39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control最新文献

{"title":"Strip Type Resonator of Lithium Tetraborate","authors":"Y. Fujiwara, M. Ono, M. Sakai, N. Wakatsuki","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200868","url":null,"abstract":"FUJITSU LIMITED 1015 Kamikodanaka Nakahara-ku Kawasaki 211 , JAPAN The t h i c k n e s s s h e a r s l o w mode of 51° ro ta ted Y-cut l i t h i u m t e t r a b o r a t e h a s z e r o t e m p e r a t u r e c o e f f i c i e n t o n f i r s t o r d e r , a h igh coup l ing c o e f f i c i e n t o f 26% and v e l o c i t y o f 3240 m/sec. The c o u p l i n g c o e f f i c i e n t o f t h i c k n e s s s h e a r first mode i s z e r o , t h a t o f t h e t h i c k n e s s e x t e n s i o n mode i s 2 0 . 5 % a n d t h e v e l o c i t y i n t h i c k n e s s e x t e n s i o n mode is 6880 m/sec. We h a v e s t u d i e d t h e s t r i p t y p e r e s o n a t o r o f 51° r o t a t e d Y-cut p l a t e . W i t h t h e l o n g i t u d i n a l d i r e c t i o n s e t up p a r a l l e l t o t h e d i s p l a c e m e n t d i r e c t i o n ( p a r a l l e l t o Z ' a x i s ) , t h e s t r i p t y p e r e s o n a t o r o p e r a t e s i n s i n g l e mode. The w i d t h o f t h e s t r i p p l a t e is d e s i g n e d t o s e p a r a t e t h e main mode f rom spur ious modes which a r e g e n e r a t e d by t h e s h e a r mode t r a v e l i n g l a t e r a l l y and r e f l e c t e d a t t h e e d g e o f s t r i p . The opt imum r a t i o o f e l e m e n t w i d t h t o t h i c k n e s s is 4.0. The l e n g t h o f t h e s t r ip p l a t e is d e s i g n e d t o r e a l i z e small s i z e b u t t o k e e p a h igh Q and t o b e f r e e f rom edge r e f l ec t ion . The optimum r a t i o of e l e m e n t l e n g t h t o t h i c k n e s s is about 30. The mechanical Q f a c t o r is more than 10,000 and c a p a c i t a n c e r a t i o is 20. The resonance mode i s f r e e f r o m s p u r i o u s r e s p o n s e i n t h e p r a c t i c a l f requency range . The t e m p e r a t u r e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c curve i s a pa rabo la wi th tu rna round po in t a t room tempera ture and the second order tempera ture c o e f f i c i e n t i s -0.26 ppm/OC2. 1 . I n t r o d u c t i o n E l e c t r o n i c d e v i c e s a r e b e c o m i n g more and more d i g i t i z e d and m i n i a t u r i z e d , g r e a t l y i n c r e a s i n g t h e demand f o r s t a b l e c h i p t y p e r e s o n a t o r s . T h e r e f o r e , m e c h a n i c a l r e s o n a t o r s u s i n g p i e z o e l e c t r i c m a t e r i a l are a t t r a c t i n g a t t e n t i o n d u e t o t h e i r h i g h Q , h igh s t a b i l i t y , and small s i z e . Many p i e z o e l e c t r i c materials, q u a r t z , LiTaO3, LiNb03, Li2B407, and p i e z o e l e c t r i c ce ramics , have been s tud ied fo r u se i n bu lk a c o u s t i c wave dev ices , u sed in the f r equency r ange f r o m s e v e r a l MHz t o s e v e r a l t e n s o f MHz. because of its low t empera tu re coe f f i c i en t and h i g h s t a b i l i t y , b u t it h a s a low electro-mechanical c o u p l i n g f a c t o r , so t h a t i t is d i f f i c u l t t o make a m i n i a t u r e r e s o n a t o r o f q u a r t z ","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128748417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Oscillator for the GPS Program","authors":"G. Marotel, G. Caret, J. Aubry","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200847","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130886731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer Analysis of Colpitts Crystal Oscillator","authors":"T. Adachi, Motoyoshi Hirose, Y. Tsuzuki","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200841","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel analyzing method o f crystal oscillators is described. In an ordinary oscillator, such as colpitts oscillator, an oscillation can be achieved by connecting a crystal resonator to an active circuit having a capacitive reactance and a negative resistance . In the present method, the negative resistance and equivalent capacitance of the circuit are first calculated by use of a circuit simulation program based on nonlinear models of active devices. Then the oscillation frequency and its signal level are obtained for a specified crystal resonator. In this work calculations have been made on a colpitts oscillator widely used in the frequency range up to 3 0 MHz. The important design parameters of the oscillator, such as the l vel and the frequency dependences of both the equivalent capacitance and the negative resistance, the oscillation frequency and level and the oscillation frequency change due to the power supply voltage variation, have been calculated with satisfactory agreements with measurements. It is concluded from these results that this analyzing method is useful for the analysis and design of crystal oscillators.","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125994327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Errors in Servo Systems Using Sinusoidal Frequency (Phase) Modulation","authors":"F. Walls","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200825","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"272 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117348742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser Processed Miniature LiTaO3Resonators and Monolithics Filters","authors":"R. Lefèvre, L. Jenselme, D. Servajean","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200864","url":null,"abstract":"Because o f i t ' s h i g h Q and large electro-mechanica l coup l i ng coe f f i c i en t , L i t h ium Tan ta la te (LiTaO,) i s a very a t t rac t i ve mater ia l fo r p iezoe lec t r i c resonators and m o n o l i t h i c f i l t e r s which cannot be r e a l i z e d by Quartz or Ceramics. Theses p roper t i es and good f r e quency temperature character is t ics [ l ] a l l o w r e a l i z a t i o n o f l a r g e r e l a t i v e b a n d w i d t h f i l t e r s and l a r g e resonance frequency sh i f t r esona to rs . On the other hand, min ia ture resonators and m o n o l i t h i c f i l t e r s a r e expanding rapidly : They are used espec ia l l y i n mob i l e equipments such as portable measuring instruments, c e l l u l a r Radio, conventional mobile radio, electronic clocks... [ 2 ] .","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114826293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Results on a Frequency Standard Based on a Rubidium 87 Maser","authors":"M. Tetu, R. Brousseau, N. Cyr, A. Michaud, P. Tremblay, B. Villenewe","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200819","url":null,"abstract":"This paper gives some experimental results related to the study and the development of an atomic frequency standard using a rubidium 87 maser as the reference oscillator. The main features of the maser design are a sealed quartz coated bulb, a mixture of N2-CH4 buffer gas, an atmospheric pressure proof enclosure, a threefold oven and a four-layer magnetic shield. The characteristics of these features are presented. The design of a modular low noise coherent receiver needed to phaselock the quartz oscillator is also discussed and its phase noise contribution, measured. The transfer of frequency stability between the maser and the quartz oscillator is tudied experimentally for short averaging times. A preliminary measurement of the mid term frequency stability is also obtained and an estimated overall performance of the frequency standard is given.","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126529566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Studies on Majorana Transitions in a Cs Atomic Beam Frequency Standard","authors":"A. Bauch, T. Heindorff","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200810","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134415887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Trapped Energy Resonators with Tabs","authors":"H. Sekimoto, H. Nakata, M. Miura","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200875","url":null,"abstract":"A simple theoretical model is presented for analyzing the effects of tab electrodes on trapped energy resonators with rectangular electrodes. A tab of a strip type extending along the 2' axis on an AT- cut rectangular plate is treated. The model is based on the mode- matching method so that it can accurately describe two-dimensional displacement fields. Equations that determine the resonant frequen- cies, mode shapes, and mode strength are derived. The calculated re- sults of resonant frequencies and inductances for AT-cut third overtone resonators are compared with measured results. It is shown from the comparison between experiment and theory that the model predicts well the strong acoustical effects of tabs on anharmonic trapped modes having phase reversals in the tab direction and little effect on the main and other anharmonic spurious modes. This paper presents a simple theoretical model for ana- lyzing the effects of tab electrodes on trapped energy res- onators with rectangular electrodes. A tab of strip type extending along the Z' axis on an AT-cut rectangular plate is treated. The model, which is an extension of the pre- vious one (3), is based on the mode-matching method and so can be applied to trapped modes decaying exponen- tially and also untrapped modes with a sinusoidal varia- tion along the tab. Experimental measurements of reso- nant frequencies and mode strength for anharmonic modes on third overtone AT-cut quartz resonators are provided to substantiate the theory's validity. Calculated and mea- sured results show that the tabs have a strong acoustical effect on anharmonic spurious modes with phase reversals in the tab direction and little effect on the main and other spurious modes.","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134267615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemically Milled VHF and UHF AT-Cut Resonators","authors":"J. R. Hunt, R. Smythe","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200859","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116290029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Motorola Multi-Pole Monolithic Filter Project","authors":"L. N. Lhorsky, C. Shanley","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200889","url":null,"abstract":"A &pole VHF monolithic crystal filter and a crystal resonator on a single crystal blank have been designed and are being manufactured for use in a radio pager. This paper reviews the design of the device, emphasizing how the various design specifications led to a set of manufacturing tolerances which in turn influenced the design of the device and the fabrication processes. These fabrication processes are detailed in a companion paper [l].","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123859558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}