2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON最新文献

{"title":"[Local] Materials Matter","authors":"Edward A. Becker","doi":"10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.25","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores three design-research projects led by the author that transformed locally sourced, underutilized biomaterials into high-performance building products tailored to their regional contexts. They are intended to expose barriers related to product development, permitting, code compliance, and application, each key limitations for the widespread acceptance and utilization of novel low-carbon construction materials. One case-study project, the New River Train Observation Tower, involved the utilization of low-grade timber products for the development of local-species CLT. The low-grade “trash” wood for the structural product was sourced, milled, pressed, and utilized locally, thus significantly reducing carbon emissions from construction, benefitting the local economy, and resisting region-specific pests/fungi. The thirty-foot-tall, publicly accessible tower was the first hardwood CLT building in the United States to receive a building permit and to be constructed with local- species wood. Another practice-based research project by the author titled “Lake House” employs local alternatives for non-renewable building products. The project involves the utilization of thermally modified wood and highlights key hurdles to locally sourced, bio-based material utilization. Each project exemplifies a material-based carbon management strategy and is affiliated with the author’s research at the Center for Low-Carbon Structures and Systems at Virginia Tech, a multidisciplinary research unit focused on the development and implementation of novel bio-based building systems. Both case study projects and their related low-carbon products/systems align with the AIA Framework for Design Excellence, specifically Designing for Resources and Designing for Economy.","PeriodicalId":288990,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132043965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RhinoCircular: Development and Testing of a Circularity Indicator Tool for Application in Early Design Phases and Architectural Education","authors":"F. Heisel, Cameron Becker","doi":"10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.24","url":null,"abstract":"RhinoCircular is a CAD plugin developed within the Circular Construction Lab (CCL) at Cornell University that assesses a building design’s environmental impact in respect to its embodied carbon values and circularity: the degree to which design solutions minimize extraction and waste in favor of reusable, recyclable and renewable material resources. Over their full life cycle, current buildings account for 39% of carbon dioxide emissions [1] and more than 50% of resource extraction and solid waste production. [2,3] As a way to overcome the social, economic, and environmental problems of this linear economic system, the concept of the circular economy is increasingly gaining attention. Activating the built environment as a material reserve for the construction of future cities would not only provide valuable local resources, but also potentially prevent up to 50% of the industry’s emissions by capitalizing on embodied carbon. [1] However, this requires radical paradigm shifts in how we design and construct buildings (e.g. materials selection/ design for disassembly), and in how resources are managed within the built environment. Buildings and regions need to anticipate stocks and flows of materials, documenting and communicating which materials in what quantities and qualities become available for reuse or recycling where and when. RhinoCircular allows direct and immediate feedback on design decisions in respect to formal deliberations, structural considerations, material selection and detailing based on material passports and circularity indicators. It can be integrated in existing and complex workflows and is compatible with industry-standard databases while providing its own essential dataset-complementing missing information.","PeriodicalId":288990,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126389171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Increasing Energy Performance Be a Key to Unlocking Rural Home Affordability?","authors":"D. Hinson, Rusty Smith, Bruce Kitchell, Mackenzie Stagg, Elizabeth Farrell Garcia, Betsy Burnet","doi":"10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.36","url":null,"abstract":"Though home energy use should be considered in every residential project, it is particularly critical for low-wealth individuals and families. While higher-budget projects can rely on a return on investment for energy-saving features, “affordable” housing projects built by not-for-profit organizations frequently rely on reductions in construction costs to keep purchasing prices low for homeowners. However, this can result in higher maintenance and operations costs over the useful life of the home. Could linking home performance to the mortgage carry of an individual homeowner provide opportunities to create a housing stock of homes that consider the total cost of homeownership? This paper describes a research initiative designed to seek the balance point between up-front investments in improved energy performance and home affordability in support of a pilot, systems-based approach to more affordable homeownership. In a design-build studio format, the authors and their students have revised and constructed multiple versions of the same small, two-bedroom prototype home developed for the context of a mixed-humid climate: one built to the Passive House Institute U.S. (PHIUS) standard and the other to the Department of Energy’s Zero Energy Ready Home (ZERH) standard. By constructing two prototype homes on the same street and with similar orientation, but with differing energy-related details, the authors are able to evaluate the initial cost of construction associated with achieving these two performance standards while simultaneously comparing the monthly energy savings afforded by each approach. Each home underwent a rigorous process of modeling, testing, and monitoring. Computational energy modeling during the design phase were used to to test various envelope assemblies. At key points in construction, blower door tests and thermal imaging were utilized to assess the specific efficacy of alternative approaches construction detailing and to verify systems and envelope airtightness. Long-term monitoring is used to evaluate actual post-occupancy energy use against that which was predicted in the initial design phase. Furthermore, post-occupancy engagement with the homeowner allows for a deeper understanding of the design of end-user education programs that empower families to leverage the high-performance potential of their homes. Ultimately, these findings provide an invaluable contribution to the authors’ broader research and development where, in partnership with federal agencies as well as mortgage and insurance providers, the team continues to explore mechanisms to better integrate both the policies and products necessary to support a new paradigm of truly affordable homeownership to families in the rural South.","PeriodicalId":288990,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125038348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining the “Smart” Energy Retrofit","authors":"E. Hoffman, Lori Ferriss","doi":"10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.11","url":null,"abstract":"This research uses a case study of a prototypical higher education campus renovation project to investigate and model a “smart” energy retrofit—one that considers the carbon payback as well as the cost payback of the renovation to target strategic energy retrofit measures that provide maximum carbon reductions with minimum carbon and cost investment. The study tested an innovative process that incorporated several interrelated analytical methodologies to determine the optimal building renovation scope for maximum carbon reductions. These included thermal analysis to quantify the thermal resistance of individual components of the envelope, energy modeling to calibrate and determine whole building performance, and life cycle assessment to calculate embodied impacts. Using these tools in concert with cost estimating allowed the design team and owner to evaluate the financial and environmental return on investment of potential interventions in the existing building envelope, building systems, and primary energy sources. This case study demonstrates a replicable process to optimize both embodied and operational carbon through iterative analysis. The process illustrates that not all energy-conserving measures are worth pursuing when taken in the context of life cycle carbon and costs-a deep energy retrofit is not necessarily a smart energy retrofit. Additionally, energy retrofits should consider solutions that are appropriate to make immediate reductions while enabling further reductions through the future availability of greener energy sources. To reduce emissions from the building sector and achieve critical climate targets, the design and construction industry must rigorously analyze tradeoffs of embodied versus operations impacts, rather than defaulting to traditional best practice assumptions to meet critical climate targets.","PeriodicalId":288990,"journal":{"name":"2020 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference: CARBON","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127219583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}