Political Behavior: Race最新文献

{"title":"Same-Sex Couples and the Marital Surplus: The Importance of the Legal Environment","authors":"D. Hamermesh, Scott Delhommer","doi":"10.3386/w26875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w26875","url":null,"abstract":"Same-sex couples’ marital surplus, their excess total income over that predicted by their work times and predicted wages, increases little as the duration of their relationship lengthens. When/where same-sex marriage is legal, it rises sharply as duration increases. The availability of legal domestic partnership or civil union has no effect on the surplus. The likelihood of home ownership conditional on demographic characteristics also increases with partnerships’ duration only when/where same-sex marriage is legal. These results, based on data from the American Community Survey 2013-17, support the notion that greater legal protection enhances partners’ incentives to invest in their relationship.","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132615613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Board Characteristics and Audit Quality: The Moderating Role of Gender Diversity","authors":"Musa Saidu, Hope Osayantin Aifuwa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3544733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3544733","url":null,"abstract":"The incessant corporate scandals engulfing the corporate world today calls for great concern, also even the so-called big four recently have had their fair share of this blame too. Against this backdrop, we investigated to investigate the impact of board characteristics on audit quality of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study was driven by the positivist research philosophy and a deductive research approach using a multi-method quantitative research design. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to summarize the data and to draw inference on the population studied. We employed the Binary Probit Regression in testing the hypotheses stated. Findings revealed that board size had a positive and significant relationship on audit quality. The study found no evidence on the relationship between board independence, female gender on audit quality. The study also found no evidence on the moderating effect of the presence of a female on the board on the nexus between board independence and audit quality. The study concluded that board characteristics do not affect audit quality. Hence, we recommended that the Non-executive director on the board should be reduced in manufacturing firms to improve audit quality.","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124053907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different Handicrafts Training Programmes for Tribal People in Jharkhand: A Review","authors":"Ranjana Agarwal, Gunjan Malhotra, Syeedun Nisa, M. Pruthi, Pallavi Kumar, Pawan Lodhi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3375916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3375916","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper makes an attempt to study the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG’s) of Jharkhand, India. They are small groups constituting 3.9% of total Schedule Tribe’s Population of India. The main aim of the paper is to examine existing training programmes for handicrafts in Jharkhand and examine their strengths and weaknesses in regard to tribal people. The paper looks at feasibility of livelihood option through handicrafts of two tribal groups, Sabars and Birhor residing in Jharkhand. The paper evaluated the training programme in terms of deficiency. Recommendations are also given to improve deficiency","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129609623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing Immigrant Inclusion: Family History, Empathy, and Immigration in the United States","authors":"Scott Williamson, Claire L. Adida, Adeline Lo, Melina R. Platas, Lauren Prather, Seth H. Werfel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3541943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3541943","url":null,"abstract":"Immigration is a highly polarized issue in the United States, and negative attitudes toward immigrants are common. Yet, almost all Americans are descended from people who originated outside the United States. Can this common history overcome the intense polarization that migration policy elicits? In this paper, we draw from recent studies showing that perspective taking decreases prejudice toward out-groups to investigate whether priming Americans on their own immigration history induces more support for immigrants and immigration. We test this hypothesis with three separate survey experiments conducted over the past two years. Our findings show that priming family history - a light touch intervention - generates small but consistent inclusionary effects on attitudes toward immigrants and immigration policy. These effects are immediate, and occur even among partisan subgroups and Americans who approve of President Trump. Furthermore, we provide evidence that increased empathy for immigrants constitutes the mechanism driving these effects. Our consistent results contribute to growing experimental literature on prejudice reduction and migration by suggesting an important role for empathy in shifting attitudes toward immigration.","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116445632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrimination of Women at RMG Sector in Bangladesh","authors":"","doi":"10.31014/aior.1991.03.01.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1991.03.01.152","url":null,"abstract":"Women are discriminated in professional, personal and community levels by their male counterpart across the globe in general. More specifically, women are not treated equally at workplace in many societies due to the dominance of patriarchal social system and traditional norms. Women equity and empowerment are spoken widely, but these are not practiced in reality. The primary aim of this study is to explore the women’s current position and status at the workplace in Ready Made Garments (RMG) sector in Bangladesh in terms of wages, promotions, safety and security. Secondly, this paper highlights the challenges that women face at RMG. This paper adopts qualitative approach to study this crucial issues. This study also congregates and analyses the most pertinent data both from the existing literature and primary sources. In-depth Interviews (IDIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) have been conducted among the female RMG workers appointed in different industrial zones in Bangladesh. This study has some remarkable findings such as, a) women employee do not get proper respect at workplace from their male colleagues. b) Women are often harassed verbally by their male coworkers. c) Owners, managers and supervisors have the bad intention to fulfill their sexual desire with female workers. d) Male supervisors often force their female subordinates to do overtime till the late night. e) Though female workers are doing the same job, but they do not get proper justice in terms of getting desired job posting, salary on time and promotions based on their skills and competencies. Finally, this study focuses on resolving the issues of gender discrimination at the workplace and contributes towards the equity and empowerment of women in RMG sector in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":" 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120832605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Groups and the Effectiveness of Protests","authors":"M. Battaglini, R. Morton, Eleonora Patacchini","doi":"10.3386/w26757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w26757","url":null,"abstract":"We present an informational theory of public protests, according to which public protests allow citizens to aggregate privately dispersed information and signal it to the policy maker. The model predicts that information sharing of signals within social groups can facilitate information aggregation when the social groups are sufficiently large even when it is not predicted with individual signals. We use experiments in the laboratory and on Amazon Mechanical Turk to test these predictions. We find that information sharing in social groups significantly affects citizens' protest decisions and as a consequence mitigates the effects of high conflict, leading to greater efficiency in policy makers' choices. Our experiments highlight that social media can play an important role in protests beyond simply a way in which citizens can coordinate their actions; and indeed that the information aggregation and the coordination motives behind public protests are intimately connected and cannot be conceptually separated.","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131022772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Religious Organization Under Oppressive Regulation: The Official and Underground Church in Czechoslovakia","authors":"Pavol Minarik","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3506694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3506694","url":null,"abstract":"The operation of a religious organization under an oppressive regime, such as in communist countries, differs from that in a free society. There is extensive literature on the effects of regulation on the competition in religious markets and the religiosity of a population. Less attention has been given to the effects of oppressive regulation that aims to control and possibly eliminate religion rather than to promote a particular religious group. This paper focuses on the specific question of how a church deals with oppressive regulation, particularly how it chooses between legal and illegal operation. It proposes that both the official and the black-market way of supplying religious services have some advantages and disadvantages, and that dual operation is advantageous if it is possible at all. The paper examines the operation of the Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia under the Communist regime, one of the most oppressive communist regimes in Eastern Europe, and the choice of the Church to operate both officially and secretly.","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114890066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Promoting a Merit-Based Immigration System Can Help Alleviate the DACA Problem","authors":"José V. Gallegos","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3519864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3519864","url":null,"abstract":"The Supreme Court began hearing arguments on November 12, 2019 as to whether the Department of Homeland Security’s decision to wind down the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy is judicially reviewable, and whether DHS’s decision to wind down the DACA policy is lawful. The likely wind down of DACA will affect more than 700,000 individuals who came to the U.S. as children without proper documentation, commonly referred to as “Dreamers,” after the DREAM Act was proposed in 2017, but failed to pass. \u0000 \u0000They are generally college-educated, high-skilled workers, members of the military, and heads of families that include U.S. citizen children. Despite overwhelming support (Recent polls indicate that 86% of the American public would like to see those who qualify for DACA granted residency), Congress has failed to provide these individuals with an opportunity to obtain permanent residency. \u0000 \u0000This paper stresses the problems with the current immigration system, emphasizing the need to change the current employment-based visa system that has not been updated to keep up with technological advances in the growing international economy. \u0000 \u0000Although many companies in the country publicly “stand with” those affected by the likely repeal of DACA, lobbying for a change in the employment-based system to allow for qualified individuals to obtain residency through work visas is a better approach than pushing for amnesty, which has failed in the past. \u0000 \u0000Allowing DACA recipients to qualify for employment-based visas alleviates unemployment in the United States while also rewarding those individuals who obtained the skills and education to stay competitive in the current career market.","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134504703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Economy of Identity Formation: Theory and Evidence from India","authors":"Sourav Bhattacharya, A. Mukherjee, Soham Kumar Paul","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3780674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3780674","url":null,"abstract":"An individual is characterized by several ascriptive markers like race, religion, language and so on. In this paper, we provide a general theory of how one dimension of identity, or a composite of several dimensions becomes politically salient. In our model, exogenous institutional or technological shocks create different degrees of inequality across different dimensions. Political mobilization over redistribution of surplus occurs along the (possibly endogenous) dimension along which the surplus is most unequally distributed. We substantiate our theoretical results by providing empirical evidence from the rise of caste parties in the mid-nineties in India. Economic liberalization in early nineties raised the returns to human capital which was disproportionately distributed among the upper castes. We show that vote shares for caste-based parties in northern India went up in districts which were exposed more to trade liberalization.","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123371093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workplace Positive Actions, Trans People's Self-Esteem and Human Resources' Evaluations","authors":"Vasiliki Bozani, Nick Drydakis, Katerina Sidiropoulou, B. Harvey, A. Paraskevopoulou","doi":"10.1108/ijm-03-2019-0153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijm-03-2019-0153","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical patterns regarding trans people’s self-esteem-oriented evaluations during observations of positive workplace actions. The case of a 2015 UK workplace guide is utilized to fulfil the aims. The guide provides suggestions to employers for recruiting and retaining trans people.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A new questionnaire is created which forms a 20-item scale capturing a variety of self-evaluations. Trans people provided their responses in a 2018–2019 survey and the study’s patterns were captured.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The outcomes suggest that trans people’s self-esteem and self-respect are enhanced by policy makers’ positive actions to promote inclusivity in the workplace. In addition, due to these actions trans people feel more accepted, valued and trusted by the government. The authors suggest that a lack of positive workplace actions may be detrimental to trans people’s self-esteem. However, if a workplace policy is perceived to be a recognition of trans people’s worth this may be internalized, resulting in positive self-evaluations. The authors suggest that the 2015 workplace guide aims to ensure that trans people’s self-expressions are not constrained in ways that could cause them self-esteem difficulties.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The study also finds that firms which have implemented the workplace guide have informed human resources strategies, affected corporate profiles and staff organizational behaviours, created a more inclusive workplace culture, and addressed LGBT business and trans staff members’ needs. The authors suggest that when employers utilize policy makers’ positive workplace policies they may be able to realize positive organizational outcomes in their firms.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000The World Health Organization perceives self-esteem as a public matter and this study suggests that inclusive workplace strategies can positively affect the psychological states of a highly marginalized population group.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the first attempt to quantify how a workplace guide impacts on self-esteem-oriented evaluations among trans people. Each one of the 20 items in the scale brings new insights into the subject matter.\u0000","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"389 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114088096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}