39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control最新文献

{"title":"A Novel Synthesiser for Miniature SSB Radio Equipment","authors":"C. Richardson","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200843","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increasing requirement for small portable HF SSB radio equipment. A major problem encountered when designing such equipment is the lack of a simple inexpensive frequency synthesiser design which combines high resolution, low noise, low power requirements and small size. Two popular techniques normally used in modern SSB radio equipment include the Fractional N and Multi Loop systems. Both of these are difficult to miniaturise without loss of performance. The limitations of the above synthesiser systems are discussed in this paper. An alternative technique which meets the main requirements is also covered. This system employs a simple divide by N loop with a wide channel spacing. Interpolation between the channels is achieved by controlling the loop reference oscillator frequency. The interpolation can be modified by time sharing between two discrete frequencies produced by the oscillator, or an analogue proportional control can be used. Both methods are discussed. Details of an LSI chip designed for synthesiser systems using this technique is also given.","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123044745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Satellite Oscillator for Very Precise Orbitography : the Doris Program","authors":"A. Debaisieux, J. Aubry, E. Gérard, M. Brunet","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200846","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120974527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fractal Dimension of Phase and Frequency Noises: Another Approach to Oscillator Characterization","authors":"J. Gagnepain, J. Groslambert, R. Brendel","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200828","url":null,"abstract":"An e v a l u a t i o n i s made o f t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f a p p l y i n g M a n d e l b r o t ' s c o n c e p t o f f r a c t a l s t o t h e c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f no ises and i n p a r t i c u l a r of phase and $requency f l u c t u a t i o n s . Two methods are considered. The f i r s t one c o n s i s t s i n m e a s u r i n g w i t h a gauge t h e appar e n t l e n g t h o f t h e s i g n a l : t h e f r a c t a l d i m e n s i o n o f w h i t e and random walk no i ses a re ca l cu la ted with this method. The second one i s based on the space f i l l i n g a b i l i t y o f t h e s i g n a l . The method i s a p p l i e d t o l / f a noises, which are s imulated on a computer, by superpos i t i o n o f l o r e n t z i a n s p e c t r a , f o r i n t e g e r and m inte g e r v a l u e s o f t h e c o e f f i c i e n t a . The dependence nf the f r a c t a l d i m e n s i o n D as a f u n c t i o n o f t h e spectral dms i t y i s es tab l i shed.","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125947256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties of Low-Expansion Materials for Hydrogen Maser Cavities","authors":"E. Mattison, R. Vessot, S. Jacobs","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200821","url":null,"abstract":"We have measured thermal and mechanical properties of four low-expansion materials that are candidates for use in hydrogen maser resonant cavities: Cer-Vit@ C-l01 and C-126, ULE', and Zerodur@. Thermal expansivities were measured at room temperature and after heating the samples to 3OO0C and to 700°C. The approximate expansivities, (1/L) (dL/dT) , in units of 10-8 OC-1, are: Cer-Vit C126, -40; Cer-Vit C101, -13; Zerodur, -12 to -6; and ULE, +5. Zerodur's expansivity decreased in magnitude by 50% after heating to 7OO0C, while the expansivities of ULE and Cl01 remained substantially unchanged.","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123793201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Crystal Orientation on the Surface Texture of Chemically Etched Quartz Plates, the Case of Cuts Close to the AT Cut","authors":"C. Tellier","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200858","url":null,"abstract":"The changes in profilometry traces depend on the orientation. In particular the size of dissolution figures is very affected by prolonged etching only for some typical orientations (AT-37, AT cut). The decrease in the roughness parameters with the depth of etch may be understood, with respect to the orientation, in terms of stable or continuously moving etch patterns. Surface textures characteristic of the crystal orientation are revealed by the SEM micrographs which agree well with the surface profilometry traces.","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125515250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing Crystal Oscillators for Improved Phase-Noise Performance","authors":"A. Benjaminson","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200834","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114934814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Further Results on the Contour Dependence of the Frequency-Temperature Characteristic of SC-Cut Resonators","authors":"J. Kosinski","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200877","url":null,"abstract":"Vig, Filler, and Washington have reported the change in slope of the frequencytemperature characteristic of plano-convex SC-cut resonators, measured at the inflection temperature, as a function of blank contour. This change in slope can be thought of in terms of an \"apparent angle shift.\" The change, however, is only apparent as the uncontoured side of the blank remains unchanged and retains its original orientation relative to the crystal axes. Stevens and Tiersten, on the other hand, have calculated the real changes in the angles of cut necessary to produce zero-temperature coefficient resonators at 25OC for designs of different radii of curvature. In this paper, the best available approximation for the angle dependence of the SC-cut frequency-temperature characteristic is applied to compare Vig's empirical results and Stevens and Tiersten's theoretical results. In the process, the empirical studies which were begun by Vig et al. were continued and expanded. K e y w o r d s : Q u a r t z c r y s t a l , q u a r t z resonator,SC-cut, frequency-temperature characteristic, blank contour, radius of In the course of establishing this correlation, some related topics of interest will also be discussed. First, the need to reference the recontouring coefficients to some chosen reference temperature will be established. Second, the changes in the inflection temperature during recontouring will be presented. Third, the recontouring coefficients will be shown to be a function of blank contour. Finally, the change in the slope of the SC-cut frequency-temperature characteristic as a result of simple thickness changes will be examined. METHOD OF COMPARISON Denoting the slope of the frequency temperature characteristic as S, we see that Vig has reported (dS/dCITi, where C is the contour in diopters. Stevens and Tiersten presented graphs of vs. R and 0 vs. R, the a n g l e s o f c u t n e c e s s a r y t o p r o d u c e zero-temperature coefficient resonators at 25OC when different radii of curvature are used. To analyze the two sets of data we use4 curvature, frequency-temperature coefficients, angle gradients. and INTRODUCTION Vig et a1.l have reported the change in the slope of the frequency-temperature characteristic of plano-convex SC-cut resonators, measured at the inflection temperature, as a function of blank contour. This change in slope can be thought of in terms of an \"apparent angle shift.\" This change, however, is only apparent as the uncontoured side of the blank remains unchanged, and retains it original orientation relative to the crystal axes. Stevens and T i e r ~ t e n , ~ , ~ o n t h e o t h e r h a n d , h a v e calculated the real changes in the angles of cut necessary to produce zero-temperature coefficient resonators at 25OC for designs of different radii of curvature. In this work, the correlation between these two sets of data will be established. where (d /dR)z5 and (dO/dR)25 are the slopes of the curves published by Stevens and Tier","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129972624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Ultra-Miniature Rubidium Frequency Standard","authors":"K. Chiba, T. Hashi","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200817","url":null,"abstract":"An u l t r a -min ia tu re , gene ra l -pu rpose rub id ium gas ce l l f r equency s t anda rd has been des igned and i n v e s t i g a t e d e x p e r i m e n t a l l y , w i t h t h e aim of deve loping one of the smallest atomic frequency s t anda rds ye t deve loped . Th i s pape r desc r ibes t h e d e t a i l s o f t h e d e s i g n c o n c e p t and t h e e x p e r i mental results ob ta ined so f a r .","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128916905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Note on \"Ballato's Angle Increment\"","authors":"J. H. Sherman","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200880","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123704665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystal Growth, Physical Caracterization and BAW Devices Applications of Berlinite","authors":"J. Détaint, E. Philippot, J. Jumas, J. Schwartzel, A. Zarka, B. Capelle, J. Doukhan","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200850","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129696779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}