{"title":"Machine learning based on finite element method to predict engineering constants of weft plain knitted composites","authors":"Haipeng Ren , Jiale Liu , Yang Liu , Xungai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knitted-fabric reinforced polymer composites have become an important member of modern engineering materials due to their high flexibility, high strength, lightweight and good damage tolerance. However, the elastic properties of knitted composites are affected by the complex geometry of the knitted fabric, the type of material and the knitting process. Conventional calculation methods for obtaining elastic properties of knitted composites based on a large number of experiments are time-consuming and labour-intensive. In this study of weft plain knitted composites, the finite element method (FEM) and machine learning (ML) were used jointly to replace the conventional computational models. Different weft plain knitted fabric geometrical features were pre-obtained by Pycatia and Catia, and a database of engineering constants for weft plain knitted composites was obtained based on finite element multiscale analysis. Then three machine learning models (SVR, RF, ANN) were trained to predict the engineering constants of weft plain knitted composites and the effect of input features on elastic properties was investigated based on SHAP (Shapley Additive exPlanations) analysis. Mechanical tests were also performed to verify the accuracy of the machine-learning models. The results show that the R<sup>2</sup> of all three machine learning models was higher than 0.98 and the predicted values were highly consistent with the experimental values. This study provided an accurate and efficient method for predicting the engineering constants of weft plain knitted composites, which will help in the design and optimization of advanced composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"365 ","pages":"Article 119194"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Sun , Jiabin Zhang , Kaiyu Wang , Hongneng Cai , Yun Gao
{"title":"The nonlinear mechanical behavior of plain woven composites under off-axis tension: A multiscale investigation considering yarn reorientation","authors":"Jie Sun , Jiabin Zhang , Kaiyu Wang , Hongneng Cai , Yun Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The plain woven composites exhibit a nonlinear large deformation under off-axis tensile loading, which differs much from the linear elastic small deformation under axial tensile loading. In essence, the fiber yarns shall rotate to the load direction as the off-axis tensile force is applied. This paper is dedicated to attaining an in-depth understanding on the off-axis mechanical behavior of plain woven composites. To that end, a multiscale model that accounts for the fiber reorientation is developed. It couples the interactions among macroscopic structure, mesoscopic weave constitutive model and microscopic constituent failure mechanisms. The state variables are defined to trace the orientation of the fiber yarns and build the corresponding fiber yarn frames. The constitutive relations of yarns, incorporating in-plane shear nonlinearity, are established under the respective frames to ensure that the constitutive tensors are oriented along the fiber direction. In addition, the 3D digital image correlation technique is utilized to monitor the off-axis tensile test for the sake of validation. A good agreement is found between the multiscale model and the experimental test. The proposed multiscale model is expected to benefit further the structural design and optimization of plain woven composites under multiaxial complex loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"365 ","pages":"Article 119186"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Woo-Hyeok Jang , Changmin Seok , Dongjin Park , Jaewon Shim , Minsung Kim , Hyemin Kim , Chun-Gon Kim , Jungryul Lee , Youngwoo Nam
{"title":"High-temperature corrugated-core radar stealth Ni-plated glass/bismaleimide sandwich composites","authors":"Woo-Hyeok Jang , Changmin Seok , Dongjin Park , Jaewon Shim , Minsung Kim , Hyemin Kim , Chun-Gon Kim , Jungryul Lee , Youngwoo Nam","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a high-temperature Corrugated-core Radar-Absorbing Sandwich Composite (CRASC) with stable electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption at temperatures up to 300 °C. The corrugated-core design facilitates broadband radar absorption and stable performance despite thermal fluctuations, achieving the goal of thermal insulation performance of the designed Thermal Gradient Insulation Multilayer (TGIM). Electromagnetic simulations analyzed the effect of variations in electromagnetic properties on the radar-absorbing capability of the structure. Based on these analyses, a radar-absorbing structure incorporating two corrugated cores was designed, and fabricated using an autoclave and a hot press. The − 10 dB bandwidth of the fabricated CRASC at room temperature was confirmed to be 5.8 to 17.2 GHz. The radar-absorbing performance of the fabricated specimens was evaluated in a furnace, with temperatures ranging from room temperature to 300 °C. These results confirmed that the − 10 dB bandwidth remained stable despite temperature variations while maintaining the wide absorption bandwidth and thermal insulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"365 ","pages":"Article 119185"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenyi Huang , Fei Cheng , Jinheng Zhang , Shihao Zuo , Xuejun Cui , Guangming Yang , Jiaxin He , Sidra Ashfaq , Xiaozhi Hu
{"title":"Constructing continuous epoxy interlocking teeth on magnesium alloy surface using laser engraving and resin pre-coating for stronger adhesive bonding joints","authors":"Wenyi Huang , Fei Cheng , Jinheng Zhang , Shihao Zuo , Xuejun Cui , Guangming Yang , Jiaxin He , Sidra Ashfaq , Xiaozhi Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focused on optimizing the adhesive interfaces between Magnesium Alloy (MA) and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites using laser engraving treatment and Resin Pre-Coating (RPC). This synergistic approach improved the bonding conditions and constructed continuous epoxy interlocking teeth by introducing vertical gaps between annular array units. The MA-CFRP composite exhibited a noticeable 126.1 % improvement in its bonding strength following laser engraving of solid circles (0.16 mm in diameter) and RPC treatment. Moreover, the initial debonding failure of the MA surface shifted into cohesive failure of epoxy adhesive and CFRP panel delamination failure. The combination of the two techniques presents a novel and effective strategy to enhance the bond strength of MA-CFRP joints, exhibiting for industrial manufacturing of high-performance MA-CFRP composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"365 ","pages":"Article 119189"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New insight to nonlinear electromechanical deformation of hyperelastic beams and frames with a novel beam element","authors":"Nasser Firouzi , Marco Amabili , Timon Rabczuk","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electroactive polymers (EAPs) are used in several devices like sensors and actuators. This study aims to develop a formulation for large electromechanical deformations of hyperelastic electroactive beam-like elastomers; the neo-Hookean hyperelastic law is used. For this purpose, a new seven-parameter electromechanical beam element is introduced to capture the response of hyperelastic beams to electric loading. Moreover, the element is expanded for frame structures using a transformation matrix. Because the constitutive relations are extremely nonlinear, a finite element formulation in the Total Lagrangian framework is derived. To investigate the performance of the proposed model, some examples are solved, and very good agreements with results available in the literature, as well as experimental results, are achieved. The proposed model can be used to develop electromechanical actuators and manipulators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"365 ","pages":"Article 119196"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuxin Li , Haitao Luo , Kuo Zhang , Teijun Wang , Changshuai Yu
{"title":"Study on the nonlinear rolling behavior of small-scale thin-walled composite deployable structures","authors":"Yuxin Li , Haitao Luo , Kuo Zhang , Teijun Wang , Changshuai Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In solar sail systems, achieving a high stowage-to-deployment ratio requires the use of ultrathin-walled booms to support expansive sail membranes, but these thin structures also introduce significant nonlinear behaviors during both deployment and rolling processes. This study investigates the mechanical behavior of small-scale thin-walled composite deployable structures (STWCDS) during the rolling process through a comprehensive approach that includes theoretical modeling, numerical simulations, and experimental validation. The theoretical model integrates conventional elastic strain definitions and cross-sectional geometries with additional nonlinear correction terms, accurately describing the transition from a flat configuration to a coiled state. Finite element simulations, considering geometric nonlinearities and contact interactions, were used to analyze maximum strain, strain energy, and stress distribution in both the upper and lower sections of the structure. Results indicate that the lower section consistently experiences higher maximum stress, making it more vulnerable to stress concentration and potential failure. Furthermore, the strain at the inflection points effectively captures the overall strain variation pattern, serving as a critical reference for design optimization. Experimental rolling tests on specimens measured strain values, demonstrating a strong correlation with theoretical and simulation predictions. This work thus provides essential insights for optimizing STWCDS in high-performance solar sail systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 119191"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bimodulus composite materials based variable stiffness laminates using curvilinear fibre-reinforced layers- static bending characteristics under mechanical and thermal loadings","authors":"Ganapathi Manickam , Lingesh Balaji , Olivier Polit , Michele D’Ottavio","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work concerns with the bending analysis of variable stiffness laminates of bimodulus composite materials subjected to mechanical and thermal loads. The variable stiffness over the surface of lamina is formed using tow-steered composite layers <em>i. e.</em> curvilinear fibre paths-based laminae. The composite materials involved in these laminae are assumed exhibiting different sets of material properties depending upon whether the fibre directional strain action is tension or compression. The equilibrium equations are obtained using the minimization of total potential energy principle and they are solved using finite element methodology based on shear flexible theory. The positions of neutral surfaces of the laminate are evaluated iteratively using Newton-Raphson scheme as these surfaces are not known a priori. The formulation shown here is validated against the analytical solutions available in the literature. A systematic investigation assuming geometrical and material parameters like thickness and aspect ratios, material ratio, boundary conditions, lay-up, curvilinear fibre paths, etc. is conducted to reveal the laminate bending characteristics of bimodular variable stiffness composite laminate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"365 ","pages":"Article 119183"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yonglong Du , Daxu Zhang , Weiyu Guo , Chao Chen , Long Wang , Mingming Chen , Zhiliang Hong , Qi Zhao
{"title":"A nonlinear data-driven constitutive model for fibre tows to predict in-plane shear behaviour of plain weave CMCs","authors":"Yonglong Du , Daxu Zhang , Weiyu Guo , Chao Chen , Long Wang , Mingming Chen , Zhiliang Hong , Qi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the in-plane shear behaviour of plain weave ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) through a multi-scale approach, integrating a data-driven constitutive model for fibre tows with shear damage. X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) in-situ shear tests were performed to examine the shear damage mechanisms in plain weave CMCs. A deep-learning-based image segmentation method was employed to accurately identify internal material damage, enabling both quantitative analysis and Three-Dimensional (3D) visualisation. At the mesoscopic scale, a CT-based, data-driven nonlinear constitutive model for fibre tows under shear was developed to capture the progressive damage of CMCs. At the macroscopic scale, a refined unit cell model based on CT data was constructed for numerical simulation. The model’s accuracy was validated by comparing its predictions with Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) results and test data. The study identifies tow splitting and sliding in the 0° tows, as well as bending of bridging fibres in the 90° tows, as the primary shear damage mechanisms. A high-fidelity shear mechanical model, incorporating crack density from in-situ CT data, provides accurate predictions of the shear behaviour in plain weave CMCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"365 ","pages":"Article 119181"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Liu , Shuai Chen , Bing Wang , Xiaojun Tan , Bo Cao
{"title":"A novel quasi-zero-stiffness metamaterial plate with tunable bandgap","authors":"Xin Liu , Shuai Chen , Bing Wang , Xiaojun Tan , Bo Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an artificially constructed periodic material, metamaterials have a widely potential application in the field of low-frequency vibration isolation. However, the focus of attention has been mainly on the isolation of one-dimensional longitudinal waves along the axial direction of the structure, and there is less research on the suppression of bending waves. To address this issue, a novel quasi-zero-stiffness metamaterial plate with adjustable bandgap is proposed in this paper, consisting of two outer skins and a cellular core composed of unit cells in the form of truncated conical shells, whereas the bandgap characteristics and propagation mechanism of bending waves along the metamaterial are investigated under three different loading modes of surface excitation, center excitation, and apex excitation, respectively. The results show that the metamaterial plate has a favorable low-frequency attenuation performance and excellent adjustable bandgap characteristics for different patterns of vibration forces, exhibiting a reliable low-frequency and broadband vibration isolation capability. Additionally, the influence of plate thickness, resonant mass and material damping on the bandgap characteristics is also revealed. Aiming at the low-frequency vibration isolation problem under different excitation modes, a novel approach is provided in this study, making it possible to contribute to other researches in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"365 ","pages":"Article 119134"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling via cohesive phase-field framework for chemo-mechanical fracture of heterogeneous composites","authors":"Xiongfei Gao , Yang Zhang , K.M. Liew","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting fracture of heterogeneous composites under chemo-mechanical circumstances is still challenging, owing to intricate interactions between different components and complex crack paths. Herein, we present a novel phase-field model (PFM) based framework for chemo-mechanical fracture of heterogeneous composites from a thermodynamically consistent formulation. By introducing two phase-field variables, both interface and crack are represented in a smeared manner, and the damage of bulk and interface is unified for providing computational conveniences. To characterize quasi-brittle fracture, a cohesive zone model (CZM) with the linear traction-separation law (TSL) is incorporated to the PFM through elegantly choosing optimal constitutive functions. Besides, the material properties are regularized by the interface phase-field to avoid the discontinuity in stress across the material interface, and an analytical expression of modified interface fracture toughness is derived to guarantee the energetic equivalence. For numerical implementation, a staggered solution scheme is adopted to enable algorithmic efficiency and robustness. Representative numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the capability of the framework in capturing fracture behaviors including matrix cracking, interface failure, and crack branching and merging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 119132"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}