{"title":"Microstructural behavior of CNT-PDMS thin-films for multifunctional systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heterogeneous ribbed and non-ribbed carbon nanotube (CNT)-PDMS thin-film systems manufactured by large-scale rolling exhibit large-strain and high strain-rate characteristics with favorable surface behaviors, such as superhydrophobicity and drag reduction. However, it is not well understood how the multi-phase microstructure and material properties of non-ribbed thin-films are related to the surface material behavior and fracture. Hence, the objective of this investigation is to characterize the large-strain mechanical behavior and the microstructure of various CNT-PDMS compositions to understand how the CNT loading, agglomeration, distribution, and orientation affect the mechanical behavior and fracture of CNT-PDMS unribbed systems. Non-ribbed thin tensile testing specimens were fabricated for neat PDMS and CNT-PDMS with different weight CNT distributions to understand non-ribbed behavior. The ultimate strain, strength, and global stress–strain behavior were obtained by uniaxial mechanical testing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fracture surface was also obtained for each sample to analyze the microstructure and relate the damage mode to the different weight distributions. Based on these experimental measurements and observations, large-strain, hyperelastic and hyper-viscoelastic material models were used to characterize the material behavior. The hyper-viscoelastic material model was shown to provide the most accurate material description of the thin-film behavior of the viscoelastic PDMS with the high-strength CNTs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The influence of impact-induced damage on electromagnetic shielding behaviour of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increasing interest in multifunctional carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite structures for electromagnetic (EM) shielding prompts discussions on their EM shielding durability. Herein, the EM shielding effectiveness (SE) of impact damaged and artificial delamination conditioned CFRP laminates was characterised and compared to intact specimens. The SE in two frequency regimes was investigated: the UHF (0.03–1.5 GHz) and K<sub>a</sub> band (26–42 GHz). The lower frequency SE experiments demonstrated a positive effect of impact delamination, ascribed to the enhanced absorption caused by multiple reflections. Concurrently, owing to the reduced skin depth, severe damage involving fibre fracture was required to induce noticeable SE changes at higher frequencies. The effect of artificial delamination was a strong function of the lay-up, with a significant deterioration in thin cross-ply laminates due to the impaired contribution of through-the-thickness conduction loss. The lower frequency results were simulated in CST Microwave Studio, demonstrating good agreement with experimental values.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359835X24004615/pdfft?md5=0d159fbf21bef1049752f296054f158f&pid=1-s2.0-S1359835X24004615-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of P/Si liquid flame retardant via the covalent modification and in-situ dispersion strategies for improving comprehensive performance of epoxy resin","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Maintaining the balance between thermal stability, smoke suppression and mechanical properties of flame retardant epoxy resin (EP) systems has been very challenging in industry and academia. Herein, we prepared a P/Si flame retardant fluid (KHDOPO) to modify expandable graphite (EG) through covalent modification strategy for flame retardant EP. The comprehensive performance of EP/KEG was further enhanced via the in-situ dispersion strategy. The covalent modification strategy provided a synergistic P/Si flame retardant effect for EG. The in-situ dispersion strategy further improved the dispersion properties of KEG in EP. Surprisingly, EP/KEG exhibits a UL-94 V-0 rating, limit oxygen index (LOI) value of 30.9 % and total smoke production (TSP) value of 15.5 m<sup>2</sup> with an ultralow loading of 4 wt% KEG. Besides, EP/KEG maintains superior thermal stability and mechanical properties due to ultra-low addition and better dispersion of KEG.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142162673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced mechanical property, high-temperature oxidation and ablation resistance of carbon fiber/phenolic composites reinforced by attapulgite","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To meet the thermal protection and load-bearing requirements of ultra-high-speed vehicles, it is urgent to improve the ablation resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance and mechanical properties of carbon fiber/ boron phenolic resin (CF/BPR) composites simultaneously. Herein, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified attapulgite (ASP) with abundant porous structure was successfully introduced into the CF/BPR (CF/ASPBPR). The co-effect of ceramization, high infrared emissivity, and low thermal conductivity endowed the CF/ASPBPR with desirable ablation resistance, where the linear ablation rate and mass ablation rate reduced to 0.038 mm/s and 0.035 g/s, respectively. Meanwhile, due to the high thermal stability and energy dissipation of ASP, the CF/ASPBPR also presented the interlaminar shear strength of 35.40 and 9.79 MPa before and after high-temperature treatment, which were 24 % and 63 % higher than that of CF/BPR, respectively. This study provides a promising pathway for preparing advanced thermal protection materials that can adapt to severe mechanical spalling and thermochemical erosion environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3D printing of high-stiffness and high-strength glass fiber reinforced PEEK composites by selective laser sintering","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glass fiber reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) composites are emerging as structural materials of multifunctional devices in space applications, due to their outstanding mechanical properties, electrical insulating properties, and resistance to irradiation. Here, a new approach for preparing glass fiber/PEEK powders tailored for selective laser sintering (SLS) process is proposed. The surface of glass fiber is modified with the sulfonated PEEK following the designed procedure. The flowability of glass fiber/PEEK powders is also improved by adding the nano-scale SiO<sub>2</sub> flow agent. The glass fiber reinforced PEEK composites are successfully 3D printed using the glass fiber/PEEK powders. Further, the enhancement of interfacial bonding between PEEK and glass fiber is analyzed through quasi-static tension tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the SLSed glass fiber reinforced PEEK composites. The average ultimate tensile strength reaches approximately 100 MPa using these optimal process parameters, while the average elastic modulus is around 7 GPa. Finally, the upper limit of fiber weight fraction is evaluated with the X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and the high-fidelity discrete element method (DEM) simulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vibroscope method for determination of cross-sectional area of glass and carbon fibres – Theory and further development","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate determination of cross-sectional area of glass and carbon fibres by the vibroscope method is examined. Complete derivations of the central frequency solutions are presented, to make these derivations accessible in modern scientific literature. The effect of non-zero bending stiffness is included. The influence of shape of fibre cross-sectional area is analysed. Only small deviations in cross-sectional areas are found due to fibre shape, allowing for the use of the vibroscope method for fibres with non-circular cross-sectional areas. Two correction factors are introduced for the effect of volume change and area change of a tensioned fibre, allowing determination of the cross-sectional area of the non-tensioned fibre. A model plot of the vibroscope equation is presented, showing the numerical effect of the corrections on the fibre cross-sectional area depending on the applied tension force. The relations shown by the model plot have implications for the experimental settings of the vibroscope method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359835X24004433/pdfft?md5=c2195b80c07555e4cfe00981aba15ed1&pid=1-s2.0-S1359835X24004433-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Silver with tribo-chemistry facilitation synergized with graphite particles for enhancing the tribo-performance of PEEK composites","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The proactive design of tribo-chemistry at friction interface is an effective way to improve the quality of transfer film. Herein, silver served as an assistant in tribo-chemistry, along with graphite incorporated into the short carbon fiber (SCF)/ polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) composite. The lowest wear rate of 3.5 × 10<sup>-7</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm was achieved for the composite at a graphite content of 5 wt% and a silver content of 5 wt% (Gr<sub>5</sub>Ag<sub>5</sub>) under dry friction condition, primarily benefiting from the synergistic interaction of silver and graphite. The transfer of silver and graphite to the friction interface endowed the transfer film with lubricity and load-bearing ability. Crucially, the oxides generated by silver enhanced the strength of the transfer film, and the tribo-chemical reaction involving Ag could increase the bonding of the transfer film to the metal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vibroscope method for determination of cross-sectional area of glass and carbon fibres – Experiments and analyses","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Determination of cross-sectional area of glass and carbon fibres is a critical part of mechanical testing of the fibres. The present study focuses on the vibroscope method which is based on frequency measurements of a fibre under tension. Three data analysis procedures, named simple, direct and iterative, are presented, providing estimates of the fibre cross-sectional area with increasing accuracy. The simple procedure underestimates the cross-sectional area with about 0.4 – 2.0 % and 0.4 – 3.7 % for the tested glass fibres and carbon fibres, respectively. The cross-sectional area determined by the direct procedure deviates only marginally from the most accurate cross-sectional area as determined by the iterative procedure. Histograms of cross-sectional areas of glass and carbon fibres are presented to show the large variation of cross-sectional areas between individual fibres. Stress–strain curves of the tensile tested fibres are presented, and the small variation of stress–strain curves between individual fibres contributes to the validation of the vibroscope method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359835X24004445/pdfft?md5=ea9f0a4711edab9ac63873952c2c66d9&pid=1-s2.0-S1359835X24004445-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Off-axis mechanical behavior and dynamic characteristics of UHMWPE composite laminates","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An understanding of the off-axis mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) cross-ply laminates subjected to quasi-static and dynamic loadings is developed, with focus on the influence of off-axis angle and strain rate. For off-axis tension, UHMWPE laminates exhibit polymer shear response characteristics. An orientation-hardening phenomenon is captured, as fiber rotation leads to local increment of load capacity along the loading orientation. The failure strength presents an evidentially descending trend with off-axis angle from 0° to 45°. A non-monotonic variation of strength with strain rate is further observed: increasing with strain rate up to 500 s<sup>−1</sup> but decreasing above, which is attributed to failure mode switching from plastic failure to brittle failure. The Tsai-Wu failure criterion, on homogenized cross-ply laminae, is experimentally modified with rate dependence. Further investigation on detailed information of the unidirectional properties should be conducted with the backing-out scheme to establish unidirectional failure criterion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sandwich structured metafabric created via orthogonal assembly for dual-mode thermal management","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fabrics with passive radiative cooling (PRC) capability possess great values for thermally comfortable clothes and low-carbon economy. However, all-weather thermal management is always hard to achieve due to the undesirable and ceaseless mid-infrared emission of PRC materials under all circumstances. Herein, a dual-mode thermal managing metafabric integrating PRC technology and Joule heating strategy is developed on a sandwiched structure for all-day dressing comfort. The metafabric is prepared by a versatile orthogonal assembly of oriented SEBS microfibers encapsulated with TiO<sub>2</sub> microparticles, thus yielding highly homogeneous porosity in the metafabric with 96 % sunlight reflectivity (0.3–2.5 μm) and an average emissivity of 91 % (atmospheric window). Additionally, printed EGaIn circuits are stably sandwiched in the extremely elastic metafabric to provide low-watt Joule heating ability under large-scale tensile conditions. As a result, a maximum daytime cooling effect of ∼ 13 °C and a nighttime Joule heating performance of ∼ 7°C are delivered by the dual-mode metafabric, offering all-weather thermal management for comfortable and healthy wearing. The straightforward preparation and versatility of this metafabric open a promising avenue for developing advanced thermal regulation materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}