Afaq Hassan , Abdul Haq , Muhammad Arif , Justyna Łuczak , Muhammad Asim Mushtaq , Faizan Kashif , Muhammad Sagir , Umair Azhar
{"title":"Rationally design and modulation strategies of cobalt-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) electrocatalysts towards energy conversion applications","authors":"Afaq Hassan , Abdul Haq , Muhammad Arif , Justyna Łuczak , Muhammad Asim Mushtaq , Faizan Kashif , Muhammad Sagir , Umair Azhar","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Widespread interest has been shown in the design of effective, affordable and ecologically benign electrocatalysts for energy conversion applications. To resolve the growing energy demand, several types of new electrocatalysts have been designed in recent decades. In particular, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been emerged as a potential candidate for electrocatalysis due to their porous and crystalline structure, intrinsic ability to coordinate metal ions or host metal nanoparticles (NPs). Polygonal lattices with distinct topology and integrated discrete micropores and/or mesopores could be constructed by incorporating organic building blocks into durable, regularly organized two- and three-dimensional polymers as molecular scaffolding. Pre-planning, selection and modification of both the basic building units as well as the framework provide a multitude of structures with diverse, designable properties useful in electrocatalysis. With the rapid advancements in designing and developing highly efficient COF catalysts, particularly transition metal (TM)-incorporated materials, significant progress has been made in facilitating the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR). In addition, cobalt incorporated COFs (Co-COFs) have been considered as promising candidate for electrocatalytic applications owing to their tuneable architectures, high surface area, and exceptional catalytic activity. Long-term electrocatalytic performance may be impeded by the low chemical and thermal stability of Co-COFs. Furthermore, scaling problems for practical applications arise from the expense and complexity of their synthesis. Moreover, more research is necessary to fully comprehend their structure-performance correlations. Herein, we highlight current advancements in design principles, effective strategies of synthesis and structural modifications of cobalt-incorporated COFs. Furthermore, we compare and discuss key examples of Co-COFs and their performance towards selected energy conversion applications. Finally, remaining challenges and future perspectives for designing and developing high performance electrocatalysts have been provided for diverse energy conversion applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"543 ","pages":"Article 216926"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coordination and organometallic compounds of graphyne and graphdiyne: Synthesis, properties and applications","authors":"Mohd. Aslam , Anirudh Pratap Singh Raman , Ishika Rana , Madhur Babu Singh , Kumar Rakesh Ranjan , Chandrabhan Verma , Akram AlFantazi , Prashant Singh , Kamlesh Kumari","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphyne (GY) and graphdiyne (GDY) are the different polymorphs of carbon with sp and sp<sup>2</sup>-hybridization, and have arisen as gifted 2D-materials for various applications in electronics, energy, and environmental sustainability. This review manuscript provides a detailed and critical examination of recent advancements in the synthesis, functionalization, and practical deployment of GY and GDY-based materials. Beginning with an overview of their unique structural and electronic features compared to other carbon materials, the discussion extends to current synthesis strategies, including bottom-up construction and doping methods, supported by computational insights into adsorption and reactivity behavior. Much of the review focuses on theoretical and computational studies, especially those involving coordination or organometallic compound-supported GY systems. The diverse application spectrum of GY materials is thoroughly explored, encompassing energy storage, gas sensing, desalination, ethanol-water separation, drug delivery, hydrogen storage, and electrocatalysis. In addition, the development and functionality of graphyne nanotubes (GYNTs) are deliberated in light of their enhanced properties and probable applications. The synthesis pathways and expanding role of GDY are also detailed, emphasizing energy systems, catalysis, water splitting, and sensing technologies. The inclusion of recent patent literature further illustrates the translational potential of these materials in industrial and commercial applications. Finally, the review addresses current material quality, scalability, and reproducibility limitations, while offering future perspectives for advancing the design and utilization of GY and GDY in real-world applications. This work aims to serve as a foundational resource for researchers exploring the multifaceted roles of 2D nanomaterials in science and technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"543 ","pages":"Article 216890"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiashuo Ye , Dayang Wang , Ziyan Wang , Mengyu Cao , Youqing Shen , Bing Yu , Hailin Cong
{"title":"Recent advances in NIR small molecule activable probes for imaging and therapy","authors":"Jiashuo Ye , Dayang Wang , Ziyan Wang , Mengyu Cao , Youqing Shen , Bing Yu , Hailin Cong","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of medical imaging and cancer treatment, the use of fluorescence (FL) methods to monitor and identify diseases is a common detection method. The function of these detection tools is to enhance the response of fluorescent signals by detecting cancer-related biomarkers to display the location of lesions in a targeted manner.</div><div>Among them, small molecule activatable probes (SMAPs) can realize the recognition function of different biomarkers by designing their molecular structures. Especially for SMAPs in the near infrared (NIR) region (900-1880 nm), compared with visible light (400–700 nm) SMAPs, NIR light has a longer wavelength, lower scattering and absorption in biological tissues, significantly better penetration depth than visible light, weak autoFL, and high imaging signal-to-noise ratio, making it suitable for deep tissue observation and high-sensitivity detection. After modification, NIR SMAPs can respond more quickly to changes in various tumors and inflammations, which are related to physiological parameters <em>in vivo</em>. They can accurately detect cancer metastasis and enable targeted and better treatment options, as well as improve cancer prognosis. Therefore, in this paper, we introduced the triggering mechanisms of SMAPs in the NIR-I (700–900 nm)/NIR-II (900–1880 nm) regions according to the types of different biomarkers, their applications in cancer imaging and treatment, and the emerging multimodal-guided imaging and tumor treatment regimens. Finally, the prospects and dilemmas of NIR SMAPs as further developments in the biomedical field are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"543 ","pages":"Article 216904"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liyuan Wang , Shwu-Jen Chang , Ching-Jung Chen , Jen-Tsai Liu
{"title":"Metal-organic frameworks for electrochemical glucose sensors: progress and challenges","authors":"Liyuan Wang , Shwu-Jen Chang , Ching-Jung Chen , Jen-Tsai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of efficient, reliable, and sensitive glucose sensors is crucial for advancing medical diagnostics and health monitoring. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), characterized by high surface areas, tunable porosity, customizable functional sites, and catalytic properties, have emerged as promising materials for improving the performance of electrochemical glucose sensors. This review highlights recent progress in MOF-based platforms for both enzymatic and non-enzymatic glucose sensing. The mechanisms by which MOFs improve sensor performance in these systems are analyzed, focusing on their capabilities for enzyme immobilization, peroxidase-like activity, and catalysis in glucose oxidation. This review also examines the application of MOFs as immobilization matrices for enzymes and other electrochemical sensors. Additionally, the review addresses the challenges associated with MOF-based sensing technologies and explores potential solutions for their advancement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"543 ","pages":"Article 216907"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Wiesner , K. Pellumbi , I. Zimmermann , J. Jökel , D. Siegmund , U.-P. Apfel
{"title":"Getting the genie out of the lab flask: Molecular electrocatalysts for application relevant CO2 electrolysis – An introductory review","authors":"W. Wiesner , K. Pellumbi , I. Zimmermann , J. Jökel , D. Siegmund , U.-P. Apfel","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since several decades the electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction is investigated as a promising approach to sustainably produce carbon-based feedstocks for the chemical industry. Within this field especially transition metal complexes have been broadly investigated but are commonly applied in homogenous catalysis, which is not suitable for scaled up systems with industrial relevance. During the last years the employment of these molecular catalysts within gas diffusion electrodes in scalable electrolyzers, such as flow cells and zero-gap cells/membrane electrode assemblies, has emerged. Within this review a detailed introduction into the relevant electrolyzer types, alongside all relevant components thereof is given, followed by a summary of the results achieved so far within this field of research to highlight this promising compound class for scalable CO<sub>2</sub> electrolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"543 ","pages":"Article 216909"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salman Khan , Veda V. Dasari , Bhagyasree Paila , Sneha Asok , Wilson Nshimiyimana , Chandra S. Bhatt , Chiranjeevi Korupalli , Amit Mishra , Anil K. Suresh
{"title":"Next-Generation Theragnostic Gold Nanoparticles: Sustainable Bioengineering Strategies for Enhanced Stability and Biocompatibility","authors":"Salman Khan , Veda V. Dasari , Bhagyasree Paila , Sneha Asok , Wilson Nshimiyimana , Chandra S. Bhatt , Chiranjeevi Korupalli , Amit Mishra , Anil K. Suresh","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stability and dispersity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) against diverse biological, physicochemical, and physiological transformations while retaining biocompatibility are fundamental for their myriad utilization in various theragnostic applications. This comprehensive review provides a comprehensive analysis of the principles governing the colloidal stability of AuNPs and the factors influencing their physicochemical, chemical, and biological stability. Key parameters such as resistance to aggregation in aqueous and biological medium, stability under physiological pH and ionic conditions, and the impact of protein corona formation on nanoparticle functionality are illustrated in detail. Diverse surface engineering strategies that are employed for achieving ultra-stable AuNPs, including electrostatic and steric stabilization methods are explored. Attention is also given to the widely used polymers like polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylenimine, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), and polydopamine, which have demonstrated significant efficacy in enhancing nanoparticle stability under physiological conditions along with their controversies and negative impacts. Alternatively, the emergence of safe bioconjugation strategies using proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids that offer promising pathways to improve biocompatibility and facilitate targeted applications are discussed. We also highlight the emerging sustainable approaches for AuNP stabilization using resilient biomolecules such as glycans, lipids, and plant-derived phytochemicals. Innovations like fish-scale-derived proteins and glycan-based coatings showcase the potential of biogenic methodologies to provide ultra-stable nanoparticles with minimal environmental impact. By advancing sustainable and innovative surface engineering strategies, this review underscores the potential for ultra-stable, biocompatible AuNPs to drive safer, more effective solutions in nanomedicine while reducing the ecological footprint of their production. The objective of this review is to systematically present both conventional and emerging strategies for stabilizing AuNPs, with a particular focus on sustainable, biocompatible, and high-performance approaches that support safer and more effective applications in nanomedicine. Unlike existing reviews that primarily focus on classical polymer-based stabilization or biomedical applications alone, this work uniquely integrates a critical evaluation of conventional polymers with a comprehensive overview of innovative, eco-friendly biogenic alternatives. It emphasizes the dual imperative of performance and sustainability, offering a forward-looking framework for designing next-generation AuNPs with minimal ecological impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"543 ","pages":"Article 216925"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tongxin Song , Xu Liu , Hao Wang , Qiang Yuan , Xiao Cai , Weiping Ding , Yan Zhu
{"title":"Catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide over atomically precise metal clusters toward fine chemicals","authors":"Tongxin Song , Xu Liu , Hao Wang , Qiang Yuan , Xiao Cai , Weiping Ding , Yan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal clusters with exact atomic numbers, tunable electronic properties and modifiable organic ligands have garnered extensive research interest for their potential in elucidating the structure-catalysis relationship and constructing a series of challenging chemical bonds. Among their promising applications as a new type of metal catalysts for important chemical processes, the catalytic conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> into value-added chemicals through atomically precise metal cluster catalysis has achieved considerable success. This review begins by concisely outlining the milestone developments of atomically precise metal clusters with crystallographic structures. We then provide an overview of CO<sub>2</sub> conversion in various catalytic systems, including electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Particular emphasis is placed on the significant advances in metal cluster-catalyzed CO<sub>2</sub> fixation and utilization with organic molecules, offering fundamental insights into active site identification and modification, as well as the design and application of high-performance metal cluster catalysts. These studies have demonstrated the capability of atomically precise metal clusters to achieve remarkable catalytic performances, which will promote the exploration of new catalysts for existing catalyzed processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"543 ","pages":"Article 216922"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Fang , Jiayi Duan , Yani Wang , Meijie Jia , Haihan Fan , Yuchao Lyu , Lishuang Ma , Xinmei Liu , Jianye Fu
{"title":"Omnipotent nanosized zeolites: A next-generation nanoplatform for biomedical applications","authors":"Xin Fang , Jiayi Duan , Yani Wang , Meijie Jia , Haihan Fan , Yuchao Lyu , Lishuang Ma , Xinmei Liu , Jianye Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zeolites are a group of natural minerals and synthetic materials with unique crystal structures and remarkable properties. Recently, nanosized zeolites have received great research attention and there has been remarkable progress both in the fabrication strategies and advanced applications of these nanosized zeolites. Zeolites can be microporous or mesoporous with high surface area and various porous structures. Zeolites have been successfully demonstrated in various applications, particularly in biomedical applications. It is shown that zeolites, especially nanosized zeolites are designed to deliver various therapeutic agents to target sites in a controlled manner, where nanosized zeolites exhibit promising performance in drug delivery systems, photodynamic therapy, cancer treatment, biomolecule detection, etc. This article provides an overview of the latest advancements in the synthesis of nanosized zeolites with different types, including diverse fabrication strategies such as template-free method, surfactant-assisted method, seed-assisted crystallization, top-down method, etc. Additionally, we discussed the representative examples of using different types of nanosized zeolites in biomedical applications, which reveals the promising potential of nanosized zeolites. At last, we explore current challenges and opportunities regarding on the synthetic strategies and future development aspects. By identifying gaps in current understanding and future research directions, this timely review aims to foster the development of nanosized zeolites and stimulate further exploration and innovation in the realm of biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"543 ","pages":"Article 216903"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synergistic role of transition metals and polyanionic frameworks in phosphate-based cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Madhav Sharma, Riya Gulati, Rajendra S. Dhaka","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ongoing research in the area of advanced cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is expected to reduce reliance on lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), providing more affordable and sustainable energy storage solutions. Polyanionic compounds have emerged as promising options due to their stable structure and ability to withstand high-voltage conditions as well as fast charging capabilities. This review offers a thorough discussion of phosphate-based polyanionic cathodes for SIBs, exploring their structure, electrochemical performance with various transition metals, and existing challenges. We discuss different polyanionic frameworks, such as ortho-phosphates, fluoro-phosphates, pyro-phosphates, mix pyro-phosphates, and NASICON-based phosphates, highlighting their unique structural characteristics and ability to perform well across a wide potential range. Further, we delve into the mechanisms governing sodium storage and tunability of redox potentials in polyanionic materials, providing insights into the factors that affect their electrochemical performance. Finally, we outline future research directions and potential avenues for the practical applications of polyanionic high-voltage cathodes in sodium-ion battery technologies.</div></div><div><h3>Broader context</h3><div>The need and considerations for post-LIBs have presented a significant scope for SIBs to grow and deliver the goal of sustainability. However, there is still a significant gap in their energy densities, demanding a breakthrough in SIBs. Many potential cathodes face challenges in achieving high capacities, but the energy density can also be boosted by elevating the working voltage of SIBs. This higher voltage can be achieved through the use of the highly electronegative PO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> polyanionic unit. Nevertheless, the arrangement with which these units are attached to the transition metal causes a significant change in the working voltage. To substantiate the correlation between the local structure and its influence on the electrochemical activity, a compilation of the crystallographic data of recent cathodes is presented and discussed, and an attempt is made to offer a discussion relating to the local structure and its influence on the electrochemical performance. Moreover, the discussion of the structural polymorphs with the same formula unit but differing electrochemical behaviors is also documented to help the readers gain a better understanding. This correlation is not limited to SIBs but can also be extended to a wide range of intercalation-based cathode materials, thereby offering valuable insights for the development of improved batteries in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"543 ","pages":"Article 216912"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent advances and prospective strategies for improving the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators","authors":"S M Sohel Rana, Zhong Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have gained significant devotion in the field of energy extraction and self-powered sensor development due to their unique combination of contact electrification and electrostatic induction. Over the past few years, researchers have made significant advancements in material synthesis along with device technology. This has led to the development of multiple methods, concepts, and theoretical analyses aimed at improving the TENG performance. This review delivers an inclusive overview of the research progress in enhancing the output performance of TENGs using various approaches. The overview covers four main aspects: surface material modifications of TENGs, structural engineering strategy, power management, and applications. Initially, this section provides an introduction to the fundamental principles, operational methods, theoretical framework, and material choices for TENGs. Additionally, the different surface modification and treatment methods for TENGs are categorized. Surface materials can be modified through different treatment methods, which are categorized into physical and chemical alterations. Next, we will explore various techniques to enhance the output power of TENGs using structural engineering methods. These techniques include employing multilayer structures, creating a TENG stack, and designing electrodes for TENGs. Furthermore, this text provides a summary of the current techniques used to enhance the efficiency of TENGs in terms of power supply, including power management and charge boosting. In addition, the assessment also discusses the use of TENGs in emerging fields involving wearable electronics, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and self-powered applications for sensors. Finally, considering the current advancement, we thoroughly analyze the significant issues and propose future research directions and challenges in a systematic manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"543 ","pages":"Article 216914"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}