Luoning Zhang , Cheng Zou , Yanzi Gao , Meina Yu , Huai Yang
{"title":"A multistage modulated smart window based on fluorinated polymer/ liquid crystal composites with passive radiative cooling characteristics","authors":"Luoning Zhang , Cheng Zou , Yanzi Gao , Meina Yu , Huai Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Passive radiative cooling (PRC) smart windows have been studied in the energy-saving field due to their superior cooling effect. However, developing low-cost interfacial microstructures that can be manufactured on a large scale and achieving effective radiative cooling remains a challenge. Herein, a PRC smart window is proposed based on Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC), which possess rich phase-separated structures. Results demonstrate that fluorinated crosslinkers and acrylate monomers can significantly improve electro-optical properties. The PDLC smart window can dynamically regulate the transmittance of near-infrared (NIR) bands, resulting in a maximum temperature difference of 4.12 °C compared to the control sample. Meanwhile, the high emissivity in mid-infrared band enables it to attain a theoretical maximum daytime cooling power of 73.38 W/m<sup>2</sup> and a nighttime cooling rate of 122.84 W/m<sup>2</sup>. Therefore, it is anticipated that our research findings can provide new ideas for the development of PRC and energy-saving materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 108980"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyeokbae Kwon, Soyeon Kwon, Seungho Park, Sanghyuk Lee, Hyun-Taek Lee
{"title":"Cellulose nanofibrils enhanced UV curable ferromagnetic resin for 3D printing of magnetoactive soft materials","authors":"Hyeokbae Kwon, Soyeon Kwon, Seungho Park, Sanghyuk Lee, Hyun-Taek Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3D printing technology enables the efficient fabrication of complex microstructures, significantly benefiting applications in soft robotics. 3D printing technology efficiently fabricates complex microstructures, particularly benefiting applications in soft robotics. Integrates active materials into 3D printing resins enabling responses to external stimuli especially to magnetic fields. In this study, we introduce cellulose nanofibrils as a rheology modifier in ferromagnetic 3D printing resins, providing a novel approach to enhancing actuation performance. The incorporation of cellulose nanofibrils maintains settlement inhibition and restricts shear modulus increase, thereby preserving the resin’s intrinsic properties and offering improved control over rheological characteristics. The addition of cellulose nanofibrils to ferromagnetic 3D printing resins retains essential properties such as tensile strength, shear modulus, and magnetization, ensuring the functionality of the material in soft robotic applications without compromising its inherent qualities. This research advances the understanding of the impact of rheology modifiers on the performance of ferromagnetic 3D printed material. Furthermore, this study enhances magneto-mechanical actuation and provides a new perspective on the fabrication of high-performance ferromagnetic 3D printed robots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 108965"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yin Yu , Lisheng Xu , Siqi Liu , Gege Gu , Yufeng Chen , Haochen Yuan , Hsu-Chiang Kuan , Jianbang Liu , Qingshi Meng , Jun Ma
{"title":"Eco-friendly, mechanically robust, weather-resistant and rapidly cured polyurea elastomer synthesized by vat photopolymerization 3D printing","authors":"Yin Yu , Lisheng Xu , Siqi Liu , Gege Gu , Yufeng Chen , Haochen Yuan , Hsu-Chiang Kuan , Jianbang Liu , Qingshi Meng , Jun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vat photopolymerization (VP) 3D printing is increasingly employed for efficient elastomer production. However, the printed elastomers often exhibit unsatisfactory mechanical properties, and the process involves harmful volatile substances. Polyurea elastomers, which have a fast reaction rate and high viscosity during synthesis, pose challenges for solvent-free or diluent-free VP 3D printing. This study developed an eco-friendly, mechanically robust and rapidly cured polyurea elastomer by VP 3D printing. The synthesis rate and viscosity of polyurea prepolymer were reduced by controlling the reaction time and stirring speed for reactions without solvent and diluent. Novel urea-acryl resins were designed by employing two acrylic monomers. The mechanical properties of the UV-cured polyurea elastomer were further enhanced through graphene incorporation. The polyurea/graphene nanocomposite at an optimal graphene loading of 0.10 wt% exhibited tensile strength of 12.9 MPa, and elongation at break of 399.2 %. These values correspond to increments of 76.7 % and 66.8 %, respectively, over the neat DLP polyurea elastomer. Moreover, these photocured elastomers exhibited excellent recyclability and weather resistance. The innovative synthesis strategy offers a solution to the mechanical limitations of photocured resins while minimizing environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 108985"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiana Bagnato , Anil R. Ravindran , Adrian C. Orifici , Everson Kandare , Raj B. Ladani
{"title":"Interfacial fatigue performance of hybrid titanium to composite joints reinforced with 3D printed pins","authors":"Tiana Bagnato , Anil R. Ravindran , Adrian C. Orifici , Everson Kandare , Raj B. Ladani","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titanium micro-pins have been reported to enhance the modes I and II interlaminar fracture toughness of titanium-to-composite joints. In this study, we examined the enhancement of modes I and II interlaminar fatigue crack growth resistance of titanium-to-composite joints using 3D printed titanium micro-pins created using selective laser melting (SLM). The joints were formed by printing an orthogonal array of thin (1.0 mm diameter) titanium micro-pins over the titanium substrate using SLM, which were then embedded into a carbon-epoxy composite substrate to create a micro-pin reinforced bondline interface. Interlaminar fatigue experiments were conducted under cyclic displacement control conditions using the Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) and End Notch Flexure (ENF) test methods. Under modes I and II cyclic loading, pinned joints exhibited significantly higher strain energy release rates for equivalent crack growth rates due to the micro-pins forming a crack bridging zone behind the crack tip, enhancing fatigue crack growth resistance compared to unpinned joints. The micro-pins increased the modes I and II cyclic critical strain energy release rate value by 18-fold and 4-fold, respectively. A single micro-pin cyclic testing was also performed to investigate the efficacy of the SLM Ti-pins for generating bridging traction loads under fatigue loading. The fatigue test results are presented together with fractographic evidence of the fatigue strengthening and toughening mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 108984"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhihui Zhang, Jianxin Deng, Shenghan Cao, Ran Wang, Jiaxing Wu, Yang Lu, Yichen Bao
{"title":"Microstructure and high-temperature tribological properties of electro-jet mask printing (CFx)n/CaF2-ZrO2 interlaced coatings","authors":"Zhihui Zhang, Jianxin Deng, Shenghan Cao, Ran Wang, Jiaxing Wu, Yang Lu, Yichen Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The (CF<sub>x</sub>)<sub>n</sub>/CaF<sub>2</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> interlaced coating was prepared using electro-jet mask printing technology. The effects of CaF<sub>2</sub> content (0, 25, 50 wt%) on its microstructure, adhesion strength, and wear properties against 304 stainless steel balls at high temperatures (25, 200, 400 °C) were investigated. The results indicated that the interlaced structure of the coating helped prevent the loss of lubricant particles and reduced the actual contact area between the counterparts. The addition of CaF<sub>2</sub> reduced the surface roughness and porosity of the (CF<sub>x</sub>)<sub>n</sub> coating and suppressed thermal weight loss and fatigue peeling of the coating. At 25 °C, the (CF<sub>x</sub>)<sub>n</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> interlaced coating showed the lowest friction coefficient of ∼ 0.13, although the brittle CaF<sub>2</sub> particles hindered lubrication. At 200 °C, the presence of CaF<sub>2</sub> reduced the wear rate of the friction pair. At 400 °C, the interlaced coating with 25 wt% CaF<sub>2</sub> showed the lowest friction coefficient of ∼ 0.29, and both the coating and counterpart had low wear rates. This improvement was primarily attributed to the brittle-to-ductile transition of CaF<sub>2</sub> at high temperatures and the formation of new lubricants. Adhesive wear, oxidative wear, and delamination were the predominant wear mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 108978"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Continuous processes in discontinuous phenomena: A novel multiscale model based on MD and DEM to investigate the energy absorption mechanism of SiCf/SiC composites","authors":"Fuyuan Li, Cungui Yu, Jie Ren, Jianlin Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a novel multiscale model that integrates molecular dynamics (MD) and the discrete element method (DEM) is introduced to facilitate an in-depth investigation of energy absorption mechanisms. By integrating the damage evolution of the matrix obtained through MD with a Soft-Bond contact model in the DEM, a formula for the softening factor is derived, enabling the transfer of continuous damage behavior from the nanoscale to the microscale. A microscale RVE model that takes into account the discontinuous damage behavior observed at the microscale is then developed to conduct uniaxial tension simulations using the DEM. Results indicate that, compared to experimental data, the stress–strain curve from this model exhibits a root mean square deviation of only 5.7 % in the progressive damage stage, with the final fracture strength differing by just 3 %. While the matrix undergoes an 85 % reduction in elastic modulus at the initial damage saturation state, its cumulative energy absorption prior to complete material failure<!--> <!-->accounts for 66.4 % of the total energy dissipation. Furthermore, loading–unloading experiments were conducted to further validate the robustness and accuracy of this multi-scale model. The multi-scale model provides a bridge for the transfer of mechanical behavior from the nanoscale to the macroscale and can be used in future investigations of strain rate effects in discontinuous media and its thermodynamic studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 108974"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In-situ SR-CT experimental study on rapid densification mechanisms of SiCw/Al composites: Orientation and structural arrangement of whisker","authors":"Yuanjie Wang, Yu Xiao, Yulong Li, Xiaofang Hu, Feng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For Al matrix composites, SiC whiskers (SiC<sub>w</sub>), as reinforcement, have a better ability to improve the strength and toughness of the material than particles. However, the current mechanical properties of SiC<sub>w</sub>/Al composites are still not up to expectations because of more complex factors such as whisker orientation and structure distribution. The key to achieve mechanical property optimization and breakthrough is to understand the relationship among the external field energy, microstructure and sintering process during the preparation of materials. In the present paper, the whole process of SiC<sub>w</sub>/Al composites microstructure evolution was observed accurately by in situ SR-CT experiment during microwave rapid sintering process. It was revealed that the densification effect of the sample was obviously better than that when the SiC whisker and Al particle neck are perpendicular to each other. It was found that the when the SiC whiskers located in the neck of Al particles were cross-distributed, the matrix density increased more. The angle between the cross-arranged whiskers had a key influence on the densification process of the material. It provided more understanding for the preparation of high performance SiC<sub>w</sub>/Al composites and raised the possibility for the preparation of more functional materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 108975"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Residual mechanical properties of bio-inspired carbon-based composites with multilayer toughened shell-pearl structure","authors":"Ruicong Chen , Jian Zhang , Jiaqi Hou , Yulei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shells are natural composites with outstanding mechanical properties, achieved through a combination of calcium carbonate flakes and organic layers arrangements. Here, inspired by the layered structure of shell pearl, we report a C<sub>f</sub>/(PyC/SiC)<sub>n</sub> composites with high residual strength and good anti-ablation properties prepared via one-step chemical vapor infiltration method. The layered biomimetic structure increased the sliding resistance induced by the clamping stress to promote cracks deflection at multi-layer interface, where multiple crack initiation at a PyC weak layer followed by crack deflection in a SiC tough layer. The flexural strength of as-prepared C<sub>f</sub>/(PyC/SiC)<sub>5</sub> composite was significantly improved about 55.7 % in comparation to C<sub>f</sub>/PyC/SiC composite. After ablation, the flexural strength of C<sub>f</sub>/(PyC/SiC)<sub>5</sub> composite degraded by only 11.2 %, while that of C<sub>f</sub>/PyC/SiC composite reduced about 32.4 %. This work is expected to provide insights for the preparation of high-performance carbon-based composites, with promising applications as thermal protection materials in aerodynamic heating environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 108977"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shengping Li , Bilin Zhang , Liangkang Huang , Jiaxin Qin , Jinlong Gao , Pengfei He , Wei Fan , Jianwei Li
{"title":"Piezoelectric spray for rapid fabrication of self-powered sensor based on sustainable textiles","authors":"Shengping Li , Bilin Zhang , Liangkang Huang , Jiaxin Qin , Jinlong Gao , Pengfei He , Wei Fan , Jianwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the principle of low-carbon economy, the fabrication and design of flexible sensors with self-power and low manufacturing cost remain challenges in smart wearable electronic systems. In this study, we fabricated a self-powered piezoelectric sensor based on sustainable textiles that can be rapidly manufactured by a functional spray solution made of fluorinated polyimide (FPI) with high solubility in acetone. The as-prepared piezoelectric sensor shows excellent flexibility and enhanced intelligent sensor monitoring capabilities through incorporating barium titanate nanoparticles (BTO), while also achieving the recycling of discarded textiles. The piezoelectric sensor derived from piezoelectric spray with 20 wt% BTO concentration exhibits high piezoelectricity with output voltages reaching up to 80 V for human body detection. Furthermore, the integration of the sensor with an IoT chip-based wireless signal transmission system enables remote monitoring and emergency assistance via mobile devices, facilitating its application in smart electronic systems with great potential for application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 108979"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of the 90/0 ply thickness ratio on the stresses associated with the edge effect phenomenon","authors":"S. Sánchez-Carmona, A. Barroso, E. Correa","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>scale effect</em> phenomenon has shed light on the thermo-mechanical behaviour of ultra-thin plies. These laminas in cross-ply laminates (under certain 90/0 thickness ratios) have given rise to a relevant <em>edge effect</em> phenomenon, causing significant through-the-thickness stress in the weakest ply along its free edge under both thermal and (0-longitudinal tension) mechanical loading. Thus, a biaxial stress state must be considered to analyse what happens along the free edges from experimental samples to structural components, such as drill holes. A parametric numerical analysis is performed taking three different features into account: the thickness of the ply blocks, the cross-ply stacking sequences and the type of fibre, either carbon or glass. The numerical predictions are in accordance with experimental results, which are obtained under a thermal cooldown. The biaxial stress state predictions could be used in future numerical procedures including the presence of components’ free edges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 108961"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}