{"title":"Changes in trunk and spine biomechanics during repetitive fatiguing exertions","authors":"K. Granata, W. Marras","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1996.493270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1996.493270","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to document trunk motions, muscle activity and spinal load during repetitive fatigueing lifting tasks. Ten warehouse employees transferred twelve pallets of 23 kg. boxes at a rate of 125 lifts per hour. Prior to transferring the load on each pallet, controlled \"test\" exertions were performed. Results from test exertions indicated lifts performed under more fatigued conditions were accomplished with greater pelvic flexion and reduced trunk angle. Compressive load on the spine decreased but shear loads increased significantly with fatigue. These findings may help explain how fatigue increases the risk of LED during repetitive lifting.","PeriodicalId":294120,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Fifteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123297078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of sympathetic nerve activity by power spectrum of arterial pressure fluctuations: effects of salt-induced hypertension and calcium supplementation in rats","authors":"K. Ju, T. Kuwaki, A. Ono, T. Tujita, M. Kumada","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1996.493264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1996.493264","url":null,"abstract":"In salt-loaded or calcium supplied young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the power spectrum of arterial blood pressure (ABP) was determined in the anesthetized state by forward and backward autoregressive (F-B AR) algorithms. The authors found that salt-loading led to sympathetic overactivity, which was prevented by calcium supplementation, and concluded that F-B AR power spectral analysis of ABP fluctuations in SHR was a useful tool to monitor effects of salt-induced hypertension and calcium supplementation.","PeriodicalId":294120,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Fifteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122994422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hoffmeister, G.J. Reese, R. Ten Eyck, F. Smeeks
{"title":"Digital image processing for detection of wooden foreign bodies in plain radiographs of chicken thighs","authors":"J. Hoffmeister, G.J. Reese, R. Ten Eyck, F. Smeeks","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1996.493137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1996.493137","url":null,"abstract":"Contrast enhancement was studied to improve the detection of wooden foreign bodies in Emergency Department radiographs. Wood inserted into chicken thighs served as models of puncture wounds in the human hand. Digitized plain-film radiographs of chicken thighs with and without foreign bodies were processed with various contrast enhancement algorithms. Results from the two most promising techniques were evaluated by a physician with training in radiology, and computation times and subjective performance of these algorithms were compared. Use of these two techniques led to better detection of foreign bodies in the enhanced images than in the original radiographs.","PeriodicalId":294120,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Fifteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114155440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. P. Arsenjev, P. A. Arsenjev, N. Saratovskaja, M. J. Sheinin
{"title":"Preparation of granulated materials on the hydroxylapatite base","authors":"A. P. Arsenjev, P. A. Arsenjev, N. Saratovskaja, M. J. Sheinin","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1996.493282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1996.493282","url":null,"abstract":"In various areas of implantology granulated hydroxylapatite (HA) is used successfully for restoration of different bone defects in the human skeleton. In the present work when speaking about granulated HA the authors mean pure stoichiometrical HA, in which phase and chemical composition correspond to the USA standard. For control purposes the authors used X-ray diffraction analysis and infra-red spectroscopy. The techniques used by the authors for granulation exclude a possibility of preparing amorphous materials. Therefore in all cases granules represent polycrystalline bodies. In terms of sizes of granules there are 4 groups of materials in the authors' experience: 1) The micron size particles (1-50 microns) or powder, in which dispersion can be adjusted by synthesis conditions (the problem of the preparation of these materials is considered separately). 2) Particles with a size of 0.25-0.5 mm. 3) Particles with a size of 0.5-1.0 mm. 4) Particles with a size of 1.0-2.0 mm. The present work is devoted to manufacturing the last 3 groups of granules. The preparation of these materials is possible by many methods, including rolling, pressing, extrusion and crushing HA ceramic blocks with subsequent fractionation. The authors successfully applied two technologies to make granulated HA: 1) Milling of sintered compact HA with subsequent sieving on fractionation. 2) Rolling in a plate-type teflon granulator.","PeriodicalId":294120,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Fifteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115658396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimation of conduction velocity of A/spl delta/ fibers using heat-pain related somatosensory evoked potentials in humans","authors":"A. Roy, S. Harkins","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1996.493166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1996.493166","url":null,"abstract":"The authors' study evaluated the utility of a contact thermal stimulator in determination of conduction velocity (CV) of small cutaneous fibers subserving thermal pain (nociception) sensitivity in humans. The stimulator delivers a brief duration, fast rise-time heat pulse to the skin without contamination of other sensory modalities. Pain somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to thermal stimuli were digitally filtered, selectively averaged and Woody filtered to improve their signal-to-noise ratio. The CV of A/spl delta/ fibers was estimated from the difference of the peak latencies of the arm and leg cortical potentials. The authors' studies show that the CV from these SEPs is consistent with their arising from A/spl delta/ thermal nociceptors.","PeriodicalId":294120,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Fifteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"1246 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122695785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interactions between bone and hydroxyapatite filled 4 META/MMA-TBB adhesive cement in vitro and in physiological environment","authors":"R. Lee, M. Ogiso, A. Watanabe, N. Nakabayashi","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1996.493103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1996.493103","url":null,"abstract":"These studies examined the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) filled PMMA-4 META cement in bone. The cement's liquid portion was of 4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META), methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer, and initiator tri-n-butyl borane (TBB). Powder was of 50 wt.% polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and 50 wt.% porous HA particles. In vitro study showed the tensile bond strength was reversibly proportional to HA filler content and size. All specimens were evaluated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vivo study of 4 dogs for 4 and 12 weeks showed HA filled PMMA-4 META cement stabilizes the cement-bone interface. All microscopic examinations showed not only exposed HA particles at the surface of the apatite filled resin cement but demonstrated areas of direct bone apposition with no fibrous tissue, also in the resin portion. This reinforces the importance in inducing bone apposition and thus contributing to the overall implant-cement stability.","PeriodicalId":294120,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Fifteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132357084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. P. Arsenjev, P. A. Arsenjev, N. Saratovskaja, M. J. Sheinin
{"title":"Calcium hydroxylapatite synthesis","authors":"A. P. Arsenjev, P. A. Arsenjev, N. Saratovskaja, M. J. Sheinin","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1996.493281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1996.493281","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium hydroxylapatite (Ca/sub 10/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 6/(OH)/sub 2/, HA) has been recently finding application in clinical practice. Synthetic HA is used in hard tissue replacement application. The technique of making an HA surface coating on ceramic and titanium endoprotheses has been developed. The introduction of HA in dental filling materials allows one to obtain filling physical properties most similar to those of tooth tissues.","PeriodicalId":294120,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Fifteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133690306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies on contact activation after heparin application on patients undergoing end-prosthetic hip implantation and hip replacement","authors":"W. Heller, H. Wendel","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1996.493288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1996.493288","url":null,"abstract":"Within the context of the present study an investigation on the physiology of clotting was conducted in three groups each consisting of 12 patients, who had to undergo a total end-prosthetic hip implantation (TEPH) for the first time. For all three patient groups an activation of both systems was to be observed with the TEPH-implantation, but there were no statistically striking differences between the three groups. Thus in the case of the kallikrein-like activity an intraoperative rise of over 37% was registered, while at the same point in time there was only a 4% reduction in the prekallikrein activity. Postoperatively a 10% rise in the prekallikrein activity was observed.","PeriodicalId":294120,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Fifteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131770612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neural network classification of spatio-temporal EEG readiness potentials","authors":"A. Barreto, A. Taberner, L.M. Vicente","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1996.493116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1996.493116","url":null,"abstract":"The detection of spatio-temporal scalp EEG patterns associated with voluntary motion preparation towards the development of a brain-computer interface (BCI) is explored. The rationale for the use of a spatio-temporal approach to this detection problem is explained. The need for a temporal or dynamic classifier is confirmed by demonstration of the lack of robustness in static neural network classifiers with respect to time alignment of the patterns under analysis. The results from dynamic classifiers, such as the Time Delay Neural Network (TDNN) and the Gamma Neural Network are presented in terms of their Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves.","PeriodicalId":294120,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Fifteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132283648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determination of the ligamentous and contact forces in the human tibio-femoral joint using a three-dimensional dynamic anatomical model","authors":"E. Abdel-Rahman, M. S. Hefzy, T. Cooke","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.1996.493229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.1996.493229","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes for the first time the three-dimensional dynamic response of the tibio-femoral joint when subjected to sudden external loads utilizing a three-dimensional dynamic anatomical model. This model consists of two body segments in contact (the femur and the tibia) executing a general three-dimensional dynamic motion within the constraints of the ligamentous structures. Each of the articular surfaces at the tibio-femoral joint was represented by a separate mathematical function. The joint ligaments were modeled as nonlinear elastic springs. The six-degrees-of-freedom joint motions were characterized using six kinematic parameters and ligamentous forces were expressed in terms of these six parameters. Model equations consist of nonlinear second order ordinary differential equations coupled with nonlinear algebraic constraints. An algorithm was developed to solve this Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAE) system employing a DAE solver, namely the Differential/Algebraic System Solver (DASSL) developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Model calculations show that as the knee was flexed from 15/spl deg/ to 90/spl deg/, it underwent internal tibial rotation. However, in the first 15 degrees of knee flexion, this trend was reversed: the tibia rotated internally as the knee was extended from 15/spl deg/ to full extension. This finding is important since it is in agreement with the emerging thought of the need to re-evaluate the so called \"screw-home mechanism\".","PeriodicalId":294120,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1996 Fifteenth Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115393420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}