{"title":"17 October 1961","authors":"M. Laronde","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvwvr2vr.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr2vr.13","url":null,"abstract":"This entry focuses on the resistance against the erasure of institutional violence from collective memory during the Algerian War in France with the example of the 17 October 1961 massacre of North Africans in Paris. As part of an ongoing effort to correct the state’s misrepresentation of the event to the nation, a plaque was inaugurated by the mayor of Paris, Bertrand Delanoë, on October 17, 2001, to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of the event. The image of the plaque that reads ‘In memory of the many Algerians killed during the bloody repression of the peaceful demonstration of 17 October 1961’ resonates also in other cities around Paris as a corrective act of the great national narrative. Plaques and the renaming of streets, squares and public loci as ‘17 October 1961’ are memory initiatives that ensure the transition from state lie to the historical transformation of one of the traumatic situations embedded along the fractured lines between the colonial and the post-colonial. Plaques are akin to sites of memory, part of the process of healing traumas by keeping them alive in the present and represent the engagement of the post-colonial period towards correcting the distortions of silenced history.","PeriodicalId":291835,"journal":{"name":"Postcolonial Realms of Memory","volume":"53 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130766526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Le Bagne","authors":"C. Forsdick","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvwvr2vr.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr2vr.23","url":null,"abstract":"The bagne retains an ambiguous status as a lieu de mémoire, in part because of its predominantly extra-metropolitan location, in part because most understandings of the institution rely heavily on representations freighted via literature, film and graphic fiction. In French Guiana and New Caledonia, the bagne was nevertheless the major driver in the attempted mise en valeur of those colonies in the face of varying degrees of resistance to settlement. Moreover, France’s carceral archipelago extended beyond those key sites to include penal colonies in North and Sub-Saharan Africa as well as Indochina. The essay scrutinizes the rich body of material that has served as a vehicle for memories of the institution, but uses a focus on contemporary memorial practices in French Guiana and New Caledonia to suggest a distinct divergence in forms of interpretation, especially regarding the place of the penal colony in colonial expansionism. Although until recent years the bagne has often acted as more of a postcolonial lieu d’oubli, in a context of complex postcolonial politics and of growing interest in penal heritage its status as a lieu de mémoire is becoming increasingly apparent.","PeriodicalId":291835,"journal":{"name":"Postcolonial Realms of Memory","volume":"358 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133535197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Banlieues","authors":"Hervé Tchumkam","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvwvr2vr.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr2vr.12","url":null,"abstract":"The fall 2005 riots in France unveiled a war of representation about France’s past and present, and also sparked the reference to imperial legacies to examine current social disqualification and racial discrimination in France. This essay examines the close relationship between banlieues and memory in contemporary France, with a special emphasis on the analogy between the outskirts of major French cities populated mainly by the heirs of African migrations to Europe and the colonies. This reading of the banlieues that builds on the war of memories contends that present ideologies in France are part of an emerging global belief in the ‘clash of civilizations’. Ultimately, this paper argues that it is urgent that the banlieues cease to be perceived as lawless zones to become real lieux de mémoire that can constitute a site where both the French State and its citizens of African heritage can converge around a healed common memory.","PeriodicalId":291835,"journal":{"name":"Postcolonial Realms of Memory","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133277286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Couscous","authors":"Sylvie Durmelat","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvwvr2vr.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr2vr.39","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes to consider couscous, a North African specialty and a favourite dish of the French, as an edible site of memory. Displacing the focus from gastronomy, a discourse of national culinary superiority, to a single dish, I retrace the irresistible ascent of couscous to fame in the French culinary pantheon. The military conquest and colonization of Algeria familiarized French diners with the dish and associated it with forms of racialized and sexualized colonial burlesque in songs and vaudeville. Settlers appropriated it as terroir to claim their “Algérianité.” North African immigration and decolonization created a de facto market of consumers in France, while the industrialization of food production made this preparation into a valuable commodity and a ready-made meal, obfuscating its colonial roots. The French’s affection for couscous is often hailed as a sign of tolerance in an otherwise divisive and fraught public conversation about immigration, identity, and discrimination. However, couscous’ colonial baggage and racialized legacy continue to resonate, shaping tastes, and informing political rhetoric as well as cultural hierarchies. The (after)taste of empire lingers on at a granular level, as edible memory.","PeriodicalId":291835,"journal":{"name":"Postcolonial Realms of Memory","volume":"920 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116184378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Memorials and Museums","authors":"R. Aldrich","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvwvr2vr.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr2vr.18","url":null,"abstract":"In the age of empire, colonial promoters sought to mark the very landscape of France with reminders of France’s empire: statues, war memorials, museum collections and buildings. With decolonization, and a period of ‘colonial amnesia’ that followed it, the fate of these memorial sites was brought into question, many left neglected or viewed with discomfort. In recent years, France has rediscovered its colonial past (and its legacy in contemporary issues) and ‘repurposed’ some of the old monuments, though the treatment of extant memorials and the erection of new sites suggests the ambivalence still felt about the colonial past. This essay discusses lieux de mémoire in Paris and the provinces, placing the material heritage of colonialism in the context of the colonial and post-colonial periods and France’s confrontation with the imperial record.","PeriodicalId":291835,"journal":{"name":"Postcolonial Realms of Memory","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122577761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Les Tirailleurs sénégalais","authors":"D. Murphy","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvwvr2vr.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr2vr.29","url":null,"abstract":"This essay explores the history of the tirailleurs sénégalais, a corps of colonial infantrymen founded in 1857. The tirailleurs were initially deployed to aid the French in the ‘pacification’ of their West African Empire but they made their mark on metropolitan France when they served in their tens of thousands in the First World War, distinguishing themselves in major battles, including the famous victory at Verdun. In the aftermath of the war, the image of a cartoonish, wide-eyed, smiling tirailleur sénégalais on packets of the popular Banania powdered chocolate drink, still used today, arguably became the most important site of French colonial memory.","PeriodicalId":291835,"journal":{"name":"Postcolonial Realms of Memory","volume":"355 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132600154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La Case créole","authors":"Julia Waters","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvwvr2vr.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr2vr.17","url":null,"abstract":"This essay focuses on the evolution of the humble case créole on Île de la Réunion, as physical ‘crystallisation’ of the various stages of the island’s colonial history and of the diverse cultural influences that have shaped its abiding features. As reflected in contemporary Reunionnese literature, the case créole also offers a potent symbol of a lost ‘art de vivre réunionnais’ and, implicitly, of marked, colonial-era racial and social divisions. Despite the seemingly ineluctable disappearance of the case créole as a living, lived-in milieu, recent developments paradoxically signal the enduring resilience and adaptability of this most evocative of (neo)colonial lieux de mémoire.","PeriodicalId":291835,"journal":{"name":"Postcolonial Realms of Memory","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125600313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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