shahavi","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Antibiotic pollution in hospital effluent is a significant environmental concern that contributes to the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study aims to provide effective removal strategies for antibiotics from wastewater.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>In this study, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Ag nanocomposites were prepared and characterized to enhance the sorption of Amoxicillin from water. We employed Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and machine learning models (XGBoost and Random Forest) to optimize the adsorption process, maximizing removal efficiency. The optimal conditions for Amoxicillin removal were determined to be a pH of 6.5, a contact time of 26 min, a temperature of 45 °C, and an adsorbent dosage of 0.185 g. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies indicated that the process followed the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetics, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><div>Machine learning models demonstrated robust predictive performance, with an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.97 for XGBoost. These findings highlight the potential of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Ag nanocomposites as effective adsorbents for antibiotic removal, paving the way for sustainable wastewater treatment solutions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In conclusion, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Ag nanocomposites can be recognized as effective adsorbents in the removal of antibiotics from wastewater, contributing to the improvement of sustainable wastewater management solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nguyen Chi Dung , Tran Ngoc Giau , Hong Van Hao , Nguyen Van Thanh , Nguyen Minh Thuy , Vo Quang Minh , Ngo Van Tai
{"title":"Characterization of orange-fleshed sweet potato starch nanoparticles produced by acid hydrolysis","authors":"Nguyen Chi Dung , Tran Ngoc Giau , Hong Van Hao , Nguyen Van Thanh , Nguyen Minh Thuy , Vo Quang Minh , Ngo Van Tai","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sweet potatoes are abundant in starch and have several applications for this component. Starch can be chemically changed to boost its beneficial properties. The objective of this study is to use common, easily accessible, and reasonably priced organic acids to produce modified starch with a nanoscale size from orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP). The characterization of OFSP nanostarch were assessed using hydrolysis with three distinct acids (acetic, citric and lactic acid) at concentrations ranging from 5 to 15 %. It was observed that nanostarch's swelling ability and viscosity decreased but its solubility increased during acid hydrolysis. OFSP nanostarch hydrolyzed with 10 % citric acid had a good recovery efficiency and quality suitable. Some physico-chemical properties of OFSP nanostarch were determined. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were observed. The size of OFSP nanocrystals is in the range of 900–930 nm. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of acid-treated starch contained 22 spectral peaks ranging from 3282.84 cm<sup>−1</sup> to 418.55 cm<sup>−1</sup>, which indicated the vibrations of glycosidic bonds, hydroxyl groups, and C<img>O bonds. Differential scanning calorimetry investigation revealed that sweet potato starch nanocrystals gelatinized at temperatures ranging from 65.4 to 89.1 °C. OFSP starch nanocrystals from acid-treated starch samples exhibited peaks at diffraction angles 2<em>θ</em> around 10°, 11°, 15°, 17°, 18°, 20°, and 23°. Producing nanostarch from OFSP starch not only raises the usage value of this raw material in the producing areas, but it also adds to the long-term development of this resource when the resulting products are well and widely used in various domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}