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Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)最新文献

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CAD for circuits with piezoelectric devices 带有压电器件的电路CAD
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887362
R. Rhea
{"title":"CAD for circuits with piezoelectric devices","authors":"R. Rhea","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887362","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decade commercial software packages for circuit design matured concurrent with PC operating systems. Although optimized for general-purpose design, when used imaginatively, they are useful for circuits that employ piezoelectric devices. This paper illustrates CAD for such circuits with simple examples as the vehicle. The GENESYS 7 suite from Eagleware Corporation is used but the techniques are applicable to other CAD tools. A 4-section bulk-quartz resonator 9 MHz ladder bandpass filter and a SAW resonator 900 MHz oscillator are used to illustrate a few selected CAD techniques for circuits with piezoelectric devices including: 1. Synthesis; 2. Equation defined parameters; 3. Component influences; 4. Standard values; 5. Component tolerances; 6. Resonator cross coupling; 7. Oscillator design methodology; 8. Oscillator loaded Q; 9. Device current; 10. Optimization; 11. Load pulling.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125276014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Evaluation of two non-standard techniques for the phase noise characterization at microwave frequencies 评估微波频率相位噪声表征的两种非标准技术
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887409
O. Llopis, J.B. Juraver, M. Regis, M. Chaubet, J. Graffeuil
{"title":"Evaluation of two non-standard techniques for the phase noise characterization at microwave frequencies","authors":"O. Llopis, J.B. Juraver, M. Regis, M. Chaubet, J. Graffeuil","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887409","url":null,"abstract":"Two different phase noise measurement techniques dedicated to the test of microwave free running oscillators are described and compared. The interest of an injection locking technique for the characterization of the close to carrier performance of low phase noise DROs is shown through different measurements examples on state-of-the-art DRO at C and X band.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129977705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Recent measurements of material constants versus temperature for langatate, langanite and langasite langate, langanite和langasite材料常数随温度变化的最新测量
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887354
D. Malocha, M. D. da Cunha, E. Adler, R. Smythe, S. Frederick, M. Chou, R. Helmbold, Y.S. Zhou
{"title":"Recent measurements of material constants versus temperature for langatate, langanite and langasite","authors":"D. Malocha, M. D. da Cunha, E. Adler, R. Smythe, S. Frederick, M. Chou, R. Helmbold, Y.S. Zhou","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887354","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements, experiments and extracted parameters of the material constants of langatate (LGT), langanite (LGN), and langasite (LGS) versus temperature are presented from work conducted at the University of Central Florida. The data presented is from material grown by Crystal Photonics,, Inc. and is part of a contract on growth, characterization and device implementation of these materials. Parameters presented include the material expansion and mass density coefficients, stiffness constants, and dielectric constants. A paper in this proceedings by R. Smythe, et. al., presents the determination of the piezoelectric constants. Discussion of the experimental technique using swept frequency scattering parameter data (S/sub 11/) for obtaining pulse echo data, and capacitance measurements are presented. Comparison of results to preciously published and current data on BAW and SAW parameters is provided. Important parameter contour plots for LGS and LGN slow-shear mode are given. TCF comparisons for several BAW cuts are presented.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132456015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 87
Lateral field excitation predictions for plates of langasite and isomorphs driven in simple thickness modes 在简单厚度模式下驱动的langasite和同晶板的横向场激发预测
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887350
A. Khan, A. Ballato
{"title":"Lateral field excitation predictions for plates of langasite and isomorphs driven in simple thickness modes","authors":"A. Khan, A. Ballato","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887350","url":null,"abstract":"Lateral-field-excitation calculations have been carried out for several members of the langasite family, using the extended Christoffel-Bechmann method. Calculations were made using published materials constants. The results are presented in terms of the lateral piezoelectric coupling coefficients as functions of in-plane (azimuthal) rotation angle for the three simple thickness vibration modes of some non-rotated, singly rotated and doubly rotated orientations. Results are compared and contrasted between materials and to thickness-field-excitation.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114830970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Direct mapping of the vibration modes of piezoelectric devices using white beam stroboscopic topography at ESRF 利用ESRF的白束频闪形貌直接映射压电器件的振动模式
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887395
B. Capelle, J. Détaint, Y. Epelboin
{"title":"Direct mapping of the vibration modes of piezoelectric devices using white beam stroboscopic topography at ESRF","authors":"B. Capelle, J. Détaint, Y. Epelboin","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887395","url":null,"abstract":"A new topographic method permits a direct mapping of the amplitude of the vibration modes of piezoelectric devices using white beam stroboscopic topography. With this method it is possible to measure the amplitude of the vibration of a thickness shear mode at each point of an AT cut quartz resonator. The principle of this method is based on the use of stroboscopic section topography obtained with the white beam delivered by a third generation synchrotron source.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132722058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Development of a miniature laser-cooled Cs fountain frequency standard at NIST NIST微型激光冷却Cs喷泉频率标准的研制
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887442
T. Heavner, D. Meekhof, D. Kujundzic, S. Jefferts
{"title":"Development of a miniature laser-cooled Cs fountain frequency standard at NIST","authors":"T. Heavner, D. Meekhof, D. Kujundzic, S. Jefferts","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887442","url":null,"abstract":"We are developing a small laser-cooled Cs fountain at NIST with the goal of achieving exceptional short-term stability of /spl sigma//sub y/(/spl tau/)/spl ap/2/spl times/10/sup -14//spl tau//sup -1/2/ with a long-term stability of /spl ap/10/sup -15/. Although this device is not designed to achieve the accuracy of the NIST primary frequency standard NIST-F1, this small, portable system will prove valuable as a local oscillator with intermediate accuracy. We discuss the performance goals of this frequency standard, the design philosophy, the existing physics package, and future directions.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132975904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Langasite surface acoustic wave sensors for high temperatures 高温用Langasite表面声波传感器
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887339
M. Honal, R. Fachberger, T. Holzheu, E. Riha, E. Born, P. Pongratz, A. Bausewein
{"title":"Langasite surface acoustic wave sensors for high temperatures","authors":"M. Honal, R. Fachberger, T. Holzheu, E. Riha, E. Born, P. Pongratz, A. Bausewein","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887339","url":null,"abstract":"Langasite (La/sub 3/Ga/sub 5/SiO/sub 14/) has been used successfully as a piezoelectric substrate for surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices operating up to 1000/spl deg/C. New investigations of material properties concerning the quality as well as the stability at high temperatures are presented. Apart from high temperature measurements on SAW devices and thermal analyses, optical absorption properties and the electric conductivity have been investigated. The crystal quality has been examined by various methods such as X-ray topography and chemical etching combined with optical microscopy for many LGS wafers from different growers.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133528061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Artificial electronic tongue in comparison to the electronic nose. State of the art and trends 人造电子舌与电子鼻的比较。最新的技术和趋势
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887324
P. Hauptmann, R. Borngraeber, J. Schroeder, J. Auge
{"title":"Artificial electronic tongue in comparison to the electronic nose. State of the art and trends","authors":"P. Hauptmann, R. Borngraeber, J. Schroeder, J. Auge","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887324","url":null,"abstract":"Many researchers aim for the development of sensors or sensor systems which are similar or comparable to the human sensory system. Of all the human sensory systems, olfaction is the least understood in terms of the primary receptor mechanism and biological transduction. It is difficult to describe a set of reference odours that describe the olfactory input. A high degree of signal processing takes place in the olfactory system so that compounds of similar chemical structure can give completely different olfactory responses. That is the reason why the understanding of the olfactory system is relatively poor. The situation is comparable in the case of gustation. Nevertheless, there are many practical applications that require a quantitative or qualitative objective recording of odours or taste. In the following the development in the field of electronic tongue is described. It is a relatively new field. The state-of-the-art in understanding of electronic noses and tongues is discussed. They are illustrated describing their working principles, the types of sensors, circuit architectures and features. The applied sensor types are considered more in detail. Future perspectives of electronic tongue systems and their applications are illustrated. Problems which had to be solved yet are discussed.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124998073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Study of the oscillation condition of quartz oscillators by gyrator transformation 用旋转器变换研究石英振荡器的振荡条件
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887399
N. Ratier, M. Addouche, D. Gillet, R. Brendel, J. Delporte
{"title":"Study of the oscillation condition of quartz oscillators by gyrator transformation","authors":"N. Ratier, M. Addouche, D. Gillet, R. Brendel, J. Delporte","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887399","url":null,"abstract":"The calculation of the oscillation condition is one of the main points of oscillator analysis. Its determination in finite terms allows one to calculate the steady state amplitude and frequency of the oscillator. Symbolic solutions provide an additional insight into the behavior of the circuit. As an example the sensitivity of the oscillator to parameter change can be expressed in an exact form. Numerical solutions are not as helpful as symbolic solutions in the design stage. We present a technique, based on the gyrator transformation, to set up the nonlinear equation network in a form suitable to be solved with analytical methods. We develop a symbolic program based on this technique. As an example, the symbolic program is applied to compute the exact expression of the steady state frequency and amplitude of the Van der Pol oscillator and the Colpitts oscillator.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130101122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Frequency and equivalent circuit constant characteristics versus relative humidity for AT-cut quartz resonators at切割石英谐振器的频率和等效电路常数特性与相对湿度的关系
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887340
Y. Shimamoto, M. Kuroiwa, N. Teramoto, S. Wakamoto, H. Imai, M. Nakazawa
{"title":"Frequency and equivalent circuit constant characteristics versus relative humidity for AT-cut quartz resonators","authors":"Y. Shimamoto, M. Kuroiwa, N. Teramoto, S. Wakamoto, H. Imai, M. Nakazawa","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887340","url":null,"abstract":"We propose the use of AT-cut quartz resonators as humidity sensors. This research was conducted experimentally to investigate both nonlinear frequency vs. relative humidity effects and nonlinear equivalent circuit constant vs. relative humidity effects on AT-cut quartz resonators.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121168508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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