2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON最新文献_第3页

A Novel Approach for Investigating Canopy Heat Island Effects on Building Energy Performance: A Case Study of Center City of Philadelphia, PA 研究冠层热岛效应对建筑能源性能影响的新方法——以费城中心城市为例

2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.30

Farzad Hashemi, L. Iulo, U. Poerschke

{"title":"A Novel Approach for Investigating Canopy Heat Island Effects on Building Energy Performance: A Case Study of Center City of Philadelphia, PA","authors":"Farzad Hashemi, L. Iulo, U. Poerschke","doi":"10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.30","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the urban heat island (UHI) effect, an urban agglomeration is typically warmer than its surrounding rural area. Today, UHI effects are a global concern and have been observed in cities regardless of their locations and size. These effects threaten the health and productivity of the urban population, moreover, they alter buildings energy performance. The negative impacts of UHI on human welfare have been confirmed broadly during the past decades by several studies. However, the effects of increased temperatures on the energy consumption of buildings still need a comprehensive investigation. Moreover, considering the UHI effects at the early stages of the design process is still not pervasive due to the lack of straightforward and convenient methodologies to include these effects in the estimation process of buildings’ energy consumption. To fill the mentioned gaps, a novel methodology of coupling the Local Climate Zones (LCZs) classification system and the Urban Weather Generator (UWG) model is proposed in this study to evaluate the UHI impacts on the energy consumption of various building typologies positioned in different climate zones. The methodology is applied to the most populated area of city of Philadelphia, Center City, and modified Typical Meteorological Year (mTMY) data comprising the canopy heat islands effect in the scale of an urban block or a neighborhood are produced in the format of .epw. The initial results of this study show an average of 2.7 °C temperature difference between existing local climate zones of Center City and reference TMY3 weather data recorded at Philadelphia International Airport during three sequential summer days. The generated weather data then were incorporated into an Urban Building Energy Model (UBEM) to simulate the spatiotemporal differentiation of energy demand for cooling and heating end-uses at each building typology under two scenarios of weather data i.e. mTMY and TMY3 data.","PeriodicalId":288990,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122371077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Informed Forms: Introducing Climate Response into the Early Design Studio 知情形式:将气候响应引入早期设计工作室

2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.8

James Leach, Kristin Nelson

{"title":"Informed Forms: Introducing Climate Response into the Early Design Studio","authors":"James Leach, Kristin Nelson","doi":"10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.8","url":null,"abstract":"In an October 2017 article in Architect Magazine, editor Ned Cramer identified climate change as “the fundamental design problem of our time.”1 In the same article, he described the considerable impact – nearly 40% of annual world carbon emissions2 – that buildings contribute to this problem, and called for change in the industry. In February of 2019, the American Institute of Architects (AIA) publicly endorsed the Green New Deal, and in September, the AIA board ratified Resolution 19-11, referred to as The Big Move, which “declares an urgent imperative for carbon reduction.”3 This resolution also advances the development of the Awards Common Application, which will require the disclosure of building energy performance metrics, and will use the Committee on the Environment Top Ten Measures for ethical and responsible design, in the consideration of all AIA Design Excellence Awards submittals.4 These policy developments indicate a recognition within the architecture industry of the necessity to mainstream climate action and zero-carbon design. More recently, the 2020 National Architectural Accrediting Boards (NAAB) Conditions for Accreditation emphasize the same responsibility for educational institutions, identifying “Ecological Knowledge and Responsibility” as a key criteria of program evaluation (PC.3).5 This is reinforced by the addition of the requirements that student work demonstrate “the ability to make design decisions” while considering “the measurable environmental impacts” and “the measurable outcomes of building performance” within the framework of a successful architectural design project.","PeriodicalId":288990,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115385345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The New Normals: Architecture Under Climate Change Uncertainty 新常态:气候变化不确定性下的建筑

2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.32

J. McCarty, A. Rysanek

{"title":"The New Normals: Architecture Under Climate Change Uncertainty","authors":"J. McCarty, A. Rysanek","doi":"10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.32","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses design research that utilized an existing project development phase to test a methodology for involving multiple projections of climate change in the design a of a present-day institutional building. In the paper an initial argument is laid out for the need for this type of design method. This is followed by a brief explanation of the methodology borrowed from charrette scenario planning and climate impact assessment. A schematic design that is the result of this planning process is then displayed as a jumping-off point to discuss design decision-making under the auspices of an unknown future climate system and the need for site-climate calibration in passive architecture. This design is the composite of three possible “optimal” buildings that represent one program designed for using climate scenarios from three major socioeconomic carbon emissions pathways. The final design is the resultant interpretation of these three futures and the needs they impose on the program and the building as a formal bioclimatic object. Concluding remarks follow the presentation of the design and decision-making theory behind its elements.","PeriodicalId":288990,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121025218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Footprint of Tight: Hinterlands, Landscape and Dense Cities 紧凑的足迹:腹地、景观和密集城市

2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.15

J. Doyle, Graham Christ

{"title":"The Footprint of Tight: Hinterlands, Landscape and Dense Cities","authors":"J. Doyle, Graham Christ","doi":"10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.15","url":null,"abstract":"The Supertight refers to the small, intense, robust and hyper-condensed spaces that emerge as a by-product of extreme levels of urban density. These ideas were explored through a site-specific architectural installation and curated exhibition that was held in Melbourne in 2019 and drew on contributions from practitioners throughout Asia to explore the role of design in negotiating and expressing density in urban environments. The project explored the term ‘Tight’ as a positive and more nuanced approached to thinking about urban density. If the Supertight is focused on cities, its consequence is equally on the landscapes that support cities. While we as architects focus on the object of density, the centre of cities – their organisation, occupation and formal characteristics, we often overlook the vast hinterland that supports dense urban cores. Cities such as Singapore and Hong Kong, which were explored heavily through the exhibition and are in many ways models of the physical and social management of extreme density, are equally exemplars of cities that rely heavily on supply chains that stretch well beyond their borders. This paper will build upon discussions emerging from the Supertight exhibition and will critically reflect upon and document the relationship between dense urban cores and the broader networks that support their existence. While urban density and compact cities are generally understood to be more sustainable than sprawl, to what extent does the close settlement of cities result in an expansion of terrain and resources to support them? Do dense cities require more to enable their existence, and how does behaviour and patterns of consumption impact that potential for density to be sustainable? The paper will explore how productive landscapes that support dense cities be absorbed within dense urban cores, and what would need to shift to enable this.","PeriodicalId":288990,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129681960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Building-Integrated Carbon Sequestration Techniques: Towards Mitigating Climate Change 建筑集成碳封存技术:减缓气候变化

2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.12

Jayati Chhabra, T. Rakha

{"title":"Building-Integrated Carbon Sequestration Techniques: Towards Mitigating Climate Change","authors":"Jayati Chhabra, T. Rakha","doi":"10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.12","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an overview of building-integrated Carbon Sequestration (CS) techniques focusing on their potential environmental impact and associated costs. CS techniques are classified into three categories: 1) Biotic (Green Roofs, Vertical Greenery Systems (VGS), and Algae Facades); 2) Materials (carbon-negative and carbon absorb- ing building materials); and 3) Equipment (filter towers). Preliminary literature review shows that Green Roofs and VGS can capture 150gC/m2 – 650gC/m2, while algae facades go up to 2430gC/m2 – 2970gC/m2. Biomass and filter towers could absorb a relatively high amount of approximately 1 x 10^15 gC and 687.5 x 10^9 gC, respectively (without normalization). By analyzing and summarizing each CS technique based on performance indicators like prerequisites, CS potential, costs and area required, it was found that Biotic techniques can be applied to a structure’s roof and facades for a large range of projects having low to high budgets. Biomass must be highly encouraged to be mixed with all the construction materials which can sequester up to 10^15 gC. Equipment, which has one of the highest potentials to sequester carbon and are highly expensive, can be used in urban spaces like parks and markets. A comparative analysis is finally done specifically showing the CS potential associated with the Biotic CS techniques to allow architects and designers to evaluate these technologies and analyze their integration potential in architectural practice.","PeriodicalId":288990,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129160629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mapping the Built Environment Process (BEP) Ecosystem via a Data to Knowledge Framework 通过数据到知识框架映射建筑环境过程(BEP)生态系统

2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.5

Naomi Keema, A. Dyson, Mohamed Aly Etman

{"title":"Mapping the Built Environment Process (BEP) Ecosystem via a Data to Knowledge Framework","authors":"Naomi Keema, A. Dyson, Mohamed Aly Etman","doi":"10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.5","url":null,"abstract":"Transitioning to a future of low-carbon built environments requires the design of multi-beneficial design strategies that take a whole building life cycle and systems-thinking approach. Such an approach has the potential to enable multi-stakeholder engagement and cross-industry collaboration which are current siloed in the Built Environment Process (BEP). The BEP involves energy, material and information flows at each of its phases from the initial extraction of raw materials to the final deconstruction of a building. Technology and big data have a role to play in establishing collaborative networks with efficient construction practices which track material, energy and information flows across the building life cycle. This paper attempts to map the BEP through a new data-to-knowledge framework named SEVA (Socio-Ecological Visual Analytics), which has been designed to link heterogeneous data. It describes the methodology used to map the BEP in SEVA. This involves the deployment of semantic web ontologies to generate a knowledge graph of the BEP; virtually connecting each phase and its associated stakeholders, thereby, conceivably acting as an overview tool for the BEP. As climate pressures increase and material scarcity is imminent, innovation in eco-systems thinking and data-to-knowledge frameworks will be critical towards ensuring built environments embrace a socio-ecological future.","PeriodicalId":288990,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122691570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Surf and Turf: Integrating Resilient Design Early in the Curriculum 冲浪和草皮:在课程早期整合弹性设计

2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.7

Craig L. Griffin

{"title":"Surf and Turf: Integrating Resilient Design Early in the Curriculum","authors":"Craig L. Griffin","doi":"10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.7","url":null,"abstract":"Recent reports paint an increasingly grimmer picture about the pace of climate change. While we cannot back off from efforts to reduce carbon, we now recognize it is too late to stop the coming changes. Therefore, it feels ethically necessary to modify our teaching strategies to train future architects early on not just how to build more sustainably, but also how to deal with harsh environmental conditions they will encounter in coming decades. This paper describes pedagogical revisions that link a second-year studio and a building technology course with the goal of introducing and applying principles of resilient design at both the ocean shore and a rural wooded setting to cover a range of possible strategies. The first project, SURF; Resilient Design on the Coast is sited on the ocean to focus on methods to combat the effects of rising seas, storm surge and hurricane-strength winds on a building; such as a raised concrete structure and impact-resistant facades. The second project, TURF; Resilient Design in the Woods, is set on a natural site to focus on resilient design issues such as extreme temperatures, strong storms, drought and forest fire. Concurrent lectures in the tech course on passive heating and cooling, daylighting, thermal transfer and insulation, and non-combustible cladding and roofing materials support the studio project. To connect the 2 courses each student creates a color-rendered wall detail that describes the resilient design strategies employed.","PeriodicalId":288990,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130232409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incremental Development Manual: The Ger Innovation Hub, Mongolia 渐进式发展手册:蒙古国创新中心

2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.27

J. Bolchover

{"title":"Incremental Development Manual: The Ger Innovation Hub, Mongolia","authors":"J. Bolchover","doi":"10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.27","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional Mongolian dwelling or ger has evolved in direct correlation to the demands of nomadic life. However, its mobility, affordability and reproducibility have contributed to a rapid urbanization process in the city of Ulaanbaatar, resulting in the creation of sprawling districts with no basic infrastructure that house over 70% of the city’s population.1 During the cold winters, each household uses coal as their main heating source contributing to toxic atmospheric pollution. The lack of water and sanitation infrastructure is coupled with a lack of community provision in the form of kindergartens, schools and play spaces. As the ger districts gradually transform into more permanent forms of settlement, they are beset with ever-increasing sets of problems that have no easy fix. The implementation of large-scale infrastructure and housing development is unfeasible due to the extent of the settlements and the fact that the majority of residents own their land.2 The aim of the project is to create an Incremental Development Manual as a strategic framework for sustainable and affordable district upgrading. This paper will report o n o one component of t his M anual, T he G er Innovation Hub, a prototype for a community centre that demonstrates a methodology to engage the climate crisis through the intersection between research, design practice, and education. The process includes fieldwork, household surveys, environmental modelling, community workshops, student design-build courses, event programming, financial planning, and in-use performance testing. The paper will explain how the project innovated with passive environmental strategies to provide a low-cost solution to reduce energy consumption and the reliance on coal as a heating source. Operational since January 2020, the article will report on the effectiveness of the prototype in terms of its environmental performance and its capacity to become a model for community provision that can be replicated across other ger district areas.","PeriodicalId":288990,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130721276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reducing Carbon and Improving Thermal Comfort for an Orphan Village in Rural Liberia 减少碳排放，改善利比里亚农村孤儿村的热舒适

2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.16

Joshua D. Lee, Leila Sai Srinivasan

{"title":"Reducing Carbon and Improving Thermal Comfort for an Orphan Village in Rural Liberia","authors":"Joshua D. Lee, Leila Sai Srinivasan","doi":"10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.16","url":null,"abstract":"Liberia experienced two devastating civil wars during the 1990s and early 2000s that resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths and nearly total destruction of its electrical and water infrastructure systems. The loss of these systems has been especially acute and persistent in rural areas where power is generally provided by small, inefficient, gas-powered generators to power lighting and electric fans. Thus, it is imperative that buildings in Liberia reduce their carbon footprint while improving thermal comfort by employing a variety of passive strategies. The project presented in this paper tested a variety of strategies and adapted them to the specific program, climate, society, materials, and methods of construction currently available in rural Liberia. The team used a series of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to assess the best combination of ventilation strategies for thermal comfort. Based on the previous research these simulations were focused on increasing air speeds to improve thermal comfort in this hot and humid climate. A comparison of the baseline design against interventions such as wind funnels and angles of the slats in jalousie windows show the way the wind speeds and patterns of wind movement thereby enabling informed decision making. These recommendations were then constructed and tested in the first built prototype, a communal home for orphans on a new eco-village near Buchanan City. This made it possible to calibrate subsequent simulation models with the actual ventilation metrics and airflow patterns onsite as the campus expands. An iterative process of simulations and physical site measurements has led to a number of important insights for this development and those in the surrounding area as elements of this work are already being copied in the area, creating a new, more sustainable, lower carbon vernacular for rural Liberia.","PeriodicalId":288990,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128220530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Designing for Irradiated Shade 辐照遮阳设计

2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.29

Stephen Mueller

引用次数: 0