{"title":"Evidence of Extreme Overpressure Generated by Source Rock Maturation: Case Study, Deep-Offshore GOM, USA","authors":"F. Poeymarie, T. Rives","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201900511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201900511","url":null,"abstract":"Only very few overpressure prediction accounting for hydrocarbon generation processes are actually based on real well results and data. This paper will show a case study example where both compaction disequilibrium and hydrocarbon generation participate to the generation of overpressures. This case study was built using standard log derived method as well as drilling observations and well events.","PeriodicalId":295902,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Workshop on Pore Pressure Prediction","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114585553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Ferrari, A. Consonni, E. P. Massara, P. Tempone
{"title":"Integrating Geomechanics and Geochemistry to Quickly Estimate Pore Pressure near Salt Diapirs","authors":"F. Ferrari, A. Consonni, E. P. Massara, P. Tempone","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201900510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201900510","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional pore pressure prediction methods, which are based on seismic velocities, allow accounting for overpressure generated by compaction disequilibrium. Although several other sources of overpressure has been widely recognized, they are still poorly quantified. This abstract presents a workflow for quantifying the overpressure due to both the lateral strain exerted by a salt diapir and the clay diagenesis (smectite to illite transformation). The former is modelled using geomechanical analytical approach, based on the Geertsma method. The latter is instead derived from geochemical lab tests carried out on bottom-hole cores. The overpressures resulting from the three mechanisms (i.e., under-compaction, lateral strain and clay digenesis) have been superimposed to a post-drilling pore pressure interpretation. The sum of the calculated overpressure fits quite well with the pore pressure interpretation down to a certain depth, below which the considered mechanisms are not enough to fully justify the measured overpressures.","PeriodicalId":295902,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Workshop on Pore Pressure Prediction","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121579888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PP Follow-up While Drilling: Seeking a Pressure Transition Zone in a Back Arc Basin","authors":"A. Isiakpere, M. Dougherty, B. Benazet","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201900509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201900509","url":null,"abstract":"Pressure transition zones are often expected when reservoir and cap rock pressures are thought to be in pressure disequilibrium. This could be either a pressure drainage effect on the cap rock due to drained underlying reservoirs or a pressure increase in the cap rock due to higher pressured underlying reservoirs. However, these transition zones are rarely seen nor verified with available data. As a result, such transition zones are modelled based on concepts from the 3D geological model and connectivity / lack of connectivity with calibration points. The case study aims to show a pre-drill prediction model where the transition zone within the shale dominated cap rock (due to drainage effect from the underlying reservoirs) was critical in order to ensure the optimal placement of the 13-3/8” casing string.","PeriodicalId":295902,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Workshop on Pore Pressure Prediction","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133224088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Lothe, A. Grøver, O. Roli, G. Leirdal, T. Kristiansen
{"title":"Uncertainty Modelling of Minimum Horizontal Stresses and Porepressures in Deeply Buried Grabens. What’s Next in Modelling?","authors":"A. Lothe, A. Grøver, O. Roli, G. Leirdal, T. Kristiansen","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201900523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201900523","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Three-dimensional pore pressure modelling over geological time scale has been carried out for a deeply buried possible reservoir in the Vana and Volve Sub-Basin, Viking Graben. The magnitude of the minimum horizontal stresses has been varied, and the input stress gradient has been calibrated with observed Leak-Off Tests. The simulation results show varying misfit to observed overpressures in different wells. The methodology can in future be used with a Monte-Carlo approach.","PeriodicalId":295902,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Workshop on Pore Pressure Prediction","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115846336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Nikolinakou, M. Heidari, P. Flemings, A. Bere, J. Kato
{"title":"FES Pressure Prediction Workflow Coupling Velocities with Geomechanical Modeling","authors":"M. Nikolinakou, M. Heidari, P. Flemings, A. Bere, J. Kato","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201900518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201900518","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluate the FES pressure prediction workflow using results from an evolutionary transient geomechanical model. The FES workflow couples velocities with geomechanical modeling to incorporate the effects of both mean and shear stress to pressure generation. The FES method predicts pore pressure and the full stress tensor. Because the FES workflow is iterative and requires data available on different grids (e.g., velocity vs. geomechanical results), we have developed a new tool in Horizon/Elfen to streamline the prediction process. In order to evaluate the workflow, we consider the end stage of the evolutionary model as the real basin. We use the geometry to build a static model. We use the evolutionary porosity field to calculate our real velocity field. We apply the VES method using this velocity field and the FES method using the velocity field and the static model. We find that the FES method predicts pressure values closer to the real basin pressures and performs better near a source-layer weld, where both mean and shear are non-uniaxial.","PeriodicalId":295902,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Workshop on Pore Pressure Prediction","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126781960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. J. V. D. L. D. Rodríguez, T. Harrold, M. Nikolinakou, O. F. Bellón, P. Jiménez, A. M. Pascual
{"title":"2D vs 3D Geomechanical Modelling Comparison to Influence Pore Pressure and Fracture Gradient Analysis","authors":"J. J. V. D. L. D. Rodríguez, T. Harrold, M. Nikolinakou, O. F. Bellón, P. Jiménez, A. M. Pascual","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201900521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201900521","url":null,"abstract":"Geomechanical modeling can be an important tool in constraining pore pressure and fracture gradients in exploration wells, especially in areas of salt tectonics. Full 3D modeling can be time consuming and impractical for planning so knowing that 2D modeling can achieve similar results can be significant. We predict the stress and strain description around a salt structure from the West African Coast using a 3D static geomechanical model and compare the results to a 2D model. The 3D model uses the present-day basin geometry and a series of inputs (pore pressure, material properties assuming poro-elastic behavior for sediments and visco-plastic behavior for salt, boundary constraints and initial vertical to horizontal effective stress ratios). The 2D model uses geometry from the 3D model and the same input parameters. Both models predict similar sediment and salt displacements and stress ratio reduction above the salt structure although the displacements and stress ratio reduction are larger in the 2D model. The results of our analysis indicate that 2D geomechanical models, if selected correctly, can represent more complex 3D geometries. In addition, less computationally expensive 2D model allow a more complete sensitivity analysis and the identification of the mechanism of stress / pore pressure reduction.","PeriodicalId":295902,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Workshop on Pore Pressure Prediction","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126310384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantification of Uncertainties in Pore Pressure Prediction: Is there any one Best Practice?","authors":"S. Bordoloi","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201900501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201900501","url":null,"abstract":"Uncertainties in pore pressure models arises due to a combination of various reasons: poor quality input data, challenging geological settings, dearth of sufficient predrill information, lack of geological understanding are some of the critical ones. Moreover, being a multi-disciplinary effort and in some cases due to a lack of sufficiently experienced resources - some of these challenges can get amplified. However, having an awareness regarding the effect of various geologic parameters on overpressure generation as well as its maintenance or dissipation through time plays a very critical role in influencing our overall interpretation of the ‘uncertainty envelope’. Many times it has been experienced that ‘knowing what we don’t know’ could be a key factor in how good we can quantify these uncertainties.","PeriodicalId":295902,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Workshop on Pore Pressure Prediction","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130768337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ramdhan, T. Atarita, G. Titaley, A. Ardjuna, L. Hutasoit
{"title":"The Application of Double Normal Compaction Trend to Improve Overpressure Estimation in the East Java Basin","authors":"A. Ramdhan, T. Atarita, G. Titaley, A. Ardjuna, L. Hutasoit","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201900496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201900496","url":null,"abstract":"The East Java Basin is an overpressured basin in Indonesia. The LUSI mudvolcano is one of the evidences of overpressure occurrence in the basin. Hydrocarbon drillings in the basin have been experiencing some operational problems due to the presence of overpressure such as drilling-pipe stuck, hole cavings, and kicks, leading to non-productive drilling time. In this paper, we offer additional analytical analyses to estimate overpressure magnitude in the basin, on the basis of understanding of overpressure generating mechanism and mudrock compaction stages. The analysis shows that overpressure in the study area, at least down to the depth ~ 3 km is caused by disequilibrium compaction, and the mudrocks has experienced transformation from smectite (S) to illite (I) at the depth ~1.6 km. The conventional method of overpressure estimation commonly used in this basin is to use single normal compaction trend (NCT) to estimate overpressure for the entire section. This method seriously underestimates overpressure magnitude at depth. By constraining S-I transformation, we propose double NCT (smectitic NCT and illitic NCT) to estimate overpressure magnitude in the basin. We have proved that this technique can estimate overpressure reasonably accurate.","PeriodicalId":295902,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Workshop on Pore Pressure Prediction","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133991669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Isiakpere, M. Skaug, L. Sirgue, B. Benazet, A. Chiappero
{"title":"Impact of Geological Model Uncertainties on Pore Pressure Prediction: A GOM Case Study","authors":"A. Isiakpere, M. Skaug, L. Sirgue, B. Benazet, A. Chiappero","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201900499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201900499","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to demonstrate how the understanding of the reservoir extent, connectivity, facies as well as varying burial in a complex sub-salt context plays a role in determining the magnitude of overpressure in the inboard part of the Gulf of Mexico.","PeriodicalId":295902,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Workshop on Pore Pressure Prediction","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123267978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Rouille, T. Harrold, S. Martinez, G. Saceda, J. M. Jiménez
{"title":"Pore Pressure Uncertainty, Practices and Pragmatism for Well Planning","authors":"P. Rouille, T. Harrold, S. Martinez, G. Saceda, J. M. Jiménez","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201900491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201900491","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decade, markets have imposed significant operational cost savings to the oil industry. With a given annual upstream budget and commonly overestimated exploratory well AFEs, some projects can be compromised or postponed. Defining with more accuracy the exploration wells AFE can allow to drill an extra well on the same annual budget. Pore Pressure and Geomechanical studies directly drive the well design (including contingencies), the drilling strategy, the rig selection or the equipment necessary to achieve the given objectives safely. The cost of the well is directly impacted, therefore, by these inputs. Optimising and lowering the PPFG uncertainties are key factors to reduce the allocated budget and final cost of a well. Reducing the uncertainty too much, however, can result in a well design not sufficient to handle the conditions with disastrous consequences. To solve this complex equation, the engineer needs to understand how all the sources of uncertainty are propagated. From the well Kick Off meeting to the final PPFG delivery to drilling team, every single step includes uncertainties: geological / prospect definition, offset well analysis and lessons learnt, seismic velocity, overpressure mechanisms and scenarios, fluid type, depth uncertainties, lithology effects amongst others.","PeriodicalId":295902,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Workshop on Pore Pressure Prediction","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123427165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}