Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106808
Marc Bernades , Florent Duchaine , Francesco Capuano , Lluís Jofre
{"title":"A posteriori analysis of non-dissipative large-eddy simulation of wall-bounded transcritical turbulent flow","authors":"Marc Bernades , Florent Duchaine , Francesco Capuano , Lluís Jofre","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>A posteriori</em> analyses based upon a recently proposed non-dissipative large-eddy simulation framework for high-pressure transcritical wall-bounded turbulence have been carried out. Due to the numerical complexities that arise in such type of flows, the discretization requires kinetic-energy- and pressure-equilibrium-preservation schemes to yield stable and non-dissipative scale-resolving simulations. On the basis of this framework, the objectives are to: (i) compute wall-resolved large-eddy simulations of a high-pressure transcritical turbulent channel flow, and (ii) assess the thermofluid performance with respect to a direct numerical simulation at a low-Reynolds-number regime. In this regard, three different subgrid-scale stress tensor models have been considered, together with models for the unresolved scales of the filtered pressure transport and state equations. The study shows that the results of the subgrid-scale stress tensors examined slightly deviate, under these extreme conditions, from the time-averaged velocity and temperature reference solutions. Differently, in terms of bulk performance, it has been found that the skin-friction coefficient and Nusselt number are relatively well captured at the cold and hot walls. Thus, it is concluded that dedicated efforts by the research community are needed to improve the prediction accuracy of existing subgrid-scale models for wall-bounded transcritical turbulence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 106808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-fidelity Bayesian neural networks for complex aircraft configurations: CRM and M6 case studies","authors":"Shihao Wu , Xinshuai Zhang , Yunzhe Huang , Tingwei Ji , Fangfang Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In practical engineering, the fidelity of aerodynamic data for aircraft is often proportional to its acquisition cost, leading to a scarcity of high-fidelity (HF) data. Data fusion addresses this challenge by strategically integrating abundant low-fidelity (LF) data with limited HF data, enabling high-accuracy predictions at reduced costs. This approach effectively balances cost and fidelity trade-offs in diverse engineering applications. Building upon our previous work that introduced a Multi-Fidelity Bayesian Neural Network (MFBNN) model for aerodynamic data fusion, the present study introduces several key innovations to enhance its practicality. This work extends MFBNN’s applicability, elucidates the effects of data quality on model performance, and integrates transfer learning to improve generalization and efficiency in practical aerodynamic modeling. Specifically, we investigate key technical challenges in practical MFBNN deployment, including (1) the impact of HF dataset size on model performance, providing guidance for optimal HF data selection; (2) the use of transfer learning (TL) to expedite model adaptation for new flow conditions; and (3) the extension of MFBNN’s input dimensions to four and five by incorporating inflow parameters (Mach number and angle of attack). The results demonstrate the MFBNN’s capability to construct robust, generalized data fusion models adaptable to varying flow conditions, highlighting its potential for real-world aerodynamic design and analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 106804"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144911548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106794
Joseph J. Marziale, Jason Sun, David Salac, James Chen
{"title":"Grid-agnostic volume of fluid approach with interface sharpening and surface tension for compressible multiphase flows","authors":"Joseph J. Marziale, Jason Sun, David Salac, James Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interfacial diffusion associated with finite volume method (FVM) discretizations of multiphase flows creates the need for an interface sharpening mechanism. Such solutions for structured quadrilateral grids are well documented, but various engineering applications require mesh designs specific to the irregular geometry of the physical system it is modeling. Therefore this study casts interface sharpening as an antidiffusive volumetric body force whose calculation procedure is generalizable to an arbitrarily constructed grid. The force magnitude is derived at cell centers as a function of the local compressible flow characteristics and the geometry of the cell neighborhood. The flow model uses an AUSM+up based method for flux evaluation and imposes a stiffened equation of state onto each of the fluids in order to close the linear system and extract auxiliary variables. Validation tests show good agreement with the Young–Laplace condition whereby the interface converges to the analytical solution corresponding to a balance between a pressure jump and interfacial forces. Further results show the recovery of a circle starting from a shape with highly variational curvature through the combined effects of surface tension and interface sharpening. Lastly shear-driven droplet pinchoff results show good agreement with droplet shapes provided by the surrounding literature at various Weber–Ohnesorge number combinations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 106794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106783
Calista Biondic, Siva Nadarajah
{"title":"A goal-oriented adaptive sampling procedure for projection-based reduced-order models with hyperreduction","authors":"Calista Biondic, Siva Nadarajah","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Projection-based reduced-order models (PROMs) are an invaluable tool for efficiently generating approximate solutions to high-dimensional, differential equation-based computational models across many applications. In the field of modern aircraft design, they are used to substitute costly computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. This work builds on a previously developed goal-oriented adaptive sampling procedure that uses adjoint-based dual-weighted residual (DWR) error indicators to guide snapshot selection. This ensures the construction of an efficient PROM in addition to providing a way to estimate the expected error introduced in the functional of interest. The key contribution of this work is the integration of hyperreduction into this goal-oriented framework—both in the ROM solution process and in the DWR error estimation. This allows the construction of a hyperreduced-order model (HROM), through the use of the energy-conserving sampling and weighting (ECSW) method, that achieves the same functional error tolerance as a standard ROM, but at a significantly lower computational cost. The approach is demonstrated on a NACA 0012 airfoil with various problem configurations. The results indicate that despite the increased basis size needed to offset the additional error introduced by hyperreduction, the updated procedure enables efficient offline HROM construction and accurate online predictions. The results in this paper are limited to steady-state CFD problems, but the approach can be extended to unsteady CFD problems and other engineering problems of interest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 106783"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106805
Murat Erbaş , Metehan Atcı , Mehmet Karaca , Atilla Bıyıkoğlu
{"title":"Accurate Computation of Multiphase Flows with high-density and pressure ratios using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics","authors":"Murat Erbaş , Metehan Atcı , Mehmet Karaca , Atilla Bıyıkoğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article discusses the applications of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) methods to propose adaptations for compressible flow problems, particularly with discontinuities: shock tube, cavitation shock tube, and shock-bubble interaction. The formulations and their parameters are obtained to solve both single-phase and multi-phase flows effectively.</div><div>The effects of the variation of artificial viscosity, variation of thermal conductivity, and particle shifting on interfacial problems are examined. The model parameters are tuned to avoid spurious oscillations while reducing numerical dissipation. It is determined that a minimum artificial viscosity constant between 0.1 and 0.5 is required for a stable interface with lower dissipation. Likewise, the minimum artificial thermal conductivity is set to 0 in order to efficiently mitigate energy discontinuities and minimize the wall heating effect. Moreover, it is noted that the integration of artificial viscosity and thermal conductivity with particle shifting does not enhance computational accuracy. The local grid refinement improves interface resolution accuracy in the shock-bubble problem, demonstrating strong accordance with experimental data in the literature while minimizing computational cost, particularly at interfaces characterized by high density and pressure ratios.</div><div>This paper examines various formulations for density and momentum equations to address the adverse effects of single and multi-phase flow problems with discontinuities. Previous research can address these multi-phase problems with density ratios of up to one hundred, whereas the suggested continuity-based density formulation and pressure difference-based momentum equation provide superior performance and stability for density ratios of sixteen thousand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 106805"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2025-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106807
Yicong Zou , Yidao Dong , Jiaxian Qin , Mingtao Liu , Wei Liu , Tiegang Tang
{"title":"A simple form of target ENO nonlinear interpolation scheme","authors":"Yicong Zou , Yidao Dong , Jiaxian Qin , Mingtao Liu , Wei Liu , Tiegang Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately capturing multiscale structures and discontinuities in compressible flows requires schemes with high resolution and minimal oscillations. Fu et al. (2016) proposed a class of Targeted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (TENO) schemes with excellent resolution and robustness. However, the nonlinear weights in the TENO scheme are more complex than in the classical WENO scheme. This study proposes a simple form of fifth-order TENO nonlinear interpolation scheme that eliminates the need for exponentiation and divisions, significantly enhancing computational efficiency. A mapping relationship between the dissipation control parameters of the new scheme and the original TENO scheme is provided, ensuring similar numerical performance. To evaluate the new scheme, it is implemented within the framework of the Weighted Compact Nonlinear Scheme (WCNS) as a form of Target Compact Nonlinear Scheme (TCNS). Numerical results show that the new scheme offers an average computational cost reduction of 26.2% compared to the original TENO scheme. The computational cost of the present scheme is 0.84-1.15 times that of the classical JS-type scheme (Liu et al., 1994), varying with test cases. This work provides a new perspective on the TENO scheme, focusing on the cutoff condition rather than the nonlinear weights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 106807"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2025-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106772
Bindi M. Nagda , Aaron Barrett , Boyce E. Griffith , Aaron L. Fogelson , Jian Du
{"title":"Adaptive mesh refinement for two-phase viscoelastic fluid mixture models","authors":"Bindi M. Nagda , Aaron Barrett , Boyce E. Griffith , Aaron L. Fogelson , Jian Du","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiphase flows are an important class of fluid flow, and their study facilitates the development of diverse applications in industrial, natural, and biomedical systems. We consider a model that uses a continuum description of both phases in which separate momentum equations are used for each phase along with a co-incompressibility condition on the velocity fields. The resulting system of equations poses numerical challenges because of the presence of multiple non-linear terms and the co-incompressibility condition, and the resulting fluid dynamics motivate the development of an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) technique to accurately capture regions of high stresses and large material gradients while keeping computational costs low. We present an accurate, robust, and efficient computational method for simulating multiphase mixtures on adaptive grids, and utilize a multigrid solver to precondition the saddle-point system. We demonstrate that the AMR discretization asymptotically approaches second order accuracy in <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> and <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>∞</mi></mrow></msup></math></span> norms. The solver can accurately resolve sharp gradients in the solution and, with the multigrid preconditioning strategy introduced herein, the linear solver iterations are independent of grid spacing. Our AMR solver offers a major cost savings benefit, providing up to ten fold speedup over a uniform grid in the numerical experiments presented here, with greater speedup possible depending on the problem set-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 106772"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106802
Chentao Wang , Kun Li , Peng Li , Ming Li
{"title":"High-accuracy pseudo arc-length method based on Toro–Vázquez splitting","authors":"Chentao Wang , Kun Li , Peng Li , Ming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solving hyperbolic conservation law equations accurately remains a challenging task. The notable feature of this system of equations is that, regardless of whether the initial conditions are smooth, solutions containing both strong and weak discontinuities will eventually emerge as time evolves, and these discontinuous solutions will further propagate over time. To address this type of singularly strong discontinuities, a high-accuracy pseudo arc-length method (PALM) based on the Toro–Vázquez (TV) splitting is proposed in this paper. The method realizes the adaptive adjustment of the mesh by introducing the arc-length constraint equations, which reduces the domain of influence of the singularities and indirectly eliminates and attenuates the singularity of the equations. In the high order reconstruction stage, it is mapped to the computational arc-length space and combined with the optimized weighted essentially non-oscillatory-z (WENO-Z) scheme, so that the subtle changes and complex structures in the flow can be captured and resolved to the greatest extent. Meanwhile, the high-accuracy pseudo arc-length method is combined with the positivity-preserving Harten–Lax–van Leer (HLL) scheme to form a composite format that is both stable and robust. This combination allows the algorithm to maintain excellent computational stability and accuracy when dealing with complex flows and extreme conditions. Numerical example results show that the pseudo arc-length method based on Toro–Vázquez splitting not only maintains the high accuracy property, but also performs well in dealing with shock waves and high-frequency wave flow problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 106802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2025-08-18DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106792
Tomáš Levý , Georg May
{"title":"Towards a robust time-accurate anisotropically adaptive hybridized discontinuous Galerkin method","authors":"Tomáš Levý , Georg May","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metric-based anisotropic mesh adaptation has proven effective for the solution of both steady and unsteady problems in terms of reduced computational time and accuracy gain. Especially for time-dependent problems, its generalization to implicit high-order space and time discretizations is, nevertheless, still a challenging task as it requires great care to preserve consistency and stability of the numerical solution. In this regard, the objective of the present work is two-fold. First, we devise an accurate unsteady mesh adaptation algorithm, and second, we introduce a new solution transfer between anisotropic meshes, which preserves the local minima and maxima. Our findings are based on a hybridized discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) solver with diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta (DIRK) time integration, whereas the main focus is on problems for two-dimensional Euler equations including moving shocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 106792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers & FluidsPub Date : 2025-08-18DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106803
Fausto Dicech , Riccardo Zamolo , Lucia Parussini
{"title":"Parametric reduced order model built from RBF-FD meshless simulations of flow and temperature fields in a 3D pipe with wavy surfaces","authors":"Fausto Dicech , Riccardo Zamolo , Lucia Parussini","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The building of a Proper Orthogonal Decomposition based Reduced Order Model (ROM) representation from Radial Basis Function-generated Finite Differences (RBF-FD) meshless simulations is proposed, thus introducing a novel and original approach to the analysis of parametric problems. The RBF-FD meshless method is most suitable when solving thermofluid dynamic problems on parametric domains, because it can handle complex geometries and large deformations without the need for mesh, grid, or tessellation generation and refinement. A simple distribution of nodes over the domain is only needed, and the convergence rate of RBF-FD methods can be easily increased. Nevertheless, a reliable exploration of the parameter space still requires many simulations to capture the behaviour of the analysed system. So, reduced order modelling methods can be used to significantly speed up the analysis, aiming to accurately describe the physical process with a relatively small number of degrees of freedom. In particular, we want to compare the capability of a low-fidelity approximation of the problem and a ROM built from a few high-fidelity simulations to represent the parametric solution. The intent is to understand how to exploit the two models to achieve the best multi-fidelity ROM representation of the parametric problem. The approach is applied to the parametric analysis of flow and temperature fields in a 3D pipe with wavy surfaces, considering geometric and physical parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 106803"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}