Coordination Chemistry Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Recent progress in advanced functional materials for adsorption and removal of cobalt from industrial and radioactive effluents","authors":"Muruganantham Rethinasabapathy, Seyed Majid Ghoreishian, Cheol Hwan Kwak, Young-Kyu Han, Changhyun Roh, Yun Suk Huh","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216401","url":null,"abstract":"Water pollution jeopardizes environmental ecosystems and human health. The presence of cobalt ions (Co²⁺) and radionuclides (⁶⁰Co) in industrial and radioactive effluents pose serious threats to environmental ecosystems and human health. Thus, removing Co²⁺ and ⁶⁰Co from wastewater is essential for environmental and health reasons. Many techniques have been used to remove heavy metal ions and radionuclides from wastewater, such as adsorption, ion exchange, co-precipitation, chemical reduction, and ultrafiltration, have been reported to remove heavy metal ions and radionuclides from wastewater. However, adsorption is widely used and one of the most efficient techniques for treating heavy metal or radionuclide-contaminated wastewater because it is more straightforward to manage. Furthermore, several types of adsorbents have been used for this purpose. This paper comprehensively reviews and systematically provides an up-to-date summary of research and developments on various advanced functional materials as adsorbents, such as carbon-based materials, metal-organic frameworks, zeolites, clays, metal oxides, silica, sulfides, phosphates, layered double hydroxides, and biosorbents, that have been investigated for the efficient adsorption of Co²⁺ or ⁶⁰Co polluted water. In this study, adsorbents are assessed in terms of their removal efficiencies, unique features, operating conditions (adsorbent dosage, initial Co²⁺ concentration, solution pH, contact time, and temperature), and mechanisms of Co²⁺ removal, and their pros and cons are compared. In addition, the key findings of previous studies are summarized. Finally, we propose research opportunities and challenges in the hope of stimulating more research on adsorbents for environmental pollution management. The design and development of adsorbent materials are of central importance to guarantee the harvesting of cobalt from industrial and radioactive effluents. Thus, we hope this review encourages further developments of advanced materials capable of recovering Co²⁺ or ⁶⁰Co from secondary sources such as wastewater.","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"261 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porphyrin-engineered metal−organic frameworks for photo/electrochemical sensing: Preparation and mechanisms","authors":"Zhishuang Yuan, Huining Chai, Yi Huang, Ziyan Zhang, Weiqiang Tan, Yingjie Sun, Jiping Ma, Guangyao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216385","url":null,"abstract":"Photo/electrochemical sensing technology currently shows significant application potential in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety, gradually becoming a research focus in recent years. Novel materials with high photo/electroactivity, environmental friendliness and controllable structures are urgently needed. Metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted considerable interest because of their high specific surface area and adjustable structures. Integrating porphyrin molecules into MOF structures to form porphyrin-engineered MOFs can effectively suppress the self-aggregation of porphyrin molecules and enhance their photoelectric properties. Therefore, these materials are highly favored in photo/electrochemical sensing applications. This review details the types and preparation methods of porphyrin-engineered MOFs, including porphyrin MOFs, porphyrin@MOFs, and porphyrin-engineered MOF composites. Then, we summarize the mechanisms of porphyrin-engineered MOFs in photochemical sensing, electrochemical sensing, electrochemiluminescence sensing, photoelectrochemical sensing, and photo/electrochemical dual-mode sensing. Finally, we explore the prospects, challenges and opportunities for porphyrin-engineered MOFs in photo/electrochemical sensing applications. This review provides a valuable perspective for the preparation and sensing applications of multifunctional nanomaterials.","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamental properties, characterization techniques, and applications for photo(electro) catalysis: From Nanosized manganese oxides to manganese coordination compounds","authors":"Mehdi Khosravi, Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev, Julian J. Eaton-Rye, Małgorzata Hołyńska, Eva-Mari Aro, Jian-Ren Shen, Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216396","url":null,"abstract":"The excessive use of fossil fuels has led to significant environmental challenges, including global warming driven by carbon dioxide emissions and widespread air pollution. Essentially, focusing on sustainable and clean energy sources is necessary for the future of humanity and our planet. Through evolution, nature has solved this energy problem through the natural photosynthesis process. Manganese plays a crucial role in natural photosynthesis, specifically within the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II and therefore manganese has garnered significant interest for its potential use in catalytic, photocatalytic, and photoelectrochemical water oxidation, as well as in various other applications, due to its crucial role in natural photosynthesis. Therefore, This review focuses on the photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic properties of different manganese compounds and discusses various characterization techniques, with a special focus on electrochemical and photoelectrochemical methods used for assessing photoactive semiconductors. The primary goal of this text is to offer a comprehensive summary of the advancements in this area. Additionally, it sheds light on various approaches and strategies used in this field that could be applicable in related areas of interest. The review concludes with an outlook and final thoughts on the subject.","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent trends and perspectives in rhenium-based nanomaterials for sustainable applications","authors":"Pitchaimani Veerakumar, Rajaram Pandiyan, Shen-Ming Chen, Pounraj Thanasekaran, K. Saranya","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216382","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of modern science and technology, it is necessary to search for alternative nanostructured materials towards the application of electrochemical (EC) sensors, catalysts, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and biomedicine. However, such type of nanomaterials is limited due to the lack of synthesis procedures and unique set of physical and chemical properties. This review aims to provide insights into recent advances devoted towards synthesis and applications of rhenium (Re) nanostructures. Special attention has been focused on the synthesis of Re nanostructures with defined optical, structural, and catalytic properties based on the available literature studies. The integration of Re nanomaterials into various electrochemical devices with interest in the detection of biomolecules, drugs, organic pollutants, etc. is highlighted. Given that Re nanomaterials have a high specific surface area and surface energy, they are appealing as catalysts. The so-obtained Re nanomaterials are effective in various catalytic reactions with good recycling abilities. These materials are also considered ideal candidates for redox-type energy storage materials due to their superior intrinsic advantages such as structural, electronic, electro-optical and chemical properties, which are exceptional among other transition metal compounds (TMCs) investigated so far. The potential role of Re materials in photocatalytic degradation of methylene orange, methylene blue, rhodamine B etc., emphasizing the influence of various factors such as pH, concentration of dye, loading of photocatalyst, light intensity, irradiation time, etc. is discussed. The recent advancements in engineered ReNPs and its composites, particularly for SERS substrates, have been systematically surveyed. Because of its unique physical and chemical performance, ReNPs act as a remarkable diagnostics reagent candidate and show to improve its photoluminescence, lipophilicity, cell uptake, cytotoxicity, biological distribution, pharmacology, and toxicology. At the end of this review, we conclude by discussing the remaining challenges associated with the Re nanomaterials and our perspective on the future of nanoscience and nanotechnology. This review is the first to focus on various synthesis methods employed for the preparation of ReNPs, and its composites and highlight the development of electrochemical sensors, catalytic organic reactions, SERS and biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous electrocatalysts from nanostructures to single atoms for biomass-derived feedstocks upgrading","authors":"Zhiwei Zhu, Shanshan Ma, Shuijian He, Mengjie Song, Bao Yu Xia, Bo You","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216399","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable energy-driven electrochemical upgrading of the globally available and already-fixed biomass-derived feedstocks enables the decentralized low-temperature synthesis of upgraded chemicals and fuels, providing a promising pathway to alleviate the global warming and environmental deterioration caused by excessive consumption of fossil fuels. Leveraging these achievements necessitates highly active, selective, stable and cost-effective heterogeneous electrocatalysts, which can be obtained by size and morphology engineering at nanoscale. Herein, we summarize the recent progress on size and morphology-controlled synthesis of various nanostructured electrocatalysts with dimensions ranging from 3D, 2D, 1D, and 0D, and single-atom electrocatalysts after brief introduction of nanoscale size/geometry effects, and biomass-derived feedstocks. Subsequently, the electrocatalytic applications of these well-developed nanomaterials for biomass-derived feedstocks upgrading through electrochemical oxidation and reduction are given, with specific emphasis on exploring the underlying structure-performance correlations by combined experiments, in situ/<em>operando</em> spectroscopy characterizations and theory simulations. Finally, a brief conclusion and remarks on future challenges and opportunities regarding further development of advanced heterogeneous electrocatalysts for biomass valorization are presented.","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"258 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal- and covalent-organic framework-based drug delivery systems: Applications to control cell functions","authors":"Min-Ji Kang, Yeon-Woo Cho, Tae-Hyung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216400","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are interdisciplinary fields that aim to repair structural or functional defects in target tissues by replicating the physiological characteristics and microenvironments of organs. Despite advancements in nanotechnology and biomimetics, effectively controlling cell functions remains challenging due to discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo cellular microenvironments. The extracellular microenvironment provides physical and chemical cues influencing cellular functions such as migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In response, various drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been developed to modulate cell fate by delivering chemical cues that influence or integrate cellular signalling pathways. However, conventional drug delivery methods often suffer from limitations such as low stability and poor cellular uptake. To address these issues, DDSs based on porous nanomaterials, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), have been introduced. These materials offer well-defined pore structures and extensive surface area, increasing drug-loading capacity and facilitating sustainable release of various physicochemical substances through their tunable properties. Additionally, they exhibit catalytic activity that enables precise control of drug release in response to external conditions such as light, temperature, and pH. MOFs and COFs can be used alone or combined with other nanomaterials to achieve synergistic effects. This review discusses recent MOF- and COF-based DDS advancements for controlling cell functions and highlights strategies for enhancing drug delivery efficiency and tissue penetration.","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for enhancing the photothermal conversion efficiency of solar-driven interfacial evaporation","authors":"Yumeng Xiao, Hongmin Guo, Meng Li, Jiasen He, Xin Xu, Sichen Liu, Lidong Wang, Tony D. James","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216378","url":null,"abstract":"Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SIE) represents a sustainable and efficient technology for the production of clean water, offering significant potential for applications in wastewater treatment and seawater desalination. To date, numerous ingenious designs have been developed to improve the efficiency of photothermal conversion in SIE systems. Based on enhancing sunlight absorption and reducing heat loss, the molecular design of organic photothermal materials in SIE systems and the structural design strategy of the evaporator (reducing sunlight loss, thermal management, water supply control) are comprehensively summarized and discussed. Organic photothermal materials with advantages such as molecular tunability and favorable biocompatibility are introduced to illustrate that in addition to common photothermal materials, organic photothermal materials also have excellent application potential for SIE technology. This review also summarizes the relevant efforts in repurposing exhausted heavy metal adsorbents and polyesters into evaporators, driven by considerations of economic costs and environmental sustainability. Finally, challenges and prospects facing the current advancement of SIE technology are discussed, with a focus on addressing potential issues in both fundamental research and practical applications. We envision that this review will offer valuable insights for the design of efficient, environmentally sustainable, and cost-effective SIE systems, thereby contributing to the accelerated development of high-performance technologies.","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical heterostructures of metal alloy nanocoatings: Expanding nanoplatforms for versatile synthesis and diversified applications","authors":"Shikha Awasthi","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216397","url":null,"abstract":"Hierarchical networking is a basic optimization method for clinical structures that maximizes functional efficiency while reducing resource consumption, a result of evolutionary selection in nature. Natural materials have distinctive synergistic qualities that are not achievable with single components owing to their precise hierarchical structure throughout a broad variety of length scales. Although hierarchically organizing matter has obvious benefits, a controlled hierarchical network based on the existing synthetic toolset remains difficult to understand. This study emphasizes various recent developments in the production of hierarchical metal alloy nanocoating (MAC) materials and critically examines the benefits that result from various MAC hierarchies. The distinct emphasis of this report lies in outlining the applications in which MAC hierarchical materials can have the utmost effects and highlighting the characterization methods that scientists can now use to accurately synthesize and characterize MAC hierarchical structures. The ultimate goal is to motivate reticular chemists to become experts in the hierarchical management of MAC materials to fully realize the benefits that MAC provides for a range of applications.","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterocyclic-linked covalent organic frameworks: Design, synthesis and applications","authors":"Morteza Torabi, Meysam Yarie, AmirMahdi Tavassoli, Narges Zarei, Leila Vatannavaz, Mohammad Ali Zolfigol, Saeid Azizian, Sadegh Khazalpour","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216359","url":null,"abstract":"Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a growing category of crystalline-structured porous organic compounds, have found an influential position in reticular chemistry. In comparison with solo-bond formed COFs, heterocyclic-linked COFs have benefited from advanced linkages which give them new top-level standards such as superb complexity combined with adjustability, improved framework robustness, excellent structural periodicity and regularity, hydrogen bonding potentiality, functional diversity, exceptional porosity and crystallinity, post-synthetic modification capability, prominent thermal and chemical stability, and proper specific surface area. Due to these outstanding merits, a diverse range of performances in catalysis and photocatalysis processes, sensing materials, separation processes, gas and energy storage and conversion, optoelectronic devices, CO₂ photoreduction, environmental and contaminant remediation and drug delivery have been reported for them. Herein, we exclusively focussed on the design, synthesis, and application of COFs featuring heterocyclic linkages (such as benzoxazole, chromenoquinoline, dioxane, imidazole, imide, oxadiazole, pyrazine, quinoline, thiazole, triazine, benzofuran, phthalocyanine, imidazopyridine, carbamate, thienopyridine) and their benefits and utilizations were showcased.","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CeO2-based functional materials: Advancing photo and electro-driven catalysis for environmental remediation and energy conversion","authors":"Yan Zhang, Yuyue Zhou, Dalin Sun, Yingxia Nie, Deyu Wu, Lin Ban, Bing Tang, Song Yang, Hui Li, Tianyi Ma, Heng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216395","url":null,"abstract":"Transition metal oxides have drawn considerable interest due to their distinctive structure, multiple notable oxidation states, non-toxicity, and environmental sustainability. In the field of catalysis research, a particularly promising and urgent area of focus is the creation of stable and highly effective catalysts based on transition metal oxides. The twin global issues of environmental degradation and energy scarcity demand the creation of novel eco-friendly solutions. These challenges underscore the urgent need for advancing cutting-edge sustainable technologies. Currently, significant attention is focused on photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photoelectrocatalysis as viable strategies for addressing energy conversion and environmental remediation challenges. CeO₂ has emerged as a catalyst of great promise, primarily due to its unique surface characteristics and distinctive 4f electron configuration. Especially, the coordination of Ce⁴⁺ with O₂⁻ in CeO₂, involving Ce(IV) to O(II) charge transfer, yields a critical defect and a highly active surface. Nevertheless, the limited light-absorbing capacity and electrical conductivity of traditional CeO₂ hinder its practical application. Consequently, developing diverse strategies to introduce abundant defects and active sites is pivotal for expanding the catalytic applications of CeO₂. This review offers an in-depth overview of recent progress in CeO₂-based catalytic systems for photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and photoelectrocatalytic applications, with a focus on sustainable energy production and environmental pollution mitigation. This review emphasizes the synthesis methods of diverse tailored microstructures (including microspheres, hollows, core-shells, and polytopes) of CeO₂, as well as strategies to enhance its catalytic activity via elemental doping, atomic loading, and coupling with oxides, MOFs, and carbonaceous materials to modulate the electronic coordination structure. Additionally, the discussion focuses on the catalytic activities, stabilities, and reaction mechanisms of CeO₂-based catalysts, including oxygen vacancy defects, interfacial effects, bonding of reaction product intermediates to catalyst metal active sites, and metal-carrier interactions. Furthermore, this review presents a detailed description of quantitative characterization methods for evaluating oxidation states and oxygen vacancies in CeO₂-based materials. Furthermore, the review highlights the current challenges and potential prospects in this research area. By providing a comprehensive update on the latest advances, this review aims to facilitate the informed design of high-performance CeO₂-based composite catalysts, serving as a valuable resource for the pursuit of sustainable development goals.","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}