39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control最新文献

{"title":"1/f Frequency Fluctuations in Acoustic and Other Stable Oscillators","authors":"T. Parker","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200826","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127166638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Highly Stabilized Semiconductor Laser and Its Application to Optically Pumped Rb Atomic Clock","authors":"M. Ohtsu, M. Hashimoto, H. Ozawa","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200816","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency stability of 1 x 1 0-1 at T = 100 S was obtained for 0.8 u m AlGaAs laser by using spectral lines of Rb vapor as frequency references. It was confirmed that this value of the stability was as high as the value limited by spontaneous emission noise. Through an analysis based on a semiclassical Langevints equation, it was estimated that the stability can be improved to as high as reduction was also tried to improve the coherence of the semiconductor laser. A novel technique, i.e., electrical feedback, was proposed for this reduction instead of using a conventional technique of optical feedback. The linewidth was stably reduced by this technique. The minimum value obtained was 330 kHz for an InGaAsP laser at 1.5 p m, which was fifteen times narrower than that of a free-running laser. It was estimated that the linewidth can be ultimatelyreducedtoa value less than 1 kHz by this technique. Experiments on optical pumping for Rb atomic clock were carried out by using the highly stabilized semiconductor laser mentioned above. As the first step, experiments on saturated absorption spectroscopy of 87Rb D2 lines were carried out. Eleven lines, including cross-resonance lines, were clearly observed. As the next step, double resonance signal was obtained by laser optical pumping. The microwave frequency shift by the laser frequency and power were measured. The microwave frequency stability was also evaluated. Furthermore, a comment on the spectral lifetime of semiconductor laser for Rb atomic clock was given. 1.7 x 10-14 -112. Spectral linewidth","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127506395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time Scale Stabilities Based on Time and Frequency Kalman Filters","authors":"J. A. Barnes, D. Allan","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200827","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131028459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Growth of High Quality Quartz in Commercial Autoclaves","authors":"A. Armington, J. F. Balascio","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200849","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrothermal growth runs were performed i n b o t h commerc ia l and research au toc laves in an e f for t to ach ieve h ighe r pu r i ty a lpha qua r t z w i th a minimum of d is loca t ions . These runs employed both sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate as mine ra l i ze r s . It w a s found tha t the impur i ty concent ra t ion of aluminum can be rout ine ly reduced to be low 0.5 p a r t s p e r m i l l i o n wi thou t t he use of a l i n e r . The a v e r a g e d i s l o c a t i o n count can be reduced by a t least an o rde r o f magnit ude wi th the use o f spec ia l s eeds .","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131693003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Total Process Control Techniques in the Production of High Precision Quartz Resonators","authors":"J. Kusters, C. A. Adams","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200887","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125728776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Natural, Swept Natural, and Cultured X- and Z-Growth Quartz Material in High Temperature, High Stress Applications","authors":"J. Kusters, G. Kaitz","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200848","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114208043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monolithic Crystal Filters Having Improved Intermodulation & Power Handling Capability","authors":"M. D. Howard, R. Smythe, P. Morley","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200890","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies of elastic non-linearity in quartz resonators suggest that power handling capabilities and in-band intermodulation performance could be improved by using BTor SC-cut resonators in filter realization. These improvements have potential advantages in spectrum cleanup applications, where increased power handling capability may offer better signal to noise ratios, and in communications system applications where receiver and transmitter exciter characteristics are limited by existing filter n ermodulation perf rmance. Improvements are not btained without penalty. Increases in impedance level, Co/C1 ratio and frequency change with temperature cause degradation of other performance parameters. These design trade-off's are discussed. filters in the frequency range 25 MHz to 125 MHz are Results on SCand BT-cut monolithic crystal presented. Data include measurements of conventional filter parameters as well as those relating to elastic non-linearities. Measurements of the motional and coupling parameters of SCand BT-cut two-pole monolithic devices are compared with theoretical predictions. Introduction Over the past decade or so advances in semiconductor technology have lead to the development of active devices with improved linearity and power handling capabilities. As active circuits have improved, the quartz crystal filter has become one of the limiting factors when low levels of third order intermodulation product (IM3) are required. In the past, improvements in IM3 generated in AT-cut quartz crystal filters have been achieved by improving processing techniques [ l ] and by the development of theory to assist in analyzing the anelastic properties of AT-cut quartz and its contribution to I M ~ generation [2,3,4], which in turn allows the optimization of design variables. However, the next generation of military H.F. radios is expected to demand even more stringent IM3 performance from crystal filters. Also, in order to improve exciter signal-tonoise ratios it is desirable to have as much signal amplification as possible before filtering. To achieve these objectives filters capable of handling higher power levels while still operating in a linear manner are needed. Concurrent with these pressing requirements are the demands of next generation instrumentation. As quieter, more linear measurement systems are required for the development of electronic warfare and global positioning systems the demands on spectrum clean-up filters l i k e wise become more stringent. Non-linearities in resonators can be considered as being of four types: 1) Non-linearity of effective series resistance, an effect which is often related to surface condition and surface contamination. This effect is largely process related and, providing units are fabricated in a similar manner and have similar surface motions, is expected to be similar for all cuts. The filter parameters most affected are out-of-band intermodulation performance, and variation in loss at low signal","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133526304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doppler-Free Two-Photon Laser Spectroscopy of HgII","authors":"J. Bergquist, D. Wineland, W. Itano, H. Hemmati, H. Daniel, G. Leuchs","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200823","url":null,"abstract":"The Doppler-free, two-photon 5d1' 6 s ?Sll2-5d9 6s2 2D5!2 t r a n s i t i o n i n s i n g l y i o n i z e d Hg, a t t r a c t i v e a s a n o p t i c a l f r e q u e n c y s t a n d a r h a s b e e n o b s e r v e d f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e . A few ions were confined in a r a d i o f r e q u e n c y ( r f ) t r a p and the two-pho ton t r ans i t i on was d e t e c t e d by mon i to r ing t he change i n t he f l uo rescence l i gh t s c a t t e r e d by the ions f rom a l a s e r beam t u n e d t o t h e f i r s t r e s o n a n c e t r a n s i t i o n a t 194 nm. The r a d i a t i v e l i f e t i m e o f t h e s t a t e and t h e a b s o l u t e wavenumber o f t he two-pho ton t r ans i t i on were measured t o b e 0 . 0 9 0 ( 1 5 ) S and 17 757.15?(3) cm-' r e s p e c t i v e l y .","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"7 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114131375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Quartz Crystal Thickness Shear and Twist Modes Using a New Noninterferometric Laser Speckle Measurement Method","authors":"S. Hertl, E. Benes, L. Wimmer, M. Schmid","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200895","url":null,"abstract":"The measurement of the mechanical vibration amplitudes of quartz crystals has been carried out by a variety of di ferent me hods. Interferometric methods'-4 firstly were used to investigate out-ofplane vibrations. Enhanced interferometric e ups also allow the measurem nt of in-plane vibrations . Holographic techniques present an instantaneous picture of the whole object, whereas the interferometric methods supply the vibration amplitude distribution point after point. 7 5 ,g","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122087570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defect Centers in Irradiated and Swept Quartz","authors":"A. Kahan, H. Lipson","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1985.200852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1985.200852","url":null,"abstract":"C r y s t a l s were 6oCo i r r a d i a t e d t o s a t u r a t i o n and subseq u e n t l y s w e p t ( e l e c t r o d i f f u s e d ) i n a n a i r atmosphere. For some crys ta l s the combina t ion of as -grown and o ther i n t e rna l hydrogenion sources i s s u f f i c i e n t t o compensate a l l r a d i a t i o n i n d u c e d d i s s o c i a t i n g aluminum-alkali-metal defec t cen ters . For o ther samples the concent r a t i o n of aluminum-ion cen te r s exceeds tha t o f t he ava i l ab le hydrogen i ons . Rad ia t ion induced d i s soc ia t ed hydrogen ions from as-grown OH de fec t s do no t mig ra t e t o r emote s i t e s t o compensa te d i s soc ia t ing a luminumion c e n t e r s . The non-des t ruc t ive i n f r a red t echn ique can be used to de te rmine the subs t i tu t iona l a luminum-ion impur i t y p r o f i l e , and fo r swep t c rys t a l s t he comple t eness of sweeping, on s a m p l e s l a r g e e n o u g h t o f a b r i c a t e h i g h p r e c i s i o n r e s o n a t o r s . The sample i s measured as-rec e i v e d , a f t e r s w e e p i n g , a n d a f t e r i r r a d i a t i o n . A1-OH","PeriodicalId":291824,"journal":{"name":"39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125213072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}