{"title":"Enjoy the Ride Consciously with CAWA: Context-Aware Advisory Warnings for Automated Driving","authors":"Erfan Pakdamanian, Erzhen Hu, Shili Sheng, Sarit Kraus","doi":"10.1145/3543174.3546835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543174.3546835","url":null,"abstract":"In conditionally automated driving, drivers decoupled from driving while immersed in non-driving-related tasks (NDRTs) could potentially either miss the system-initiated takeover request (TOR) or a sudden TOR may startle them. To better prepare drivers for a safer takeover in an emergency, we propose novel context-aware advisory warnings (CAWA) for automated driving to gently inform drivers. This will help them stay vigilant while engaging in NDRTs. The key innovation is that CAWA adapts warning modalities according to the context of NDRTs. We conducted a user study to investigate the effectiveness of CAWA. The study results show that CAWA has statistically significant effects on safer takeover behavior, improved driver situational awareness, less attention demand, and more positive user feedback, compared with uniformly distributed speech-based warnings across all NDRTs.","PeriodicalId":284749,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121728439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amr Gomaa, Alexandra Alles, Elena Meiser, L. Rupp, Marco Molz, Guillermo Reyes
{"title":"What’s on your mind? A Mental and Perceptual Load Estimation Framework towards Adaptive In-vehicle Interaction while Driving","authors":"Amr Gomaa, Alexandra Alles, Elena Meiser, L. Rupp, Marco Molz, Guillermo Reyes","doi":"10.1145/3543174.3546840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543174.3546840","url":null,"abstract":"Several researchers have focused on studying driver cognitive behavior and mental load for in-vehicle interaction while driving. Adaptive interfaces that vary with mental and perceptual load levels could help in reducing accidents and enhancing the driver experience. In this paper, we analyze the effects of mental workload and perceptual load on psychophysiological dimensions and provide a machine learning-based framework for mental and perceptual load estimation in a dual task scenario for in-vehicle interaction (https://github.com/amrgomaaelhady/MWL-PL-estimator). We use off-the-shelf non-intrusive sensors that can be easily integrated into the vehicle’s system. Our statistical analysis shows that while mental workload influences some psychophysiological dimensions, perceptual load shows little effect. Furthermore, we classify the mental and perceptual load levels through the fusion of these measurements, moving towards a real-time adaptive in-vehicle interface that is personalized to user behavior and driving conditions. We report up to 89% mental workload classification accuracy and provide a real-time minimally-intrusive solution.","PeriodicalId":284749,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130228649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cause-and-Effect Analysis of ADAS: A Comparison Study between Literature Review and Complaint Data","authors":"Jackie Ayoub, Zifei Wang, Meitang Li, Huizhong Guo, Rini Sherony, Shan Bao, Feng Zhou","doi":"10.1145/3543174.3547117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543174.3547117","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are designed to improve vehicle safety. However, it is difficult to achieve such benefits without understanding the causes and limitations of the current ADAS and their possible solutions. This study 1) investigated the limitations and solutions of ADAS through a literature review, 2) identified the causes and effects of ADAS through consumer complaints using natural language processing models, and 3) compared the major differences between the two. These two lines of research identified similar categories of ADAS causes, including human factors, environmental factors, and vehicle factors. However, academic research focused more on human factors of ADAS issues and proposed advanced algorithms to mitigate such issues while drivers complained more of vehicle factors of ADAS failures, which led to associated top consequences. The findings from these two sources tend to complement each other and provide important implications for the improvement of ADAS in the future.","PeriodicalId":284749,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116507180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick Ebel, Moritz Berger, Christoph Lingenfelder, Andreas Vogelsang
{"title":"How Do Drivers Self-Regulate their Secondary Task Engagements? The Effect of Driving Automation on Touchscreen Interactions and Glance Behavior","authors":"Patrick Ebel, Moritz Berger, Christoph Lingenfelder, Andreas Vogelsang","doi":"10.1145/3543174.3545173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543174.3545173","url":null,"abstract":"With ever-improving driver assistance systems and large touchscreens becoming the main in-vehicle interface, drivers are more tempted than ever to engage in distracting non-driving-related tasks. However, little research exists on how driving automation affects drivers’ self-regulation when interacting with center stack touchscreens. To investigate this, we employ multilevel models on a real-world driving dataset consisting of 10,139 sequences. Our results show significant differences in drivers’ interaction and glance behavior in response to varying levels of driving automation, vehicle speed, and road curvature. During partially automated driving, drivers are not only more likely to engage in secondary touchscreen tasks, but their mean glance duration toward the touchscreen also increases by 12 % (Level 1) and 20 % (Level 2) compared to manual driving. We further show that the effect of driving automation on drivers’ self-regulation is larger than that of vehicle speed and road curvature. The derived knowledge can facilitate the safety evaluation of infotainment systems and the development of context-aware driver monitoring systems.","PeriodicalId":284749,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127736639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chao Wang, Derck Chu, Brady Michael Kuhl, Matti Krüger, Thomas H. Weisswange
{"title":"Hybrid Eyes: Design and Evaluation of the Prediction-Level Cooperative Driving with a Real-World Automated Driving System","authors":"Chao Wang, Derck Chu, Brady Michael Kuhl, Matti Krüger, Thomas H. Weisswange","doi":"10.1145/3543174.3546832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3543174.3546832","url":null,"abstract":"While automated driving systems (ADS) have progressed fast in recent years, there are still various situations in which an ADS cannot perform as well as a human driver. Being able to anticipate situations, particularly when it comes to predicting the behaviour of surrounding traffic, is one of the key elements for ensuring safety and comfort. As humans are still surpassing state-of-the-art ADS in this task, this led to the development of a new concept, called prediction-level cooperation, in which the human can help the ADS to better anticipate the behaviour of other road users. Following this concept, we implemented an interactive prototype, called Prediction-level Cooperative Automated Driving system (PreCoAD), which allows human drivers to intervene in an existing ADS that has been validated on the public road, via gaze-based input and visual output. In a driving simulator study, 15 participants drove different highway scenarios with plain automation and with automation using the PreCoAD system. The results show that the PreCoAD concept can enhance automated driving performance and provide a positive user experience. Follow-up interviews with participants also revealed the importance of making the system’s reasoning process more transparent.","PeriodicalId":284749,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115964134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}